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公开(公告)号：US07589526B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-15
申请号：US11807873
申请日：2007-05-30
摘要： One of the issues with planar eddy-current sensors is the placement of the current return for the primary winding. Often the ends of the primary winding are spatially distant from one another, which creates an extraneous and large inductive loop that can influence the measurements. A sensor geometry featuring a primary winding that reduces the effect of this inductive loop is presented. The primary winding may include a plurality of parallel extended winding segments. The segments further include adjacent individual drive coils. Current flows through individual drive coils in an alternating fashion. Current flows through adjacent drive coil portions in a common direction, thereby imposing a spatially periodic magnetic field with at least two periods.
摘要翻译： 平面涡流传感器的一个问题是放置初级绕组的电流回报。 通常，初级绕组的端部在空间上彼此远离，这产生可影响测量的外部和大的感应回路。 提出了一种具有初级绕组的传感器几何形状，可以降低该感应回路的影响。 初级绕组可以包括多个平行延伸的绕组段。 这些段还包括相邻的单独的驱动线圈。 电流以交替的方式流过各个驱动线圈。 电流沿相同的方向流过相邻的驱动线圈部分，由此在至少两个周期内施加空间周期的磁场。
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公开(公告)号：US06992482B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-31
申请号：US10045650
申请日：2001-11-08
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/902
摘要： Magnetic field sensor probes are disclosed which comprise primary or drive windings having a plurality of current carrying segments. The relative magnitude and direction of current in each segment are adjusted so that the resulting interrogating magnetic field follows a desired spatial distribution. By changing the current in each segment, more than one spatial distribution for the magnetic field can be imposed within the same sensor footprint. Example envelopes for the current distributions approximate a sinusoid in Cartesian coordinates or a first-order Bessel function in polar coordinates. One or more sensing elements are used to determine the response of a test material to the magnetic field. These sense elements can be configured into linear or circumferential arrays.
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公开(公告)号：US06188218B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-13
申请号：US09182693
申请日：1998-10-29
IPC分类号： G01N2772
CPC分类号： G01N27/023 , G01N27/72
摘要： An instrument and method for providing accurate and reproducible measurement of absolute properties of a material under test without using conductivity or crack calibration standards. The instrument has a sensor designed to minimize unmodeled parasitic effects. To accomplish this, the sensor has one or more of the following features: dummy secondary elements located at the ends of a primary winding meandering, setting back of the sensing element from a connecting portion of the primary winding, or various grouping of secondary elements. The sensing elements of the sensor can be connected individually or in differential mode to gather absolute or differential sensitivity measurements. In addition, the instrumentation is configured such that a significant portion of the instrumentation electronics is placed as close to the sensor head to provide independently controllable amplification of the measurement signals therein reducing noise and other non-modeled effects.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在不使用电导率或裂纹校准标准的情况下提供准确可重复测量被测材料绝对特性的仪器和方法。 该仪器有一个传感器，旨在最大限度地减少未建模的寄生效应。 为了实现这一点，传感器具有以下特征中的一个或多个：位于初级绕组弯曲端部的虚拟次级元件，从初级绕组的连接部分回放感测元件，或者各种次级元件组。 传感器的感应元件可以单独连接或以差分模式连接，以收集绝对或差分灵敏度测量。 此外，仪器被配置为使得仪表电子设备的大部分被放置成靠近传感器头，以在其中提供测量信号的独立可控的放大，从而减少噪声和其他非模拟效应。
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公开(公告)号：US20120013334A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-19
申请号：US13247059
申请日：2011-09-28
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/902
摘要： Magnetic field sensor probes are disclosed which comprise primary or drive windings having a plurality of current carrying segments. The relative magnitude and direction of current in each segment are adjusted so that the resulting interrogating magnetic field follows a desired spatial distribution. By changing the current in each segment, more than one spatial distribution for the magnetic field can be imposed within the same sensor footprint. Example envelopes for the current distributions approximate a sinusoid in Cartesian coordinates or a first-order Bessel function in polar coordinates. One or more sensing elements are used to determine the response of a test material to the magnetic field. These sense elements can be configured into linear or circumferential arrays.
摘要翻译： 公开了磁场传感器探针，其包括具有多个载流段的初级或驱动绕组。 调整每个段中的电流的相对幅度和方向，使得所得到的询问磁场遵循所需的空间分布。 通过改变每个段中的电流，可以在相同的传感器覆盖区内施加多于一个磁场的空间分布。 当前分布的示例包络近似于笛卡尔坐标中的正弦波或极坐标中的一阶贝塞尔函数。 一个或多个感测元件用于确定测试材料对磁场的响应。 这些感测元件可以被配置成线性或圆周阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US07451639B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-18
申请号：US11715288
申请日：2007-03-07
申请人： Neil J Goldfine , Mark D Windoloski , Vladimir B Tsukernik , Darrell E Schlicker , Todd M Dunford , Andrew P. Washabaugh
发明人： Neil J Goldfine , Mark D Windoloski , Vladimir B Tsukernik , Darrell E Schlicker , Todd M Dunford , Andrew P. Washabaugh
IPC分类号： G01M15/00
CPC分类号： G01B7/285
摘要： A set of curved components, such as the dovetail region of engine blades, are inspected by mounting each component into a circular carousel in a vertical orientation and rotating the carousel to move each component toward and away from an inspection site. The inspection site clamps a flexible eddy current sensor array to the curved material surface, scans the array over the surface, records the sensor position. A rigid element having a surface geometry similar to the surface shape of the component can be attached to the component to facilitate scanning of the sensor array over a component edge. The response of each sense element in the array may be converted into an effective material property and sense element proximity to the component material surface to verify the quality of the inspection scan and the presence of a defect such as a crack.
摘要翻译： 通过将垂直方向上的每个部件安装到圆形转盘中并旋转圆盘传送带以使每个部件朝向和离开检查部位移动，来检查一组弯曲部件，例如发动机叶片的燕尾形区域。 检查部位将柔性涡流传感器阵列夹在弯曲的材料表面，扫描阵列在表面上，记录传感器的位置。 具有类似于部件的表面形状的表面几何形状的刚性元件可以附接到部件上以便于在部件边缘上扫描传感器阵列。 阵列中的每个感测元件的响应可以被转换成有效的材料性质和感测元件接近组件材料表面以验证检查扫描的质量和存在诸如裂纹的缺陷。
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公开(公告)号：US08928316B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-06
申请号：US13297933
申请日：2011-11-16
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Robert Lyons , Zachary Thomas , David A. Jablonski , Christopher Martin
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Robert Lyons , Zachary Thomas , David A. Jablonski , Christopher Martin
CPC分类号： G01N27/90 , G01N27/72 , G01N27/9046 , G01R33/0064 , G01R33/0094 , G01R33/093 , G01R33/10
摘要： Methods and apparatus for characterizing composite materials for manufacturing quality assurance (QA), periodic inspection during the useful life, or for forensic analysis/material testing. System are provided that relate eddy-current sensor responses to the fiber layup of a composite structure, the presence of impact damage on a composite structure with or without a metal liner, volumetric stress within the composite, fiber tow density, and other NDE inspection requirements. Also provided are systems that determine electromagnetic material properties and material dimensions of composite materials from capacitive sensor inspection measurements. These properties are related to the presence of buried defects in non-conductive composite materials, moisture ingress, aging of the material due to service or environmental/thermal exposure, or changes in manufacturing quality.
摘要翻译： 表征用于制造质量保证（QA）的复合材料，使用寿命期间的定期检查或法医分析/材料测试的方法和装置。 提供了将涡电流传感器响应与复合结构的纤维叠层相关联的系统，在具有或不具有金属衬垫的复合结构上的冲击损伤的存在，复合材料内的体积应力，纤维丝束密度和其他NDE检查要求 。 还提供了从电容传感器检查测量确定复合材料的电磁材料性质和材料尺寸的系统。 这些性质与非导电复合材料中存在的掩埋缺陷有关，水分进入，由于使用或环境/热暴露引起的材料老化或制造质量的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US07994781B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US12534560
申请日：2009-08-03
CPC分类号： B24B37/005 , B24B21/06
摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section. A test circuit includes sensing elements between concentric circular segments of the primary winding and located every other half wavelength of the primary winding.
摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时，去除负载来制造具有规定损伤水平的参考标准或物品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。 测试电路包括在初级绕组的同心圆形段之间并且位于初级绕组的每隔一半波长的感测元件。
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48.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07467057B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-16
申请号：US11227307
申请日：2005-09-15
IPC分类号： B01G1/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/902
摘要： Precomputed databases of sensor responses are used to convert measurement data into properties of interest, for example, conductivity or lift-off. These databases of responses may be generated prior to data acquisition and provide sensor response values that span appropriate ranges for the property values. After data acquisition, estimates for the property values are obtained from measurement values by minimizing the difference between the database of responses and the measurement values. The minimization can take the form of a least-squares minimization. Alternatively, iterative techniques can be used to minimize the difference between the database and measurement values.
摘要翻译： 传感器响应的预计算数据库用于将测量数据转换为感兴趣的属性，例如电导率或剥离。 这些响应数据库可以在数据采集之前产生，并提供跨越属性值的适当范围的传感器响应值。 在数据采集之后，通过最小化响应数据库与测量值之间的差异，从测量值获得属性值的估计。 最小化可以采取最小二乘法最小化的形式。 或者，可以使用迭代技术来最小化数据库和测量值之间的差异。
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49.发明授权Methods for processing, optimization, calibration and display of measured dielectrometry signals using property estimation grids 有权使用属性估计网格处理，优化，校准和显示测量的介电电位信号的方法公开(公告)号：US06380747B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09310507
申请日：1999-05-12
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Markus Zahn , Alexander V. Mamishev , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Markus Zahn , Alexander V. Mamishev , Darrell E. Schlicker , Andrew P. Washabaugh
IPC分类号： G01R2908
CPC分类号： G01R27/2623
摘要： A method is disclosed for processing, optimization, calibration, and display of measured dielectrometry signals. A property estimator is coupled by way of instrumentation to an electrode structure and translates sensed electromagnetic responses into estimates of one or more preselected properties or dimensions of the material, such as dielectric permittivity and ohmic conductivity, layer thickness, or other physical properties that affect dielectric properties, or presence of other lossy dielectric or metallic objects. A dielectrometry sensor is disclosed which can be connected in various ways to have different effective penetration depths of electric fields but with all configurations having the same air-gap, fluid gap, or shim lift-off height, thereby greatly improving the performance of the property estimators by decreasing the number of unknowns. The sensor geometry consist of a periodic structure with, at any one time, a single sensing element that provides for multiple wavelength within the same sensor footprint.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于处理，优化，校准和显示测量的电导率信号的方法。 属性估计器通过仪器耦合到电极结构，并将感测到的电磁响应转换成材料的一个或多个预选属性或尺寸的估计，例如介电常数和欧姆电导率，层厚度或影响电介质的其它物理性质 性质或其他有损电介质或金属物体的存在。 公开了一种电介质传感器，其可以以各种方式连接以具有不同的有效穿透深度的电场，但是所有构造具有相同的气隙，流体间隙或垫片剥离高度，从而大大提高了性能的性能 通过减少未知数的估计。 传感器几何形状由周期性结构组成，在任何时间，单个传感元件可在同一传感器覆盖区内提供多个波长。
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公开(公告)号：US20120126803A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-24
申请号：US13297933
申请日：2011-11-16
申请人： Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Robert Lyons , Zachary Thomas , Daivd A. Jablonski , Christopher Martin
发明人： Neil J. Goldfine , Andrew P. Washabaugh , Robert Lyons , Zachary Thomas , Daivd A. Jablonski , Christopher Martin
IPC分类号： G01R33/12
CPC分类号： G01N27/90 , G01N27/72 , G01N27/9046 , G01R33/0064 , G01R33/0094 , G01R33/093 , G01R33/10
摘要： Methods and apparatus for characterizing composite materials for manufacturing quality assurance (QA), periodic inspection during the useful life, or for forensic analysis/material testing. System are provided that relate eddy-current sensor responses to the fiber layup of a composite structure, the presence of impact damage on a composite structure with or without a metal liner, volumetric stress within the composite, fiber tow density, and other NDE inspection requirements. Also provided are systems that determine electromagnetic material properties and material dimensions of composite materials from capacitive sensor inspection measurements. These properties are related to the presence of buried defects in non-conductive composite materials, moisture ingress, aging of the material due to service or environmental/thermal exposure, or changes in manufacturing quality.
摘要翻译： 表征用于制造质量保证（QA）的复合材料，使用寿命期间的定期检查或法医分析/材料测试的方法和装置。 提供了将涡电流传感器响应与复合结构的纤维叠层相关联的系统，在具有或不具有金属衬垫的复合结构上的冲击损伤的存在，复合材料内的体积应力，纤维丝束密度和其他NDE检查要求 。 还提供了从电容传感器检查测量确定复合材料的电磁材料性质和材料尺寸的系统。 这些性质与非导电复合材料中存在的掩埋缺陷有关，水分进入，由于使用或环境/热暴露引起的材料老化或制造质量的变化。
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