摘要:
A spark plug is provided which can ensure gastightness between a metal shell and an insulator while preventing the cracking of the insulator. There is provided a spark plug in which a ledge portion 30 is formed on the metal shell 11 whose inside diameter is reduced gradually towards a front end portion, a step portion 32 is formed on an insulator 12 whose outside diameter is reduced gradually towards the front end portion and which confronts the ledge portion 30, and packing 34 is disposed between the ledge portion 30 and the step portion 32, characterized in that a distance between the ledge portion 30 and the step portion 32 gets narrower as the ledge portion 30 and the step portion 32 extend radially inwards, and in that an angle θ formed by the ledge portion 30 and the step portion 32 is one degree or larger and 10 degrees or smaller.
摘要:
The disclosed subject matter relates to a metal multi-layered film structure that includes two types of metal films including first metal films and second metal films alternately formed on a resin substrate. The first metal films can be composed of an aluminum-based material having a film thickness between 0.7 nm and 20 nm. The second metal films can be composed of a metal selected from the group consisting of stainless steel-based materials, nickel-based materials, cobalt-based materials, titanium-based materials and chromium-based materials, having a film thickness ranging from 1 nm to 20 nm. This metal multi-layered film structure can be manufactured through a method of sputtering. The metal multi-layered film structure is suitable for an extension reflector for vehicular lamps.
摘要:
When an insulator of a spark plug receives an external force in a bending direction perpendicular to an axis at a rear end side body portion, a position C where the insulator is supported by a crimping portion via a packing acts as a fulcrum, and a stress is applied between the position C and a position B where the insulator is supported by a ledge portion via a packing. When an insulator is designed in which the balance of size and modulus of section is adjusted so that τA which denotes a proof strength against bending between a rear end position A of the insulator and the position C and τB which denotes a proof strength against bending between the position B and the position C satisfy 0.71≦τA/τB≦1.27, cracks can be prevented.
摘要:
A spark plug is provided capable of speedily burn off carbon adhered on an insulator. With this spark plug, in order to improve the temperature rise performance of a front end side of an insulator 10, an amount of protrusion H (mm) of the insulator 10, a front-end side volume Vi (mm3) of the insulator 10, and a front-end side volume Vc (mm3) of a center electrode 20 are respectively defined. In consequence, it is possible to improve the recovery property of carbon fouling while retaining the voltage resistance of the insulator 10 and the durability of the center electrode 20. In addition, since the recovery property of carbon fouling improves, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of side sparks generated from the center electrode 20 to a metal shell 50 along the insulator 10, thereby making it possible to stably ensure proper ignition of an air-fuel mixture.
摘要:
A spark plug in which a distal end portion (60) of a crimp portion (53) of a metallic shell (50) is crimped by bending the distal end portion inward, whereby the metallic shell (50) and an insulator (10) are fixed together with a first packing (6), a second packing (7), and talc (9) being present therebetween. The first packing (6) assumes an annular shape and has a circular cross section. A minimum diameter portion of the crimp portion (53), which portion is closest to the outer circumferential surface (17) of a trunk portion (18), is located at the position of the center line of the first packing (6) or inward thereof with respect to the axis O. The crimp portion (53) does not come into contact with the insulator (10), and the first packing (6) comes into contact with the insulator (10). Furthermore, the first packing (6) has a hardness that is lower than that of the crimp portion (53).
摘要:
A spark plug and method of manufacturing the same, the spark plug including a metal housing holding an insulator therein, the metal housing having a threaded portion formed on an outer circumferential surface of a frontward portion of the metal housing in a crimp portion formed at a rear end of the metal housing and crimping the insulator in the axial hole of the metal housing. Furthermore, the rear-end portion of the threaded portion has a hardness that is higher than that of the crimp portion.
摘要:
Provided is a sealing member for preventing leakage of a developer from a developer containing portion of a process cartridge detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus to an outside of the developer containing portion. The sealing member is made of a thermoplastic elastomer that contains at least a copolymer and a plasticizer. In a molecular weight distribution of a tetrahydrofuran soluble matter of the thermoplastic elastomer measured by gel permeation chromatography, at least one peak is present in each of a region of a molecular weight of 4,000 or less and a region of a molecular weight of 30,000 to 200,000, and a percentage of a component of a molecular weight of 800 or less in a region of a molecular weight of 5,000 or less is 30% or less.
摘要:
To provide an image processing apparatus, an image processing method and a program that can decrease the frequency at which the object is externally referenced at the time of drawing and improve the drawing efficiency by suitably adjusting the bandwidth so that each element block of a structured document data may be included in one band. Therefore, the image processing apparatus scans the page of the structured document data in dividing the structured document data having plural element blocks into plural bands. The number of element blocks where an object to be externally referenced on the scanned line is arranged is detected. And the line at which the detected number of element blocks is decrease is set up as a divided line of the structured document data.
摘要:
A spark plug of the present invention is designed as a small-diameter spark plug, which includes: a metal shell having a mounting thread formed with a nominal diameter of M12 or smaller based on JIS standard; a ground electrode consisting a first structural member extending from one end toward the other end thereof and at least one ith structural member (i=2, 3, 4, 5) laminated to cover an outer surface of the first structural member, the length of protrusion of the other end of the ground electrode from a front end face of the metal shell being 4.5 mm or larger, the ground electrode having a bent portion formed between the one end to the other end thereof with a curvature radius of 2.3 mm or smaller; and an electrode tip joined to the other end of the ground electrode at a position facing the front end of the center electrode and having a protrusion length of 0.5 mm or larger and a cross sectional area of 0.20 to 1.13 mm2. It is possible to increase the heat radiation ability of the ground electrode and prevent the ground electrode from decreasing in metal fatigue strength by selecting the materials of the structural members of the ground electrode in such a manner as to control the total thermal conductivity X of the ground electrode as expressed by the formula [1] to 35 W/(m·K) or higher at 20° C. [ Formula 6 ] X = volume of first structural member volume of ground electrode × thermal conductivity of first structural member + ∑ i = 2 n ( volume of ith structural member volume of ground electrode × thermal conductivity of ith structural member ) ( 1 )
摘要:
A phase modulator (22) modulates, based on an electrical signal (Sa), the phase of one of optical signals of an input optical signal branched by a light branching circuit (21). Then, a phase modulator (23) performs phase modulation in a smaller amount and opposite polarity as compared to the phase modulator (22) based on an electrical signal (Sc) obtained by delaying the inverse logic signal (Sb) of the electrical signal (Sa) by a predetermined delay time τ shorter than the transient response time of the phase modulator (22) or the rise and fall times of the electrical signal (Sa). A light multiplexing circuit (24) multiplexes the optical signal obtained by the phase modulator (23) with the other optical signal of the input optical signal, thereby outputting a pulse-like output optical signal (36).