Abstract:
Disclosed is dispersion-compensated erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The disclosed fiber amplifier comprises a first fiber amplifying unit, a second fiber amplifying unit arranged downstream from the first fiber amplifying unit while being connected in series to the first fiber amplifying unit, an optical fiber connected in parallel between the first and second fiber amplifying units and adapted to re-use a residual light, remaining after an amplification operation of the first fiber amplifying unit, as a pumping light for the second fiber amplifying unit, a fiber reflector for reflecting an optical signal amplified in the second fiber amplifying unit, thereby causing the reflected optical signal to flow backward towards the second fiber amplifying unit, a circulator for guiding the amplified optical signal, reflected to flow backward by the fiber reflector and dispersion-compensated by a dispersion compensating fiber, to flow along a path different from that of the amplified optical signal applied to the circulator while preventing an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generated during an amplification operation of the second fiber amplifying unit from flowing backward towards the first fiber amplifying unit, and the dispersion compensating fiber is arranged between the circulator and the second fiber amplifying unit and adapted to compensate for dispersion of the amplified optical signal.
Abstract:
Methods of supplying a source to a reactor include charging a gaseous source into a charging volume by selectively activating a source charger coupled between the charging volume and a source reservoir. The gaseous source is then supplied from the charging volume into a deposition process reactor by selectively activating a source supplier coupled between the charging volume and the reactor after the gaseous source in the charging volume attains a desired internal pressure. Apparatus for supplying a source and methods and apparatus for depositing an atomic layer are also provided.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a telephoto-type lens system of a head separated charge coupled device (CCD) camera, which includes a first lens group having a positive focal length, a second lens group having a negative focal length, and a third lens group. The first lens group has a first convex lens surface facing an object and an upper convex surface. The third lens group has a second lens with a negative focal length joined to a first lens with a positive focal length. An image angle greater than 29.degree. and high definition images can be achieved with the present invention.