公开(公告)号：US20090244084A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-01

申请号：US12416236

申请日：2009-04-01

申请人： Sabrina Dammertz ,  Holger Dammertz ,  Alexander Keller

发明人： Sabrina Dammertz ,  Holger Dammertz ,  Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G09G5/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/001 ,  G06T1/60

摘要： Methods, systems and computer program code (software) products executable in a digital processor operable to generate a synthetic image include (1) selecting a rank-1 lattice in accordance with a maximized minimum distance function (max-min-dist lattice) corresponding to points in the synthetic image to be generated, (2) generating a data structure for efficient access of data stored in points of the rank-1 lattice, the data structure including the number n of lattice points, generator vector g, s basis vectors, and indices of the basis vectors, wherein the basis vectors are lattice points, and (3) generating, using the rank-1 lattice, digital output representative of a synthetic image, wherein the generating includes using the layout of rank-1 lattice points to represent textures of arbitrary dimension.

摘要翻译： 在可操作以产生合成图像的数字处理器中可执行的方法，系统和计算机程序代码（软件）产品包括（1）根据对应于最大化最小距离函数（max-min-dist lattice）的最大化最小距离函数 要生成的合成图像中的点，（2）生成用于有效访问存储在Rank-1格点的数据的数据结构，包括格点数n，包括生成矢量g，s基矢量的数据结构， 和基矢量的索引，其中基矢量是格点，以及（3）使用等级-1格格生成表示合成图像的数字输出，其中所述生成包括使用rank-1格点的布局 代表任意维度的纹理。

公开(公告)号：US20090225081A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-10

申请号：US12420894

申请日：2009-04-09

申请人： Alexander Keller ,  Carsten Waechter

发明人： Alexander Keller ,  Carsten Waechter

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/40 ,  G06T15/06

摘要： Methods, systems and computer program code (software) products executable in a digital processor operable to simulate light transport in a scene by ray tracing (wherein the digital processor is operable to maintain an object list representing a list of objects associated with a boundary of the scene) include executing a ray tracing method that traces r rays through n objects by (1) partitioning the object list in a recursive manner to generate partitions and (2) culling away the partitions of objects from rays, without using an explicit auxiliary acceleration data structure.

摘要翻译： 可在数字处理器中执行的方法，系统和计算机程序代码（软件）产品，其可操作以通过光线跟踪来模拟场景中的光传输（其中，所述数字处理器可操作以维持表示与所述场景的边界相关联的对象的列表的对象列表 场景）包括执行通过（1）以递归方式分割对象列表以生成分区并且（2）从光线剔除对象的分区而不使用明确的辅助加速数据的n个对象来追踪r射线的光线跟踪方法 结构体。

公开(公告)号：US20090167763A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US12245763

申请日：2008-10-05

申请人： Carsten Waechter ,  Alexander Keller

发明人： Carsten Waechter ,  Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/40 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T17/005

摘要： Methods, systems, devices and computer program code (software) products operable within a computer graphics system or other computer system enable quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) light transport simulation by efficient ray tracing.

摘要翻译： 可在计算机图形系统或其他计算机系统中操作的方法，系统，设备和计算机程序代码（软件）产品通过有效的光线跟踪实现准蒙特卡罗（QMC）光传输模拟。

公开(公告)号：US20090147002A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-11

申请号：US12272005

申请日：2008-11-17

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera. The computer graphics system comprises a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The sample point generator is configured to generate a set of sample points representing at least one simulated element of the simulated camera, the sample points representing elements of, illustratively, for sample points on the image plane, during time intervals during which the shutter is open, and on the lens, a Hammersley sequence, and, for use in global illumination, a scrambled Halton sequence. The function evaluator is configured to generate at least one value representing an evaluation of a selected function at sample points generated by the sample point generator, those values corresponding to the pixel value.

摘要翻译： 计算机图形系统为图像中的像素生成像素值，该像素代表记录在模拟相机的图像平面上的场景中的点。 计算机图形系统包括采样点发生器和功能评估器。 采样点发生器被配置为在快门打开的时间间隔期间生成表示模拟相机的至少一个模拟元素的采样点集合，采样点表示例如图像平面上的采样点的元素 ，并且在镜头上是Hammersley序列，并且在全局照明中使用加扰的Halton序列。 功能评估器被配置为在由采样点发生器产生的采样点处产生表示所选择的函数的评估的至少一个值，对应于像素值的那些值。

公开(公告)号：US07432935B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-07

申请号：US11465717

申请日：2006-08-18

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G09G5/00 ,  G06T15/00

CPC分类号： G06F17/10 ,  G06T11/001 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： The invention provides systems and computer-implemented methods for evaluating integrals using quasi-Monte Carlo methodologies, and in particular embodiments, adaptive quasi-Monte Carlo integration and adaptive integro-approximation in conjunction with techniques including a scrambled Halton Sequence, stratification by radical inversion, stratified samples from the Halton Sequence, deterministic scrambling, bias elimination by randomization, adaptive and deterministic anti-aliasing, anti-aliasing by rank-1 lattices, and trajectory splitting by dependent sampling and rank-1 lattices.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了使用准蒙特卡罗方法来评估积分的系统和计算机实现的方法，并且在特定实施例中，结合包括加扰的Halton序列，通过自旋反演分层的技术的自适应准蒙特卡罗积分和自适应积分近似， 来自Halton序列的分层样本，确定性扰频，随机化偏移消除，自适应和确定性抗锯齿，等级1晶格的抗锯齿，以及依赖抽样和秩1格点的轨迹分割。

公开(公告)号：US20080100617A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-01

申请号：US11839161

申请日：2007-08-15

申请人： Alexander Keller ,  Carsten Waechter

发明人： Alexander Keller ,  Carsten Waechter

IPC分类号： G06T15/40

CPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/06

摘要： Methods, systems, apparatus and computer software/computer code products operable to enable computer graphics systems to more efficiently simulate Markov chains (and thus trajectories of photons and the like) comprise simulating, and/or means for simulating, Markov chains using a quasi-Monte Carlo methodology, wherein the simulating of Markov chains comprises sorting states, and wherein the sorting comprises proximity sorting.

摘要翻译： 可操作以使计算机图形系统能够更有效地模拟马尔可夫链（以及因此光子等的轨迹）的方法，系统，装置和计算机软件/计算机代码产品包括用于模拟马尔科夫链的模拟和/ 蒙特卡罗方法，其中马尔科夫链的模拟包括分类状态，并且其中排序包括邻近分类。

公开(公告)号：US07358971B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-15

申请号：US11676796

申请日：2007-02-20

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T17/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： Computer graphics apparatus, methods and systems and program products operable to generate and display human-perceptible images, comprise a ray tracer operable to generate a ray tree, the ray tree comprising a primary ray shot along a selected direction and a plurality of other rays, the other rays being generated by recursive splitting. A ray is split when it encounters a predetermined condition, and each of the rays into which it is split is directed along a selected direction. The ray tracer comprises a low-discrepancy sequence generator an condition detector and a ray generator. The low-discrepancy sequence generator is configured to generate elements of at least one low-discrepancy sequence. The condition detector is configured to determine, for one of the rays in the ray tree, whether the one of the rays encounters the predetermined condition. The ray generator is configured to, when the condition detector makes a positive determination in connection with the one of the rays, generate a selected number “M” of split rays each along a splitting, direction determined by a respective direction value.

摘要翻译： 可操作以产生和显示人类可感知图像的计算机图形装置，方法和系统和程序产品包括可操作以产生射线树的射线追踪器，所述射线树包括沿所选方向的一次射线射线和多个其它射线， 其他光线是通过递归分割生成的。 当遇到预定条件时，射线被分裂，并且其中被分裂的射线中的每个射线沿选定的方向被引导。 射线追踪器包括一个低差异序列发生器，一个条件检测器和一个射线发生器。 低差异序列发生器被配置为生成至少一个低差异序列的元素。 条件检测器被配置为针对射线树中的一个射线确定射线中的一个是否遇到预定条件。 射线发生器被配置为当条件检测器与一条光线相结合时确定正确时，沿着由相应的方向值确定的分割方向产生分割光线的选定数量“M”。

公开(公告)号：US07240325B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

申请号：US10241189

申请日：2002-09-11

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06F9/44

CPC分类号： G06F9/5061 ,  H04L41/12 ,  H04L41/5054

摘要： A technique for generating a topology associated with a computing environment comprises the following steps/operations. First, components in the computing environment and their dependencies are identified. Identification comprises computing and traversing at least a portion of a model representative of an existence of one or more relationships associated with at least a portion of the components of the computing environment and which is capable of accounting for a full lifecycle (e.g., including deployment, installation and runtime) associated with at least one component of the computing environment. Then, the one or more identified components are presented in a topological representation based on the one or more relationships associated with the one or more identified components. The topological representation comprises a functional plane, a structural plane and an operational plane respectively corresponding to at least a portion of a functional categorization, a structural categorization and an operational categorization of the model. By way of example, the inventive techniques may be applied to a distributed computing environment. The computing environment may also be an autonomic computing environment.

摘要翻译： 用于生成与计算环境相关联的拓扑的技术包括以下步骤/操作。 首先，确定计算环境中的组件及其依赖关系。 识别包括计算和遍历代表与计算环境的组件的至少一部分相关联的一个或多个关系的存在的模型的至少一部分，并且能够计算整个生命周期（例如，包括部署， 安装和运行时）与计算环境的至少一个组件相关联。 然后，基于与一个或多个所识别的组件相关联的一个或多个关系，以拓扑表示形式呈现一个或多个所识别的组件。 拓扑表示包括分别对应于模型的功能分类，结构分类和操作分类的至少一部分的功能平面，结构平面和操作平面。 作为示例，本发明的技术可以应用于分布式计算环境。 计算环境也可以是自主计算环境。

公开(公告)号：US07236171B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-26

申请号：US10299954

申请日：2002-11-19

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for an image using a selected ray-tracing methodology in which simulated rays are shot from the pixel into a scene, the simulated rays representing paths of simulated photons, the pixel value being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera. The computer graphics system comprises a subdomain generator, a subdomain photon evaluator, an area value generator and a radiance value generator. The subdomain generator, for a query point “x” in the scene, and a selected number “k” of photons, generates a set of “M” subdomains Di on a disk D of radius r(Bk(x)) centered at the query point “x” that is tangent to a minimal sphere around point “x” that encompasses “k” photons, such that ⋃ i = 0 M - 1 ⁢ D i = D ⁢ ⁢ and ⁢ ⁢ D i ⋂ D j ≠ 0 ⁢ ⁢ for ⁢ ⁢ i ≠ j , ⁢ where ⁢ ⁢  D i  =  D  M = π ⁢ ⁢ r 2 ⁡ ( B k ⁡ ( x ) ) M . The subdomain photon evaluator identifies the subset P of subdomains which contain a point xi|D, P = { D i ❘ D i ⋂ { x i ⁢  D  ⁢ i ∈ B k ⁡ ( x ) } ≠ 0 } , where xi|D refers to a position of photon “i” projected onto the disk D along its angle of incidence ωi. The area value generator generates an area value A according to A = π ⁢ ⁢ r 2 ⁡ ( B k ⁡ ( x ) ) ⁢  P  M , where |P| refers to the number of sub-domains in the subset P. The radiance value generator generates a radiance value Lr(x,ω) along selected angle ω in accordance with L _ r ⁡ ( x , ω ) ≈ 1 A ⁢ ∑ i ∈ B k ⁡ ( x ) ⁢ f r ⁡ ( ω i , x , ω ) ⁢ Φ i , where Φi represents the energy of the “i-th” photon.

公开(公告)号：US07230618B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-12

申请号：US10299959

申请日：2002-11-19

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06F7/58

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel value being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera, the computer graphics system comprising a photon map generator, a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The photon map generator is configured to a plurality of photon maps, each photon map being associated with a respective point in time during a time interval. The sample point generator is configured to generate a set of sample points in accordance with a selected low-discrepancy sequence, each sample point representing a respective point in time during the time interval. The function evaluator is configured to generate at least one value representing an evaluation of a selected function using selected ones of the photon maps associated with respective ones of the points in time associated with the sample points generated by the sample point generator, the value generated by the function evaluator corresponding to the pixel value.

摘要翻译： 计算机图形系统为图像中的像素生成像素值，像素值表示被记录在模拟相机的图像平面上的场景中的点，该计算机图形系统包括光子图生成器，采样点 生成器和函数求值器。 光子图生成器被配置为多个光子图，每个光子图与时间间隔内的相应时间点相关联。 采样点发生器被配置为根据选择的低差异序列生成一组采样点，每个采样点表示在时间间隔期间的相应时间点。 功能评估器被配置为使用与由采样点发生器生成的采样点相关联的时间点中的相应点的相关联的光子图中选择的光子图来生成表示所选择的函数的评估的至少一个值， 函数评估器对应于像素值。