Abstract:
The variable relative distance d between the comparator and a test surface is measured by means of an optical system comprising a first glass-fiber bundle which directs a luminous flux to the surface and is surrounded by a second glass-fiber bundle which recieves the reflected flux and directs the flux to a receiver. The bundle of receiving fibers consists of three juxtaposed layers, namely a first layer which is adjacent to the emitting bundle and the fibers of which are directed towards a first receiver, a second intermediate layer in which 50 percent of the fibers are directed towards the first receiver and 50 percent of the fibers are directed towards a second receiver, and a third external layer of fibers directed towards the second receiver. The width of the intermediate layer is such that the value of d at which the signal of the first receiver is of maximum value is equal to the value of d at which the signal of the second receiver is located at the center at its linear range of variation.
Abstract:
The optical device comprises a luminous source and an optical system for forming a primary image of the source on the surface whose position is to be determined. The optical system returns some of the light back from the primary image. A beam splitter is provided for splitting the returning light into two beams directed towards two secondary image points. Two optical elements are disposed respectively in these two beams, each optical element controlling the amount of light passing therethrough, and two photoelectric detectors are provided respectively behind the two optical elements to receive the light passing through. Preferably one of the optical elements is a field lens having a central screen, and the other optical element is a diaphragm having a central aperture of the same diameter as the screen. Alternatively both the optical elements can be constituted by field lenses each having a central screen.
Abstract:
An apparatus for detecting saturation periods of an electrical transformer in which successive derivative samples of the current flowing in the transformer are compared when the current traverses a zero datum, the signs of the respective derivative samples are also detected, and a logical circuit controlled by the derivative samples as well as their signs functions to produce logic signals of one state or another, i.e., 1 or 0 depending upon whether or not the transformer is saturated.
Abstract:
A METHOD FOR MEASURING AND CONTROLLING THE RANGE OF AN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC EMITTER FOR SWEEPING ACOUSTIC INFLUENCE MINES AND CONSISTING IN TOWING A SOUND SIGNAL EMITTER AT A SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE ASTERN OF A MINESWEEPER AND IN TOWING AT LEAST ONE SOUND SIGNAL RECEIVER AT A SHORTER DISTANCE ASTERN WHICH DEFINES A SAFETY ZONE WITH RESPECT TO THE MINESWEEPER AND ALSO AT A SHORT AND CONSTANT DISTANCE FROM THE SEA FLOOR. ESSENTIALLY, THE SIGNAL COLLECTED BY THE RECEIVER IS UTILIZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MODIFYING AT LEAST ONE OF THE SWEEP PARAMETERS SO THAT SAID SIGNAL SHOULD HAVE A VALUE EQUAL AT A MAXIMUM TO A PREDETERMINED VALUE BUT INSUFFICIENT TO INFLUENCE A MINE WHICH IS ASSUMED TO BE LOCATED AT THE SAME POINT AS THE RECEIVER.