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    Magnetoplasmadynamic switch
    78.
    发明授权
    Magnetoplasmadynamic switch 失效
    磁力动力开关

    公开(公告)号：US4346420A

    公开(公告)日：1982-08-24

    申请号：US153987

    申请日：1980-05-28

    Applicant: Peter J. Turchi

    Inventor： Peter J. Turchi

    IPC: H01J17/00 ,  H02H3/00

    CPC classification number: H01J17/00 ,  H02H3/00 ,  H01J2893/0059

    Abstract: A magnetoplasmadynamic switch adapted to be coupled in parallel with an ictive energy storage circuit carrying current through an initially closed circuit interrupter. The switch includes an electrode spaced by a gap from an arcjet source which is triggered by a capacitor. The capacitor is connected to the arcjet source by a closing switch so that a plasma jet is created between the source and the electrode. The voltage on the capacitor is chosen such that the arcjet source current will equal the current in the energy storage circuit at the time when the circuit interrupter has completely opened. The circuit interrupter is opened after the plasma jet is established between the source and the electrode, and the energy storage circuit current is conducted by the magnetoplasmadynamic switch until the dielectric strength of the circuit interrupter reaches a satisfactory level. Another switch is then closed providing a low impedance conduction path parallel to the arcjet source current. The arc current decays with a time constant equal to the arcjet source inductance divided by its resistance (typically several microseconds). The decay of arc current disrupts the magnetoplasmadynamic force balance, cutting off the plasma jet. Plasma already in the gap, however, continues to leave at high speed reducing the density of conducting material below that needed for high conductivity, thereby opening the switch on the timescale of gap distance divided by plasma jet speed. The current from the inductive energy storage circuit is then diverted into a parallel circuit including an inductive load.

    Abstract translation: 一种磁电动力学开关，其适于与承载电流通过初始闭合电路断续器的感应能量存储电路并联耦合。 该开关包括由与电弧器触发的电弧喷射源间隔的电极。 电容器通过关闭开关连接到电弧喷射源，使得在源极和电极之间产生等离子体射流。 选择电容器上的电压使得电弧喷射源电流将等于电路断路器完全打开时储能电路中的电流。 在源极和电极之间建立等离子体射流之后，断路器断开，并且由磁致伸缩开关导通能量存储电路电流，直到断路器的介电强度达到令人满意的水平。 然后关闭另一个开关，提供平行于电弧喷射源电流的低阻抗传导路径。 电弧电流以等于电弧喷射源电感的时间常数除以其电阻（通常为几微秒）而衰减。 电弧电流的衰减破坏了磁致伸缩力平衡，切断等离子体射流。 然而，已经在间隙中的等离子体继续以高速降低导电材料的密度，低于高导电性所需的密度，从而在间隙距离的时间尺度上除以等离子体喷射速度来打开开关。 然后将来自感应能量存储电路的电流转移到包括感性负载的并联电路中。

    High voltage electric switch with trigger electrodes integral with main discharge electrodes
    79.
    发明授权
    High voltage electric switch with trigger electrodes integral with main discharge electrodes 失效
    具有触发电极的高压电开关与主放电电极成一体

    公开(公告)号：US4035683A

    公开(公告)日：1977-07-12

    申请号：US692084

    申请日：1976-06-02

    Applicant: Victor Haim Hasson ,  Hubertus Michael VON Bergmann

    Inventor： Victor Haim Hasson ,  Hubertus Michael VON Bergmann

    IPC: H01J17/00 ,  H01S3/0971 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J17/20 ,  H01J17/30

    CPC classification number: H01S3/09716 ,  H01J17/00 ,  H01J2893/0059

    Abstract: This invention provides a compact high voltage electric switch having a fast switching time. The switch comprises two spaced-apart main electrodes defining a breakdown gap, in which an insulating gas is present, and a trigger means in close proximity to the gap to provide electrically generated electro-magnetic radiation of high intensity which causes large-scale volume photo-ionization of the gas and thus breakdown of the gap. The trigger means may conveniently be one or more trigger electrodes, with a trigger discharge occurring between the trigger electrode and one of the main electrodes or between two trigger electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, the main electrodes are flat and the trigger means is a surface gap spark plug centrally mounted in one of the main electrodes, with the trigger discharge occurring between the spark plug and the main electrode in which it is mounted.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供了具有快速切换时间的紧凑型高压电开关。 开关包括两个间隔开的主电极，其限定了存在绝缘气体的击穿间隙，以及紧邻间隙的触发装置，以提供高度强度的电生成电磁辐射，这导致大规模体积照片 气体的电离，从而破裂间隙。 触发装置可以方便地是一个或多个触发电极，触发放电发生在触发电极和主电极中的一个之间或两个触发电极之间。 在优选实施例中，主电极是平坦的，并且触发装置是中心地安装在一个主电极中的表面间隙火花塞，触发放电发生在火花塞和安装在其之间的主电极之间。

    Laser lightning rod system
    80.
    发明授权
    Laser lightning rod system 失效
    激光避雷针系统

    公开(公告)号：US4017767A

    公开(公告)日：1977-04-12

    申请号：US423239

    申请日：1973-12-10

    Applicant: Leonard M. Ball

    Inventor： Leonard M. Ball

    IPC: H01J17/00 ,  H01T2/00 ,  H02G13/00 ,  H02H3/22

    CPC classification number: H02G13/00 ,  H01J17/00 ,  H01T2/00 ,  H02G13/20 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64D45/02 ,  B64G1/52 ,  H01J2893/0059

    Abstract: A system utilizing ionization produced by beams from laser and laser-like devices to pre-determine the course of stepped leader and lightning channel development, thereby affording protection of life and property. The applications of such a capacity to harmlessly discharge thunderclouds include forest fire prevention, protection of aircraft, protection of missiles and spacecraft (particularly at time of launch), protection of electric power transmission and distribution networks, protection of communication networks, and (to the extent that Vonnegut's electrical theory of tornadoes may be valid) reduction of the destructive force of tornadoes.

    Abstract translation: 利用来自激光和类激光器件的光束产生的离子化的系统来预先确定阶梯式引导和闪电通道开发的过程，从而提供对寿命和性能的保护。 这种能够无害地排放雷云的能力的应用包括森林防火，保护飞机，保护导弹和航天器（特别是在发射时），保护电力输配电网络，保护通信网络，以及 冯内古特龙卷风的电学理论可能是有效的）减少龙卷风的破坏力。

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