摘要:
A method and apparatus for improving the surface finish and/or surface integrity of a workpiece formed or shaped with a tool increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece. A method and apparatus for forming or shaping a workpiece also increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece with a tool, as do a method and apparatus for manufacturing a finished part or product from a workpiece. In some embodiments, an expanding jet of cryogen may be jetted to a surface of a workpiece and a tool from a nozzle, wherein the cryogen is at least partially separated into a condensed phase portion and a vapor portion within a downstream portion of the nozzle.
摘要:
Method of processing a workpiece comprising (a) providing a tool and a workpiece, wherein the workpiece has an initial shape; (b) placing the workpiece and the tool in contact to form an interface, applying force to the tool and/or the workpiece, and moving the tool and/or the workpiece to effect a change in the initial shape of the workpiece; (c) applying a lubricant to any area on a surface of the tool and/or to any area on a surface of the workpiece while the workpiece and the tool are in contact; and (d) applying a cryogenic fluid to any area on the surface of the tool and/or to any area on the surface of the workpiece while the workpiece and the tool are in contact.
摘要:
A method is provided for assessing tool-wear and predicting tool-life for a selected cutting tool performing a machining operation. The method is broadly defined as including the steps of determining a tool coating effect factor and a chip-groove effect factor for the coated, grooved cutting tool. Additionally, the method includes the calculation of a tool-life for the coated, grooved cutting tool. The method takes into account selected machining operation conditions such as the characteristics of the workpiece material to be cut, the depth of cut, the feed rate, the cutting speed and the cutting tool geometry.
摘要:
Fungicidally effective 2-amino pyrimidines bearing in the 6-position a carboxyl- or sulphonyl-esterified hydroxy or mercapto group; or salts thereof.