摘要:
When an insulator of a spark plug receives an external force in a bending direction perpendicular to an axis at a rear end side body portion, a position C where the insulator is supported by a crimping portion via a packing acts as a fulcrum, and a stress is applied between the position C and a position B where the insulator is supported by a ledge portion via a packing. When an insulator is designed in which the balance of size and modulus of section is adjusted so that τA which denotes a proof strength against bending between a rear end position A of the insulator and the position C and τB which denotes a proof strength against bending between the position B and the position C satisfy 0.71≦τA/τB≦1.27, cracks can be prevented.
摘要:
A spark plug in which the rising of a ground electrode is more reliably restrained. The spark plug includes a ground electrode having a core portion extending from a proximal end section toward a distal end section via a bent section, a heat transfer portion extending from the proximal end section toward the distal end section via the bent section, and an external layer located externally of the core portion and the heat transfer portion and extending from the proximal end section to the distal end section via the bent section. As viewed on a section of the ground electrode taken orthogonally to a direction along which the ground electrode extends, at least at an intermediate position of the bent section with respect to the direction, the center of the core portion is offset toward a center electrode from the center of the heat transfer portion.
摘要:
An objective is to provide a spark plug in which a ground electrode has a protrusion formed from the same material as that used to form the ground electrode and the heat transfer performance of the protrusion is improved to thereby improve erosion resistance. A spark plug 1 includes a rodlike center electrode 5 extending in the direction of an axis CL1; a substantially cylindrical insulator 2 provided externally of the outer circumference of the center electrode 5; a substantially cylindrical metallic shell 3 provided externally of the outer circumference of the insulator 2; and a ground electrode 27 extending from a front end portion 26 of the metallic shell 3 and forming a spark discharge gap 35 between a distal end portion thereof and a front end portion of the center electrode 5. A protrusion 28 projecting toward the center electrode 5 and forming the spark discharge gap 35 in cooperation with the front end portion of the center electrode 5 is formed at the distal end portion of the ground electrode 27 from the same material as that used to form the ground electrode 27. At least the protrusion 28 has an average crystal grain size of 20 μm to 200 μm inclusive.
摘要:
A motor drive circuit includes: a digital filter configured to attenuate amplitude in a frequency band including a resonance frequency of an actuator in a target current signal, the target current signal being a digital signal indicative of a target value of a drive current, the drive current being supplied to a voice coil motor configured to drive the actuator; a digital-analog converter configured to convert an output signal of the digital filter into an analog signal, and output the converted analog signal as a current control signal; and a drive circuit configured to supply the drive current to the voice coil motor according to the current control signal.
摘要:
A network communication system has terminal devices belonging to a group, the terminal devices generating, if there is a leaving terminal device leaving from the group, an updated group encryption key corresponding to a new group encryption key, from a deletion key corresponding to the leaving terminal device and a group encryption key, and, after the leaving terminal device leaves the group, communicating by using the updated group encryption key; and a group management server generating the updated group encryption key corresponding to the new group encryption key from the deletion key corresponding to the leaving terminal device and the group encryption key, and, after the leaving terminal device leaves the group, communicating by using the updated group encryption key.
摘要:
A spark plug includes a cylindrical metal shell; a cylindrical insulator that is held in the metal shell; a center electrode; and a ground electrode that comprises a ground electrode main body part and a noble metal tip, a spark discharge gap being formed between the leading end of the center electrode and the noble metal tip wherein at least a portion of the ground electrode main body part, to which the noble metal tip is joined, is made of Ni alloy containing 12 to 35 mass % of Cr, 7 mass % or less of Fe, 0.5 to 5 mass % of Al, 0.3 to 5 mass % of Si and 50 mass % or more of the balance, and wherein the joined portion and the noble metal tip are joined by laser welding or electron beam welding.
摘要:
A spark plug including: a center electrode including an electrode base member and a core member; an electrode tip joined to the center electrode via a molten bond; an insulator holding the center electrode; a metal shell holding the insulator; and a ground electrode joined to the metal shell. Relationships d≦2.1 [mm] and −0.09×d+0.33
摘要:
A developing device frame unit supporting a regulating member regulating the layer thickness of developer on a developer carrier. The unit includes a frame having a seal forming portion, first and second, first and second end seals contactable to the carrier surface to prevent carrier-axial-direction leaking of the developer, and a blade sealer sealing between the regulating member and the frame to prevent developer leaking when the regulating member is mounted. The blade sealer is an elastomer resin material which is injection-molded with a metal mold and in the seal forming portion where the end seals are provided. The blade sealer connects the end seals with each other, and a protrusion provided by a squeezed-out portion of the resin material is provided by injecting, into a space defined by the metal mold, the seal forming portion, and the end seal seals, a resin material volume larger than a volume of the space.
摘要:
A spark plug including an insulator and a metallic shell having an outer surface and an inner surface. The outer surface has a taper portion which comes into contact with a peripheral region around a mounting hole of an internal combustion engine, a tool engagement portion, and a trunk portion formed between the tool engagement portion and the taper portion. The inner surface has an annular step portion projecting toward the insulator and an internal trunk portion extending from the base of the step portion toward the rear end of the metallic shell. When the insulator and the metallic shell are fixed to each other by one of either cold and hot crimping, the projected area of the taper portion is at least two times or at least 1.5 times that of the step portion, respectively.
摘要:
There is provided a document processing method in which a document is created by applying one or more templates to multiple structured documents stored in a folder among a group of folders having a hierarchical structure in a document database, the method including acquiring a first structured document including multiple document elements forming a structure, acquiring information of a hierarchical structure of the folders in the document database, creating integrated structure information by merging the structure of the document elements of the first structured document into a position of a folder, in the hierarchical structure formed by the folders, in which the first structured document is stored, and applying a template to the integrated structure information.