公开(公告)号：US06234008B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-22

申请号：US09457176

申请日：1999-12-08

Applicant: Kurt Sjoblom ,  John T. Germaine

Inventor： Kurt Sjoblom ,  John T. Germaine

IPC: G01N2556

CPC classification number: G01N33/246 ,  G01N5/025

Abstract: A soil specimen rests on a porous support. The support may be a porous ceramic plate or other body, for instance rated at 15 bar (1,500 kPa) or greater. The plate overlies a reservoir full of water that hydraulically contacts either an elastic membrane, that is fitted with a strain gauge, or a pressure transducer. As the soil specimen dries out, water is drawn from the pore space, which decreases the amount of water surrounding the soil particles, causing an increase in the pore water tension. The tension draws water from the saturated plate and reservoir, causing a change in the output of the strain gauge or pressure transducer. The tension is transduced by the strain gauge or pressure transducer, and is continuously recorded. The entire apparatus described above may rest on a balance. As the soil dries out, and its mass is reduced, the change in mass can be measured, and from the change, the mass of the remaining soil and water can be determined. From this, the soil moisture content over time can be calculated. The mass and the tension are recorded, essentially continuously during this process. A continuous relationship between soil water content and soil pore water tension is then calculated and plotted, as a Soil Moisture Characteristic (SMC). A complete curve over all moisture contents and soil tensions can typically be completed within twenty-four hours using the present invention.

Abstract translation: 土壤样品位于多孔支撑体上。 支撑体可以是多孔陶瓷板或其他体，例如额定值为15巴（1,500kPa）或更大。 该板覆盖着充满水的储存器，该储存器液压地接触与应变计配合的弹性膜或压力传感器。 随着土壤样品的干燥，从孔隙中抽出水分，这减少了土壤颗粒周围的水分，造成孔隙水张力的增加。 张力从饱和板和储层中抽出水分，导致应变仪或压力传感器的输出发生变化。 张力由应变计或压力传感器传导，并被连续记录。 上述整个装置可以平衡。 随着土壤干燥，其质量降低，可以测量质量变化，从变化可以确定剩余土壤和水的质量。 从此可以计算出随时间的土壤含水量。 在此过程中基本上连续地记录质量和张力。 然后计算土壤含水量与土壤孔隙水张力之间的连续关系，作为土壤水分特征（SMC）。 通过使用本发明，可以在二十四小时内完成所有水分含量和土壤张力的完整曲线。

公开(公告)号：US06202479B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-20

申请号：US09310565

申请日：1999-05-12

Applicant: Scott Frybarger

Inventor： Scott Frybarger

IPC: G01N502

CPC classification number: A01G27/008 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: A soil moisture monitoring apparatus, system and method for monitoring the soil moisture content of a given volume of soil in which a plant is growing are provided. The apparatus, system and method allow a plant caretaker to be alerted when the soil moisture content in the soil drops below a pre-determined level. When the soil moisture content drops below a predetermined level, an audible signal may be generated alerting the plant caretaker of the need to add water. The audible signal generated generally corresponds to a recognizable sound that a creature embodied by a creature-shaped housing makes in nature. The creature-shaped housing containing the audible signal generator mechanism may be placed around or attached to the plant such that the audible signal may be readily heard and the creature-shaped housing is visible.

Abstract translation: 提供了土壤水分监测装置，系统和方法，用于监测植物生长的给定体积土壤的土壤含水量。 当土壤中的土壤含水量下降到预定水平以下时，设备，系统和方法允许警告植物看管人员。 当土壤水分含量降低到预定水平以下时，可能产生可听见的信号，警告植物看守者需要加水。 所产生的可听见的信号通常对应于由生物形状的房屋所体现的生物本质上可识别的声音。 容纳可听信号发生器机构的生物形壳体可以放置在植物周围或附着到植物上，使得听觉信号可以容易地听到并且生物形状的壳体是可见的。

公开(公告)号：US6089079A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-18

申请号：US862928

申请日：1997-05-27

Applicant: Ephraim Rosenblum ,  John M. Lucas

Inventor： Ephraim Rosenblum ,  John M. Lucas

IPC: G01N11/10 ,  G01N33/20 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N11/00 ,  G01N11/02

CPC classification number: G01N33/246 ,  G01N11/10

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a moisture sensor for measuring the moisture content of particulate material like ore concentrates. The sensor comprises a body having one end to be buried within the bulk of the particulate material and the other end coupled to a force transducer. The force transducer itself is coupled to display means, so that when a conveyor containing the ore concentrate is in operation, a signal is generated from the force transducer and displayed as a result of the drag force exerted by the particulate material on the body. The moisture content may therefore be determined either by means of a calibration chart, or by the output of a calibration computer.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于测量诸如矿石浓缩物的颗粒材料的水分含量的湿度传感器。 该传感器包括一个本体，其一端被埋在颗粒材料的主体内，另一端连接到力传感器。 力传感器本身耦合到显示装置，使得当包含矿石浓缩物的传送器在运行时，由力传感器产生信号，并且由于颗粒材料施加在身体上的拖曳力而显示。 因此，水分含量可以通过校准图或校准计算机的输出来确定。

公开(公告)号：US5979228A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US995106

申请日：1997-12-19

Applicant: Brian Smith ,  Leticia Menchaca

Inventor： Brian Smith ,  Leticia Menchaca

IPC: G01N33/18 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N33/483 ,  G01N33/487 ,  G01N37/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/246

Abstract: A method for determination of .sup.18 O/.sup.16 O and .sup.2 H/.sup.1 H ratios and .sup.3 H concentrations of xylem and subsurface waters using time series sampling, insulating sampling chambers, and combined .sup.18 O/.sup.16 O, .sup.2 H/.sup.1 H and .sup.3 H concentration data on transpired water. The method involves collecting water samples transpired from living plants and correcting the measured isotopic compositions of oxygen (.sup.18 O/.sup.16 O) and hydrogen (.sup.2 H/.sup.1 H and/or .sup.3 H concentrations) to account for evaporative isotopic fractionation in the leafy material of the plant.

Abstract translation: 使用时间序列取样，绝缘取样室和蒸发水上的18O / 16O，2H / 1H和3H浓度数据来确定18O / 16O和2H / 1H比例和3H浓度的木质部和地下水的方法。 该方法包括收集从活植物中蒸出的水样，并校正测得的氧同位素组成（18O / 16O）和氢（2H / 1H和/或3H浓度），以解释植物叶片材料中的蒸发同位素分馏。

公开(公告)号：US5898310A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-27

申请号：US898718

申请日：1997-07-22

Applicant: Jin-Chen Liu

Inventor： Jin-Chen Liu

IPC: G01N27/22 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01R27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/225 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: A measuring instrument for measuring the matrix potential in a soil, has a measuring cell with a housing that includes at least in certain sections thereof, material permitting the moisture of the soil to penetrate into the interior of the housing, at least two electrodes which are arranged in said housing in spaced relationship with each other and a dielectric which fills the space between said electrodes and the inner wall of the housing, a measurement evaluation circuit which detects the water content in the dielectric of the measuring cell by measurement of changes of permittivity of the dielectric and determines, on the basis of said water content and on the basis of a known relationship between the water content and the matrix potential of the dielectric used, the matrix potential prevailing in the dielectric, and which displays said matrix potential as a measuring result.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量土壤中的基质电位的测量仪器，具有壳体的测量单元，该壳体至少在其某些部分包括允许土壤的水分渗透到壳体内部的材料，至少两个电极 布置在所述壳体中彼此间隔开的关系，以及填充所述电极和壳体内壁之间的空间的电介质，测量评估电路，其通过测量介电常数的变化来检测测量室的电介质中的含水量 的电介质，并且基于所述含水量并且基于所使用的电介质的水含量和基质电势之间的已知关系确定电介质中占优势的基质电位，并且将所述矩阵电位显示为 测量结果。

公开(公告)号：US4654598A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-31

申请号：US709592

申请日：1985-03-08

Applicant: Kandiah Arulanandan ,  Shiva Arulanandan

Inventor： Kandiah Arulanandan ,  Shiva Arulanandan

IPC: G01N27/22 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01V3/30 ,  G01R27/02 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01V3/06

CPC classification number: G01V3/30 ,  G01N27/223 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N33/241 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: A soil probe, comprising, in one form, a cylindrical member of insulating material having a pair of metal, electrically conductive, ring electrodes mounted a short distance above a conical portion at the lower end of the probe, these ring electrodes lie flush with the outer surface of the cylindrical member and are spaced apart from each other by the insulating material. An electrical-electronic measuring system is connected to the electrodes by conductors providing identical line impedance for each ring. The system has an initial electronic portion inside the cylindrical member and close to the electrodes and has a second portion distant from the cylindrical member. A plurality of different frequencies of radio-frequency current is applied to the electrodes, for accurate determination of capacitance at the different frequencies. Therefrom are determined the dielectric dispersion characteristics of the soil. A soil probe with three electrodes in a cylindrical tube can be used to predict the stress-strain behavior in situ and properties such as .lambda., .kappa., and M from such measured properties and (A.sup.2 /f), .DELTA..epsilon., and (e.sub.1 /e.sub.t) versus .kappa..

Abstract translation: 一种土壤探针，包括一种形式的绝缘材料的圆柱形构件，其具有一对金属导电的环形电极，其在探针的下端处在锥形部分上方短距离地安装，这些环形电极与 圆柱形构件的外表面并且通过绝缘材料彼此间隔开。 电子电子测量系统通过为每个环提供相同线路阻抗的导体连接到电极。 该系统在圆柱形构件内部具有一个初始电子部分，并且靠近电极并且具有远离圆柱形构件的第二部分。 将多个不同频率的射频电流施加到电极，以准确地确定不同频率处的电容。 从而确定了土壤的介电分散特性。 可以使用圆柱形管中具有三个电极的土壤探针来预测原位的应力 - 应变行为和诸如λ，kappa和M等性质和（A2 / f），DELTAε和（e1 / et）与κ。

公开(公告)号：US4561294A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US650737

申请日：1984-09-14

Applicant: Henry T. Wilkinson

Inventor： Henry T. Wilkinson

IPC: G01N33/24 ,  G01N19/10

CPC classification number: G01N33/246

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use for controlling the matric potential of a porous sample in a liquid are described. The apparatus includes a cylindrical porous cup for holding the sample, the cup having an air entry value greater than the matric potential to be imparted to the sample, an outer vesicle adapted to define a chamber between the cup and vesicle for holding the liquid, and means for adjusting the pressure of the liquid in the chamber.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于控制液体中多孔样品的基质电位的装置和方法。 该装置包括用于保持样品的圆柱形多孔杯，杯具有大于要赋予样品的基质电位的空气入口值，适于在杯和囊泡之间限定用于保持液体的室的外囊泡，以及 用于调节腔室中的液体的压力的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4561293A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US535754

申请日：1983-09-26

Applicant: Lorenzo A. Richards

Inventor： Lorenzo A. Richards

IPC: G01N27/12 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N13/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/121 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: An apparatus measuring the matric suction of soil moisture free from adverse effects due to changes in the salinity and temperature of the soil having first and second water-sensitive resistors and circuit electrically connected to the resistors for measuring the ratio of resistance of the resistors as affected by matric suction. A circuit is provided which includes electrodes proximate opposite sides of each resistor and separate layers located between the water-sensitive resistors and at least all of the electrodes but the electrode furthermost from the soil. The separate layers are chemical inert, electrically conductive, finely divided particles which are wettable by an aqueous solution.

Abstract translation: 测量土壤水分的基质吸力的设备，由于具有第一和第二水敏电阻器的土壤的盐度和温度的变化而不会产生不利影响，并且电路电连接到电阻器，用于测量电阻器的电阻比例如受影响 通过吸引力。 提供了一种电路，其包括靠近每个电阻器的相对侧的电极以及位于水敏电阻器和至少所有电极之间的分离层，但电极最远离土壤。 单独的层是化学惰性的，导电的，细分的颗粒，其可被水溶液润湿。

公开(公告)号：US4561290A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-31

申请号：US676375

申请日：1984-11-29

Applicant: Daniel E. Jewell

Inventor： Daniel E. Jewell

IPC: G01F1/00 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N15/00

CPC classification number: G01F1/007 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: A float valve assembly, integral with a water supply system, responds to changes in a predetermined water level inside a test bore to regulate water flow through the float valve into the bore to maintain this water level. The float valve assembly can be positioned at different depths below ground level by suspension at the lower end of a premarked flexible hose (16) hanging freely inside the test bore. The float valve housing (1) is open at its lower end (3), so that water around it in the test bore can raise the float (8) within to throttle the water flowing down through a reducer (13) at the end of the hose and directly above the float. After an initial transient stage, the water in the test bore percolates away from the bore through the soil around it at a steady rate, measured to obtain the steady state percolation rate at that site at the selected depth.

Abstract translation: 与供水系统成一体的浮阀组件响应测试孔内的预定水位的变化，以调节通过浮阀进入孔的水流，以保持该水位。 浮动阀组件可以通过悬挂在位于测试孔内自由悬挂的预先标记的柔性软管（16）的下端而位于地平面下方的不同深度处。 浮子阀壳体（1）在其下端（3）处是开放的，使得测试孔中的水周围的水可以将浮子（8）升高以节流通过减速器（13）向下流动的水 软管和浮子正上方。 在初始瞬态阶段之后，测试孔中的水以稳定的速率渗透到穿过其周围的土壤的孔中，以获得在所选深度处的该位置的稳态渗滤速率。

公开(公告)号：US4408481A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-11

申请号：US357444

申请日：1982-03-12

Applicant: Roger Sidey

Inventor： Roger Sidey

IPC: E21B47/06 ,  G01L9/00 ,  G01L9/08 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01L11/00

CPC classification number: G01L9/08 ,  E21B47/06 ,  G01L9/008 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: A system for measuring transient pore water pressure in the ground utilizes a unique probe assembly and two-stage emplacement technique therefor. In the initial stage, a large, robust primary probe member of a probe assembly in the measuring system is pushed into the ground to the selected measurement region. In the final stage, a small secondary probe member which is contained within the primary probe member is ejected into the soil when the primary probe member is emplaced at the desired region. The secondary probe member contains a pressure sensor in the form of a highly miniaturized, fast response piezometer which is capable of achieving a responsive coupling with interstitial fluid in the region of measurement.

Abstract translation: 用于测量地面瞬时孔隙水压力的系统利用独特的探针组件和两级放置技术。 在初始阶段，将测量系统中的探针组件的大的，坚固的主要探针构件推入到所选择的测量区域的地面中。 在最后阶段，当主探针构件放置在期望的区域时，包含在主探测器构件内的小的辅助探针构件被喷射到土壤中。 二次探针构件包含高度小型化，快速响应的压力计形式的压力传感器，其能够在测量区域中实现与间质流体的响应耦合。