公开(公告)号：US06464341B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US10068859

申请日：2002-02-08

申请人： Edward P. Furlani ,  John A. Lebens ,  David P. Trauernicht

发明人： Edward P. Furlani ,  John A. Lebens ,  David P. Trauernicht

IPC分类号： B41J204

CPC分类号： B41J2/14427 ,  B41J2/1628 ,  B41J2/1639 ,  B41J2/1646 ,  B41J2/1648

摘要： An apparatus for and method of operating a thermal actuator for a micromechanical device, especially a liquid drop emitter such as an ink jet printhead, is disclosed. The disclosed thermal actuator comprises a base element and a cantilevered element extending from the base element and normally residing at a first position before activation. The cantilevered element includes a barrier layer constructed of a low thermal conductivity material, bonded between a first deflector layer and a second deflector layer, both of which are constructed of electrically resistive materials having substantially equal coefficients of thermal expansion. The thermal actuator further comprises a first pair of electrodes connected to the first deflector layer and a second pair of electrodes is connected to the second deflector layer for applying electrical pulses to cause resistive heating of the first or second deflector layers, resulting in thermal expansion of the first or second deflector layer relative to the other. Application of an electrical pulse to either pair of electrodes causes deflection of the cantilevered element away from its first position and, alternately, causes a positive or negative pressure in the liquid at the nozzle of a liquid drop emitter. Application of electrical pulses to the pairs of is used to adjust the characteristics of liquid drop emission. The barrier layer exhibits a heat transfer time constant &tgr;B. The thermal actuator is activated by a heat pulses of duration &tgr;P wherein &tgr;P

摘要翻译： 公开了一种操作用于微机械装置的热致动器的装置和方法，特别是诸如喷墨打印头的液滴发射器。 所公开的热致动器包括基座元件和从基座元件延伸的通常位于激活之前的第一位置处的悬臂元件。 悬臂元件包括由低热导率材料构成的阻挡层，其结合在第一偏转器层和第二偏转器层之间，两者均由具有基本上相等的热膨胀系数的电阻材料构成。 热致动器还包括连接到第一偏转器层的第一对电极，并且第二对电极连接到第二偏转器层，用于施加电脉冲以引起第一或第二偏转器层的电阻加热，导致热膨胀 第一或第二偏转器层相对于另一个。 将电脉冲施加到任一对电极导致悬臂元件偏离其第一位置，并且交替地在液滴发射器的喷嘴处的液体中引起正压或负压。 电脉冲对对的应用用于调节液滴发射的特性。 阻挡层表现出传热时间常数B。 热致动器由持续时间T的热脉冲激活，其中P <1/2; t。

公开(公告)号：US5650626A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-22

申请号：US682910

申请日：1996-07-16

申请人： David P. Trauernicht ,  John Yorkston

发明人： David P. Trauernicht ,  John Yorkston

IPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/32 ,  G01T1/24 ,  H01L27/04

CPC分类号： H01L27/14676 ,  H01L27/14658 ,  H04N5/32

摘要： An ionizing radiation imaging detector, for use with a ionizing radiation beam source comprising a pixellated conversion-detection unit, and a substrate supporting the conversion-detection unit. The substrate includes one or more elements having atomic numbers greater than 22, the elements having a total concentration in the substrate of greater than about 1 mole percent relative to the total number of moles of elements having atomic numbers of 22 or less. The substrate has a dimensionless absorption exponent of less than 0.5 for gamma ray emission of Am.sup.241 at about 60 keV;whereAE(Am.sup.241 60 keV)=t*(k.sub.1 e.sub.1 +k.sub.2 e.sub.2 +k.sub.3 e.sub.3 + . . . )and wherein AE(Am.sup.241 60 keV) represents the absorption exponent of said substrate relative to the about 60 keV gamma ray emission of Am.sup.241 ; t represents said thickness of said substrate in the principle direction of propagation of said x-ray beam; e.sub.1, e.sub.2, e.sub.3, . . . represent the concentrations of elements in said substrate; and k.sub.1, k.sub.2, k.sub.3, . . . represent the mass attenuation coefficients of the respective elements.

摘要翻译： 一种用于包括像素化转换检测单元的电离辐射束源的电离辐射成像检测器和支持该转换检测单元的基板。 衬底包括一个或多个原子序数大于22的元素，相对于原子序数为22或更小的元素的总摩尔数，元素在衬底中的总浓度大于约1摩尔％。 对于大约60keV的Am241的γ射线发射，衬底具有小于0.5的无量纲吸收指数; 其中AE（Am241 60keV）= t *（k1e1 + k2e2 + k3e3 + ...），其中AE（Am241 60keV）表示相对于Am241的约60keVγ射线发射的所述衬底的吸收指数; t表示所述X射线束的主要传播方向上的所述衬底的厚度; e1，e2，e3， 。 。 表示所述底物中元素的浓度; 和k1，k2，k3，...。 。 。 表示各个元件的质量衰减系数。