公开(公告)号：US06938024B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-30

申请号：US09565584

申请日：2000-05-04

申请人： Eric Horvitz

发明人： Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： H04L12/58 ,  G06N5/00

CPC分类号： G06N99/005 ,  H04L51/08 ,  H04L51/12 ,  H04L51/14 ,  H04L51/26 ,  H04L51/38

摘要： Prioritizing text such as e-mail messages, given constrained resources, is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method first receives a plurality of messages, such as e-mail messages. The method prioritizes the messages, based on a predetermined criteria given a constrained resource. The method then outputs the messages to a user, as prioritized given the constrained resource. Specific constrained resources include limited bandwidth, limited storage space, and limited time in which to receive the texts. Embodiments include policies that include priority-sensitive truncation and summarization. Furthermore, in one embodiment, if context is detected, the priorities for caching are affected. In another embodiment, the likelihood that a user already knows all or part of the information being transmitted is considered.

摘要翻译： 公开了诸如电子邮件消息，给定约束资源的文本的优先级。 在一个实施例中，一种方法首先接收多个消息，例如电子邮件消息。 该方法基于给定受限资源的预定标准来优先化消息。 然后，该方法将消息输出给用户，在给定受限资源的情况下将其优先排序。 具体受限的资源包括有限的带宽，有限的存储空间以及接收文本的时间有限。 实施例包括包括优先级敏感截断和摘要的策略。 此外，在一个实施例中，如果检测到上下文，则缓存的优先级受到影响。 在另一个实施例中，考虑用户已知道正在发送的全部或部分信息的可能性。

公开(公告)号：US20050146651A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-07

申请号：US11033913

申请日：2005-01-11

申请人： J. Whitted ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Michael Sinclair

发明人： J. Whitted ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Michael Sinclair

IPC分类号： F21V8/00 ,  G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/13357 ,  G02F1/1333

CPC分类号： G02F1/1336 ,  G02F2001/133618 ,  G02F2001/133626 ,  G02F2201/58 ,  G02F2203/09

摘要： A transmissive display device. The transmissive display device comprises a transmissive display panel positionable in a viewing position by a user and including a viewing front surface and a light-receiving rear surface, a reflective surface that is positionable by a user to receive ambient light and reflect it toward the rear surface and though the transmissive display panel, and an un-grooved transmissive ambient light diffuser, without annular rings, positionable by a user so that ambient light is transmitted through the diffuser to thereby cooperate with the reflective surface to provide diffuse ambient light to the rear surface of the transmissive display panel.

公开(公告)号：US20050132005A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

申请号：US11047210

申请日：2005-01-31

申请人： Eric Horvitz ,  Carl Kadie ,  Andrew Jacobs

发明人： Eric Horvitz ,  Carl Kadie ,  Andrew Jacobs

IPC分类号： G06Q10/10 ,  H04L9/32

CPC分类号： G06Q10/109

摘要： A system and method are provided to learn and infer the time until a user will be available for communications, collaboration, or information access, given evidence about such observations as time of day, calendar, location, presence, and activity. The methods can be harnessed to coordinate communications between parties via particular modalities of interaction. The system includes a user state identifier that determines a user's state from background knowledge, the flow of time, or one or more context information sources. A data log can be employed to store information about user state changes and observational evidence to accumulate statistics and build inferential models of the availability and unavailability of users for different kinds of communication, collaboration, and information access. A forecaster is constructed from the accumulated statistics and/or learned models to enable a determination of a user's likely return, or, more generally, the probability distribution over a user's likely return to particular states of availability. The forecaster can be employed to cache information for offline access, drive displays of availability and unavailability, to send messages that include availability forecasts, and to automatically perform scheduling or rescheduling of communications.

公开(公告)号：US20050084082A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10881061

申请日：2004-06-30

申请人： Eric Horvitz ,  Murugesan Subramani ,  Paul Koch ,  Johnson Apacible

发明人： Eric Horvitz ,  Murugesan Subramani ,  Paul Koch ,  Johnson Apacible

IPC分类号： H04M3/22 ,  G06F15/163 ,  G06Q10/10 ,  H04L12/28 ,  H04M3/00 ,  H04M3/42 ,  H04M3/436 ,  H04W8/18 ,  H04W40/02 ,  H04M15/00

CPC分类号： H04M3/436 ,  H04M3/42059 ,  H04M3/42093 ,  H04M3/42102 ,  H04M3/4211 ,  H04M2201/60 ,  H04M2203/2072 ,  H04M2242/22

摘要： The present invention relates to utilizing identity and context-sensitive decision-making for handling communications, including, channel selection, routing, and rescheduling operations. The systems and methods provide a service that allows users to assess preferences regarding real-time call handling and performs dynamic decision-making about the best timing and channel for interpersonal communication. This service can be based on various cost-benefit analyses (e.g., basic and extended) that consider cost of interruption and preferences of contactors and contactees to guide communications, and/or on decision-making under uncertainty. Statistical models that are learned from data are joined with user preferences to generate expected costs of interruption for office activity and over time, based on a user's activities, locations, calendar information and preference assessments. In addition, statistical forecasting provides presence and availability predictions. The foregoing can provide an enhanced interpersonal communication system that can maximize the value and minimize the cost of communication among people.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及利用身份和上下文敏感的决策来处理通信，包括信道选择，路由和重新调度操作。 系统和方法提供一种服务，允许用户评估有关实时呼叫处理的偏好，并对人际沟通的最佳时机和频道进行动态决策。 该服务可以基于考虑成本中断的各种成本效益分析（例如基本和扩展），接触者和联系人指导通信的成本和/或不确定性下的决策。 从数据中学习的统计模型与用户偏好相结合，以根据用户的活动，位置，日历信息和偏好评估，为办公室活动和随着时间的推移产生中断的预期成本。 此外，统计预测提供了存在和可用性预测。 前述内容可以提供增强的人际沟通系统，其可以使价值最大化并最小化人之间的通信成本。

公开(公告)号：US20050021485A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

申请号：US10882068

申请日：2004-06-30

申请人： Uri Nodelman ,  Eric Horvitz

发明人： Uri Nodelman ,  Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： G06Q10/10 ,  G06E1/00 ,  G05B13/02 ,  G06E3/00 ,  G06F15/16 ,  G06F15/18 ,  G06G7/00

CPC分类号： G06Q10/109

摘要： The present invention relates to a system and methodology to facilitate collaboration and communications between entities such as between automated applications, parties to a communication and/or combinations thereof. The systems and methods of the present invention include a service that supports collaboration and communication by learning predictive continuous time Bayesian models that provide forecasts of one or more aspects of a users' presence and availability. Presence forecasts include a user's current or future locations at different levels of location precision and usage of different devices or applications. Availability assessments include inferences about the cost of interrupting a user in different ways and a user's current or future access to one or more communication channels. The predictive models are constructed from data collected by considering user activity and proximity from multiple devices, in addition to analysis of the content of users' calendars, the time of day, and day of week, for example. Various applications are provided that employ the presence and availability information supplied by the models in order to facilitate collaboration and communications between entities.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及促进实体之间的协作和通信的系统和方法，例如在自动应用，通信方和/或其组合之间。 本发明的系统和方法包括通过学习提供用户存在和可用性的一个或多个方面的预测的预测连续时间贝叶斯模型来支持协作和通信的服务。 存在预测包括用户在不同级别的位置精度和不同设备或应用的使用的当前或将来的位置。 可用性评估包括关于以不同方式中断用户的成本以及用户当前或未来访问一个或多个通信信道的推论。 除了分析用户日历的内容，一天中的一天和一周中的一天之外，还通过考虑用户活动和多个设备的邻近度来收集的数据构建预测模型。 提供了各种应用，其使用由模型提供的存在和可用性信息，以便于实体之间的协作和通信。

公开(公告)号：US06795137B1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-21

申请号：US09299521

申请日：1999-04-26

申请人： J. Turner Whitted ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Michael J. Sinclair

发明人： J. Turner Whitted ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Michael J. Sinclair

IPC分类号： G02F11335

CPC分类号： G02F1/1336 ,  G02F2001/133618 ,  G02F2001/133626 ,  G02F2201/58 ,  G02F2203/09

摘要： Energy efficient transmissive and transreflective display devices are described. Ambient light from a natural or artificial source is used to replace and/or supplement light normally supplied by a backlight. This is done by directing ambient light to the rear of a transmissive display panel. A window, light tunnel, or a reflective surface located in the rear or top of a display device may be used to direct the ambient light to the back of the display panel. A translucent diffuser and/or diffuse reflector are used to diffuse the ambient light to reduce the chance of bright spots appearing on the display. Additional energy efficiency is achieved by using one or more photo-sensors to detect the amount of light, incident on the front and/or rear of a display panel and by automatically adjusting the backlight intensity as a function of photo-sensor output. In this manner, backlight intensity can be minimized while maintaining the viewability of images shown on the display. In such an embodiment, energy savings are achieved as compared to devices which use fixed backlight intensity settings in a variety of light conditions. Control of the power supplied to a display's backlight in accordance with the present invention can reduce electrical energy consumption and prolong the amount of time a portable device can be used before its batteries need to be recharged.

摘要翻译： 描述了高能量透射和透反射显示装置。 来自天然或人造源的环境光用于替换和/或补充由背光源正常提供的光。 这通过将环境光引导到透射显示面板的后部来完成。 可以使用位于显示装置的后部或顶部的窗口，光通道或反射表面来将环境光引导到显示面板的背面。 使用半透明漫射和/或漫反射器来漫射环境光以减少出现在显示器上的亮点的机会。 通过使用一个或多个光电传感器来检测入射在显示面板的前面和/或后面的光量并且通过根据光电传感器输出自动调整背光强度来实现额外的能量效率。 以这种方式，可以在保持显示器上显示的图像的可视性的同时最小化背光强度。 在这样的实施例中，与在各种光条件下使用固定背光强度设置的装置相比，实现了节能。 根据本发明的对显示器背光提供的功率的控制可以在其电池需要再充电之前降低电能消耗并延长便携式设备可以使用的时间量。

公开(公告)号：US06714967B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

申请号：US09365293

申请日：1999-07-30

申请人： Eric Horvitz

发明人： Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： G06F1516

CPC分类号： H04L51/24 ,  G06Q10/107 ,  H04L51/12 ,  H04L51/26 ,  H04L51/34 ,  H04W4/025 ,  H04W4/12

摘要： Methods for integrating mobile electronic devices with computational methods for assigning priorities to documents are disclosed. In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method first receives a new document such as an electronic mail message. The method assigns a priority to the document, based on a text classifier such as a Bayesian classifier or a support-vector machine classifier. The method then alerts a user on an electronic device, such as a pager or a cellular phone, based on an alert criteria that can be made sensitive to information about the location, inferred task, and focus of attention of the user. Such information can be inferred under uncertainty or can be accessed directly from online information sources. One embodiment makes use of information from an online calendar to control the criteria used to make decisions about relaying information to a mobile device.

摘要翻译： 公开了将移动电子设备与用于为文档分配优先级的计算方法集成的方法。 在一个实施例中，计算机实现的方法首先接收诸如电子邮件消息的新文档。 该方法基于文本分类器（如贝叶斯分类器或支持向量机分类器）为文档分配优先级。 该方法然后基于可以对关于用户的位置，推断的任务和关注焦点的信息敏感的警报标准来向电子设备（例如寻呼机或蜂窝电话）通知用户。 这种信息可以在不确定性下推断，或者可以直接从在线信息来源访问。 一个实施例利用来自在线日历的信息来控制用于对移动设备进行中继信息的决定。

公开(公告)号：US06618716B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09365287

申请日：1999-07-30

申请人： Eric Horvitz

发明人： Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： G06N500

CPC分类号： G06F9/453 ,  G06F9/451 ,  Y10S706/902

摘要： An architecture for managing alerts, notifications, and peripheral information is disclosed. In one embodiment, a computerized system includes three modules, an attentional status module, a peripheral information notification and alerts module, and an notifications decision-making module. The attentional-status module generates a probability distribution over the user's focus of attention. In one embodiment the module also provides a probability distribution over the period of time until the user will become available to review alerts zero or minimal cost, or will review them without prompting. In one embodiment, this module utilizes a decision-theoretic analysis to identify ideal actions about the timing and rendering of notifications or alerts. The peripheral information notification and alerts module receives alerts from different sources, including the operating system, standard applications, special plug-ins designed to work with the architecture, and, in particular embodiments, from special sensory apparatus including ambient acoustical information. The notification decision-making module is to alert the user of the alerts received by the peripheral information notification and alerts module, based on the probability generated by the attentional status module.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于管理警报，通知和外围设备信息的架构。 在一个实施例中，计算机化系统包括三个模块，注意状态模块，外围信息通知和警报模块以及通知决策模块。 注意状态模块在用户关注的焦点上产生概率分布。 在一个实施例中，模块还在一段时间内提供概率分布，直到用户将可用于查看警报为零或最小成本，或者将在不提示的情况下对其进行审查。 在一个实施例中，该模块利用决策理论分析来识别关于通知或警报的定时和呈现的理想动作。 外围信息通知和警报模块从不同来源接收警报，包括操作系统，标准应用程序，设计为与架构一起工作的特殊插件，特别是实施例中，来自包括环境声学信息的特殊感觉设备。 通知决策模块基于由注意状态模块产生的概率来向用户提醒由外围信息通知和警报模块接收到的警报。

公开(公告)号：US06553358B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US09295088

申请日：1999-04-20

申请人： Eric Horvitz

发明人： Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： G06N502

CPC分类号： G06Q10/109 ,  G06Q10/107 ,  G06Q20/10

摘要： A decision-theoretic approach for guiding automated actions. In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method first determines a text to analyze. The method then determines an action probability based on the text. Words and phrases as well as information in special fields, such as distinctions and patterns in the header of email, observations about recent user activity, and organizational information are considered in classification. Based on the inferred probability that a user has a goal under consideration, the method selects one of the following options: (1) inaction, (2) automatic action, or (3) suggested action with user approval. Upon the method selecting either the (1) automatic action option or the (2) suggested action with user approval option—the latter also in conjunction with receiving actual user approval—the method performs an action based on the text.

摘要翻译： 指导自动化行动的决策理论方法。 在一个实施例中，计算机实现的方法首先确定要分析的文本。 然后，该方法基于文本确定动作概率。 在分类中考虑词和短语以及特殊字段中的信息，例如电子邮件标题中的区别和模式，关于最近用户活动的观察以及组织信息。 基于用户考虑目标的推测概率，该方法选择以下选项之一：（1）无效，（2）自动动作，或（3）用户批准建议的动作。 在方法选择（1）自动动作选项或（2）建议动作与用户批准选项 - 后者也结合接收实际用户批准 - 该方法基于文本执行动作。

公开(公告)号：US5784616A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US850621

申请日：1997-05-02

申请人： Eric Horvitz

发明人： Eric Horvitz

IPC分类号： G06F9/50 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/485 ,  G06F9/4881

摘要： Apparatus and accompanying methods for optimally using available computer resources, illustratively processing time, and which can be advantageously used for selecting task(s) instances to be precomputed during idle time as well as during other periods of processing activity. Specifically, at an onset of each idle-time interval, processing time is allocated to precompute during the remainder of that interval a future task instance, from among a group of such instances then available for precomputation, that will provide the highest fixed or incremental utility. For those task instances which exhibit constant or varying value with time, task selection is based on maximum probability of future occurrence, or net expected value (NEV), respectively, of each such instance. NEV is evaluated as a product of the task instance probability multiplied by a rate of change in the value (EVC flux) to be provided by that task with continued computation time, respectively. This product is assessed, for task instances that exhibit linearly changing value with time, at the onset of each idle-time interval, or, for task instances that exhibit non-linearly changing value, at the onset of each time slice occurring during such an interval.

摘要翻译： 用于最佳地利用可用计算机资源的装置和伴随方法，说明性地处理时间，并且其可以有利地用于选择在空闲时间期间以及在其他处理活动期间预先计算的任务实例。 具体来说，在每个空闲时间间隔开始时，处理时间被分配给在该间隔的剩余时间内的预计算，一个未来的任务实例（从一组这样的实例中可用于预先计算）将提供最高的固定或增量效用 。 对于那些随着时间呈现恒定值或变化值的任务实例，任务选择基于每个这样的实例的未来发生的最大概率或净期望值（NEV）。 NEV被评估为任务实例概率乘以由该任务提供的持续计算时间的值（EVC通量）的变化率的乘积。 对于在每个空闲时间间隔开始时呈现出随时间呈线性变化的值的任务实例，或者对于在这样的时间间隔期间发生的每个时间片的开始，对于表现出非线性变化的值的任务实例，对该产品进行评估。 间隔。