公开(公告)号：US08774646B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-08

申请号：US13078157

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol

发明人： John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： H04B10/61

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  H04B10/61 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, a coherent detector is provided that includes an optical hybrid that supplies optical signals including local oscillator light to a balanced detector. The amount of imbalance or “balance error” in the balanced detector is identified by comparing an output of the balanced detector and an output of a photodiode that receives a portion of an input optical signal provided to the optical hybrid. Based on the balance error, electrical signals generated by the balanced detector or the power of optical signals passing through (or output from) the optical hybrid circuit can be adjusted so that the balance error is minimized or reduced to zero. As a result, imbalance associated with the balanced detector is corrected so that unwanted currents and/or related electrical signals are cancelled out or substantially cancelled out. Such unwanted currents and/or related electrical signals are generated in response to noise in the local oscillator light as well as intensity noise associated with non-selected optical signals in a superchannel.

摘要翻译： 根据本公开，提供了一种相干检测器，其包括将包括本地振荡器光的光学信号提供给平衡检测器的光学混合器。 通过比较平衡检测器的输出和接收提供给光混合器的输入光信号的一部分的光电二极管的输出来识别平衡检测器中的不平衡量或“平衡误差”。 基于平衡误差，可以调节由平衡检测器产生的电信号或通过光混合电路（或从光混合电路输出）的光信号的功率，使得平衡误差最小化或减小到零。 结果，校正与平衡检测器相关的不平衡，使得不需要的电流和/或相关的电信号被抵消或基本上被抵消。 响应于本地振荡器光中的噪声以及与超声道中的未选择的光信号相关联的强度噪声而产生这种不需要的电流和/或相关的电信号。

公开(公告)号：US08655190B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-18

申请号：US12897788

申请日：2010-10-05

申请人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol ,  David F. Welch ,  Stephen G. Grubb ,  Pierre Mertz

发明人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol ,  David F. Welch ,  Stephen G. Grubb ,  Pierre Mertz

IPC分类号： H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/0279 ,  H04B10/5053 ,  H04B10/616 ,  H04J14/0208 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04J14/0224 ,  H04J14/0256 ,  H04J14/0271 ,  H04J14/0272 ,  H04J14/06

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit nodes of an optical communication, and converted to analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to drive a modulator. The modulator, in turn, modulates light at one of a plurality of wavelengths in accordance with the received data. The modulated light is then transmitted over an optical communication path to a receive node. At the receive node, the modulated optical signal, as well as other modulated optical signals are supplied to a photodetector circuit, which receives additional light at one of the optical signal wavelengths from a local oscillator laser. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is provided in the receive node to convert the electrical signals output from the photodetector into digital form. The output from the ADC is then filtered in the electrical domain, such that optical demultiplexing of individual channels is unnecessary.

摘要翻译： 与本公开一致，数字形式的数据由光通信的发射节点接收，并由数模转换器（DAC）转换为模拟信号以驱动调制器。 调制器又根据接收的数据调制多个波长中的一个波长的光。 然后将调制的光通过光通信路径传输到接收节点。 在接收节点处，调制的光信号以及其它调制的光信号被提供给光电检测器电路，光电检测器电路从本地振荡器激光器接收来自光信号波长之一的附加光。 在接收节点中提供模数转换器（ADC），以将从光电检测器输出的电信号转换为数字形式。 然后在电域中对来自ADC的输出进行滤波，使得各个信道的光解复用是不必要的。

公开(公告)号：US20120251121A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：US13078895

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04J14/0256

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit node of an optical communication system, is processed and then output to drive a modulator. The modulator, in turn, modulates light at one of a plurality of wavelengths in accordance with the received data, forming a plurality of corresponding carriers. The plurality of wavelengths used for the plurality of carriers are spectrally spaced apart by a common, periodic fixed spacing. The plurality of carriers are optically combined with a fixed spacing combiner to form a superchannel. A plurality of superchannels are generated and then multiplexed together onto an optical communication path and transmitted to a receive node. Each superchannel includes a plurality of carriers, each spectrally separated by the same fixed spacing. The plurality of superchannels are spectrally separated by an amount corresponding to the fixed spacing of the plurality of carriers. At the receive node, the superchannels are optically demultiplexed, and the plurality of carriers of a respective superchannel are then supplied to a photodetector circuit, which receives additional light at one of the optical signal carrier wavelengths from a local oscillator laser. The resultant signals are then processed electronically to separate the individual carriers and output data corresponding to the input data.

摘要翻译： 根据本公开，数字形式的数据由光通信系统的发射节点接收，被处理并随后输出以驱动调制器。 调制器又根据接收的数据调制多个波长中的一个的光，形成多个对应的载波。 用于多个载波的多个波长通过共同的周期性固定间隔进行光谱间隔。 多个载波与固定间隔组合器光学组合以形成超声道。 生成多个超通道，然后一起多路复用到光通信路径上并发送到接收节点。 每个超级通道包括多个载体，每个载流子以相同的固定间隔进行光谱分离。 多个超通道被频谱地分开与多个载波的固定间隔对应的量。 在接收节点处，超级信道被光解复用，然后将相应超级信道的多个载波提供给光电检测器电路，光电检测器电路接收来自本地振荡器激光器的光信号载波波长之一的附加光。 然后，所得到的信号被电子地处理以分离各个载波并输出对应于输入数据的数据。

公开(公告)号：US20120251101A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：US13078890

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen ,  Pierre Mertz ,  Hai Xu

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen ,  Pierre Mertz ,  Hai Xu

IPC分类号： H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit node of an optical communication system, and is then provided to a modulator that, in turn, modulates light, received from an optical source at one of a plurality of periodically and preferably minimally spaced wavelengths. The plurality of periodically spaced wavelengths or carriers are grouped together with minimal carrier spacing, to form a superchannel. The carrier spacing between adjacent carriers is determined by detecting a beat frequency of a combined optical signal that includes the outputs of two adjacent optical sources. The beat frequency corresponds to a frequency difference between the outputs of the adjacent carriers. This frequency difference should correspond to a desired carrier spacing between each of the plurality of carriers. A frequency error between the beat frequency and the desired carrier spacing is then measured by down-converting the beat frequency with respect to a target reference frequency corresponding to the desired carrier frequency spacing. Based on the determined frequency error, the optical sources are controlled to adjust in frequency to minimize or reduce the frequency error to zero. For every pair of adjacent carriers, the corresponding outputs of the optical sources are compared in the above manner to determine a plurality of frequency errors. Each optical source can thus be tuned in order to realize a precise carrier spacing between each of the adjacent carriers.

摘要翻译： 与本公开一致，数字形式的数据由光通信系统的发射节点接收，然后被提供给调制器，调制器进而调制从光源以多个 周期性和优选地最小间隔的波长。 多个周期性间隔的波长或载波以最小载波间隔分组在一起以形成超频道。 通过检测包括两个相邻光源的输出的组合光信号的拍频来确定相邻载波之间的载波间隔。 节拍频率对应于相邻载波的输出之间的频率差。 该频率差应对应于多个载波中的每一个之间的期望载波间隔。 然后通过相对于对应于所需载波频率间隔的目标参考频率下变频拍频来测量拍频和所需载波间隔之间的频率误差。 基于确定的频率误差，控制光源的频率以使频率误差最小化或将频率误差降低到零。 对于每对相邻载波，以上述方式比较光源的相应输出以确定多个频率误差。 因此，可以调整每个光源以便在每个相邻载体之间实现精确的载波间隔。

公开(公告)号：US07034994B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-25

申请号：US10097268

申请日：2002-03-15

申请人： John D. McNicol

发明人： John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H04B10/2916 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/302 ,  H04B10/25253

摘要： The dispersion managed solution for long haul, high speed D/WDM systems according to the invention operates on three closely related aspects of the communication system. One is provision of a new type of dispersion managed (DM) optical cable with improved dispersion performance over the existing unidirectional and bidirectional cables. Another aspect considered is providing a communication path implemented over DM cable with distributed Raman amplification, to obtain a transmission reach of 2000 km and more, without regeneration. Still another aspect of the dispersion management solution according to the invention is to provide ways of managing the end-to-end dispersion of a communication path, using the DM cable and taking into consideration all active and passive network elements in the respective path. Consideration is also given to the evolution of the path from simple to complex, as the user demand on more services grow.

公开(公告)号：US5036526A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-30

申请号：US82893

申请日：1987-08-10

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Iwan D. Jemczyk

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Iwan D. Jemczyk

IPC分类号： H04J3/07 ,  H04L27/34

CPC分类号： H04J3/07 ,  H04L27/3477

摘要： In a QAM radio transmission system, stuffing indications for a transmitted stuffed data signal are transmitted only once rather than repeatedly. The two possible states of each stuffing indication are represented by respective sets of signal points in the signal point constellation, with a separation between any two signal points in the different sets which is at least three times the signal point separation of the system. The reliability with which the stuffing indications are sent is much greater than for other transmitted information.

摘要翻译： 在QAM无线电传输系统中，发送的填充数据信号的填充指示仅发送一次而不是重复发送。 每个填充指示的两个可能状态由信号点星座图中的各组信号点表示，其中不同集合中的任何两个信号点之间的间隔至少为系统信号点分离的三倍。 发送填充指示的可靠性比其他传输的信息要大得多。

公开(公告)号：US4987375A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-22

申请号：US480384

申请日：1990-02-15

申请人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol

发明人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： H04L27/38

CPC分类号： H04L27/3818 ,  Y10S331/02

摘要： A carrier lock detector for a quadrature amplitude modulation system includes Exclusive-OR gating circuits for determining when detected signal points occur within first areas centered on signal point positions in a phase plane diagram or second areas between the signal point positions, and for producing corresponding output signals. An integrated difference between these output signals is produced by an integrator and compared with a threshold level to provide a carrier lock detection signal. The arrangement is such that the integrated difference is substantially zero when the carrier is unlocked, so that the threshold level can be set to a low value to enable reliable operation of the detector at low signal-to-noise ratios.

摘要翻译： 用于正交幅度调制系统的载波锁定检测器包括异或门控电路，用于确定检测到的信号点何时出现在以相平面图中的信号点位置为中心的第一区域或信号点位置之间的第二区域中，并产生相应的输出 信号。 这些输出信号之间的积分差异由积分器产生并与阈值电平进行比较以提供载波锁定检测信号。 该布置使得当载体被解锁时，积分差异基本上为零，使得阈值电平可以被设置为低值，以使得能够以较低的信噪比对检测器进行可靠的操作。

公开(公告)号：US4466134A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-14

申请号：US373036

申请日：1982-04-29

申请人： John D. McNicol

发明人： John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： H04B3/06 ,  H04B7/005 ,  H04J11/00 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H03H7/03

CPC分类号： H04B7/005

摘要： In a microwave digital radio transmission system receiver in which a modulated carrier wave is converted to an I.F. signal which is demodulated to produce phase quadrature signals, an apparent frequency error of the carrier wave is detected from the phase quadrature signals and used to control means, such as an I.F. amplitude equalizer, for compensating for amplitude slope of the I.F. signal. A control signal is produced by low pass filtering a product of one phase quadrature signal with the time differential of the other, or the difference between the products of each phase quadrature signal with the time differential of the respective other phase quadrature signal.

摘要翻译： 在其中调制载波被转换成I.F的微波数字无线电传输系统接收机中。 信号，其被解调以产生相位正交信号，从相位正交信号中检测载波的视在频率​​误差，并用于诸如I.F.的控制装置。 幅度均衡器，用于补偿I.F.的幅度斜率。 信号。 通过对一相正交信号的乘积与另一相位的时间差进行低通滤波，或每相位正交信号的乘积之差与各自的其他相位正交信号的时间差进行低通滤波，产生控制信号。