公开(公告)号：US4230368A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-28

申请号：US11631

申请日：1979-02-12

申请人： James M. Cleary, Jr.

发明人： James M. Cleary, Jr.

IPC分类号： E02F1/00 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B43/263 ,  E21B43/267 ,  E21C41/00 ,  E21C41/04 ,  E21C41/12

CPC分类号： E21D13/00 ,  E02F1/00 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B43/263 ,  E21B43/267 ,  E21C41/24 ,  E21C41/31 ,  E21C41/32

摘要： A method for elevating extremely large blocks of earth by displacement with a slurry composed of water and locally excavated materials. The blocks are separated on lateral faces by variously drilling, jetting, fracturing, and kerf cutting operations. The blocks are separated at the lower end by notching and hydraulic fracturing. Block movement is started by injecting gelled fluid into the narrow separations.In one set of applications the high density slurry filling the side clearances is less dense than the block being elevated. In these cases the earth blocks are displaced upward by injecting fluid into the underside, and the non hydrostatic component of the displacement pressure is contained by the gel strength of the slurry filling the narrow side clearance. In a second set of applications the blocks being elevated contain a high percentage of coal, and slurry filling the side clearances exceeds the block density. The blocks are then displaced upward by hydrostatic pressure. The method has a wide range of applications which include elevating a block and cementing it in place to form a storage cavity, elevating a block and fragmenting a hydrocarbon containing section into the resulting cavity in preparation for in situ recovery of hydrocarbons, and elevating a block to recover the coal contained in the block.

摘要翻译： 一种利用由水和局部挖掘材料组成的浆料通过位移提升极大块土方法。 通过各种钻孔，喷射，压裂和切割切割操作，在侧面上分开块体。 块体在下端分开开槽和水力压裂。 通过将凝胶流体注入窄间隔开始进行块运动。 在一组应用中，填充侧面间隙的高密度浆料比被提升的块较不致密。 在这些情况下，通过将流体注入下侧，土块被向上移位，并且位移压力的非静压分量由填充窄侧间隙的浆料的凝胶强度所包含。 在第二组应用中，升高的块含有高百分比的煤，并且填充侧面间隙的浆料超过块密度。 然后通过静水压力向上移动块。 该方法具有广泛的应用，包括提升块体并将其固结到位以形成储存空腔，升高块体并将含烃段断裂成所得到的空腔，以准备原位回收烃类，并提升块体 以收回块中所含的煤。

公开(公告)号：US4202412A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-13

申请号：US920237

申请日：1978-06-29

申请人： Arnold M. Ruskin

发明人： Arnold M. Ruskin

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21C41/10

CPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21C41/24

摘要： When processing a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale for recovering liquid and gaseous values, a portion of the oil shale is thermally metamorphosed. However, a zone of non-thermally metamorphosed particles can be left in the fragmented mass after completion of processing. To inhibit leaching by water of water-soluble constituents of such non-thermally metamorphosed particles, a heating fluid, such as a mixture of fuel and an oxygen-containing gas, is introduced to the fragmented mass containing non-thermally metamorphosed particles for heating at least a portion of the non-metamorphosed particles to a sufficiently high temperature for forming water-insoluble metamorphic minerals at at least the surfaces of such particles.

摘要翻译： 当处理含有油页岩的碎片可渗透物质以回收液体和气体值时，一部分油页岩是热变质的。 然而，在热处理完成之后，可以将碎片化块中的非热变质颗粒的区域留下。 为了抑制这种非热变质颗粒的水溶性成分的水的浸出，将加热流体（例如燃料和含氧气体的混合物）引入到含有非热变质颗粒的碎裂物质中，以加热 至少一部分非变质颗粒达到足够高的温度，以在至少这种颗粒的表面上形成水不溶性变质矿物。

公开(公告)号：US4199026A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-22

申请号：US925178

申请日：1978-07-17

申请人： John D. McCollum

发明人： John D. McCollum

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B47/12 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B47/06

CPC分类号： E21B47/12 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B49/00

摘要： Disclosed is a method for detecting the flame front during the in situ combustion of a subterranean carbonaceous stratum which involves providing one or more radio transmitters below the surface of the ground, each of said transmitters being capable of sensing and transmitting information concerning the physical and chemical properties of its surroundings, and monitoring said transmissions as an indication of the extent and movement of said flame front. Also disclosed is a method for detecting non-uniform packing characteristics of rubblized material which involves providing one or more radio transmitters within the boundaries of a retort capable of sensing and transmitting information concerning the physical parameters of its surroundings, and monitoring said transmissions as an indication of the size and density distributions of the rubble in said retort.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在地下碳质层的原位燃烧期间检测火焰前沿的方法，其涉及在地面表面之下提供一个或多个无线电发射机，每个所述发射机能够感测和传送关于物理和化学的信息 其周围的特性，以及监测所述变速器作为所述火焰前沿的程度和运动的指示。 还公开了一种用于检测碎化材料的不均匀包装特性的方法，该方法涉及在能够感测和传送关于其周围环境的物理参数的信息的蒸馏器的边界内提供一个或多个无线电发射机，并监视所述传输作为指示 在所述蒸馏器中的瓦砾的尺寸和密度分布。

公开(公告)号：US4192381A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-11

申请号：US964146

申请日：1978-11-28

申请人： Chang Y. Cha

发明人： Chang Y. Cha

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21C41/24

摘要： Liquid and gaseous products are recovered from an in situ oil shale retort containing a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles by establishing a combustion zone in the fragmented permeable mass of particles. The combustion zone is advanced through the fragmented mass of particles by introducing a retort inlet mixture comprising oxygen into the retort on the trailing side of the combustion zone. The retort inlet mixture is maintained at a sufficiently high temperature of at least 1150.degree. F. so that the temperature of at least a portion of the fragmented mass on the trailing side of the combustion zone is maintained at a temperature of at least 1150.degree. F. for increasing the yield of hydrocarbon products obtained from the retort.

摘要翻译： 液体和气态产物通过在碎片可渗透的颗粒物质中建立燃烧区从原位含油页岩蒸馏器中回收，该原油油页岩蒸馏器含有碎裂的可渗透物质的地层颗粒。 通过将包含氧的蒸馏入口混合物引入到燃烧区的后侧的蒸馏器中，将燃烧区推进通过碎片的颗粒。 蒸馏入口混合物保持在至少1150°F的足够高的温度，使得燃烧区尾部的至少一部分碎裂质量的温度保持在至少1150°F 用于提高从蒸馏器获得的烃产物的产率。

公开(公告)号：US4181177A

公开(公告)日：1980-01-01

申请号：US878668

申请日：1978-02-17

申请人： Leslie E. Compton

发明人： Leslie E. Compton

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/34 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21C41/10

CPC分类号： E21B43/34 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21C41/24 ,  Y10T137/0335

摘要： A crude shale oil is produced by in situ retorting of oil shale in a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale. A combustion zone is advanced through the fragmented mass by introducing an oxygen containing gas to the mass on the trailing side of the combustion zone and withdrawing an off gas from the fragmented mass on the advancing side of the combustion zone. Gas flow advances the combustion zone through the fragmented mass and transfers heat of combustion to a retorting zone on the advancing side of the combustion zone. Kerogen in oil shale in the retorting zone is decomposed to produce gaseous and liquid products including crude shale oil. Crude shale oil produced by such a process and having characteristics described herein is withdrawn from the fragmented mass on the advancing side of the retorting zone. A fraction, such as a low boiling fraction, a paraffin fraction, or a high boiling, paraffin rich fraction, is separated from a first portion of such crude shale oil to produce a modified shale oil having a pour point different from the pour point of the crude shale oil. The separated fraction is mixed with a second portion of shale oil to produce a blended shale oil having a pour point different from the pour point of the second portion of shale oil.

摘要翻译： 原油页岩油通过在包含油页岩的地下地层中的原位油页岩蒸馏器中的片状可渗透的含有油页岩的地层颗粒的块状渗透物质中原位蒸馏油页岩来生产。 通过向燃烧区的尾侧的质量引入含氧气体并从燃烧区的前进侧的碎裂物质排出废气，将燃烧区推进通过碎裂物质。 燃气流使燃烧区通过分散的物质，并将燃烧热传递到燃烧区前进侧的蒸煮区。 在蒸馏区的油页岩中的腐质原子被分解以产生包括粗页岩油的气态和液体产物。 通过这种方法生产并具有本文所述特征的原油页岩油从蒸馏区前进侧的碎裂物质中排出。 从这种粗页岩油的第一部分中分离出一些馏分，例如低沸点馏分，链烷烃馏分或高沸点富石蜡馏分，以产生具有不同于倾点的倾点的改性页岩油 原油页岩油。 将分离的馏分与页岩油的第二部分混合以产生具有不同于第二部分页岩油的倾点的倾点的混合页岩油。

公开(公告)号：US4167213A

公开(公告)日：1979-09-11

申请号：US925064

申请日：1978-07-17

申请人： Richard A. Stoltz ,  Albert C. Metrailer

发明人： Richard A. Stoltz ,  Albert C. Metrailer

IPC分类号： E21B43/16 ,  E21B43/243 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B47/12

CPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21C41/24

摘要： A passive method for locating the position and inclination of a flame front, within an oil-shale retort of known dimensions and location during an in situ combustion of the retort involving detecting the sound generated by the flame front, by two matched detectors separated by a fixed known distance. The pair of matched detectors are suspended vertically in a liquid-filled well which was drilled essentially parallel to the side wall of the retort. The outputs of the two detectors are fed directly to a differential amplifier and the resulting difference signal is monitored as a function of depth as the pair of detectors are raised and/or lowered in the well. The minimum in this signal corresponds to the position of the flame front within the retort. Repeated measurements in various observation wells establish the inclination of the flame front.

摘要翻译： 一种被动的方法，用于定位火焰前沿的位置和倾角，在已知尺寸和位置的油页岩蒸煮器中，在原位燃烧蒸馏器期间涉及检测由火焰前沿产生的声音，由两个匹配的检测器分离， 固定已知距离。 一对匹配的检测器垂直悬挂在基本上平行于蒸馏器侧壁的液体填充的井中。 两个检测器的输出被直接馈送到差分放大器，并且所产生的差分信号作为深度的函数被监测，因为该对检测器在井中升高和/或降低。 该信号中的最小值对应于蒸馏器内火焰前端的位置。 各种观察井中的重复测量确定了火焰前沿的倾角。

公开(公告)号：US4163475A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-07

申请号：US898773

申请日：1978-04-21

申请人： Chang Y. Cha ,  William J. Bartel

发明人： Chang Y. Cha ,  William J. Bartel

IPC分类号： E21B43/16 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B47/00

CPC分类号： E21C41/24 ,  E21B43/16 ,  E21B43/247

摘要： A processing zone advances through a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale. The fragmented mass has layers of formation particles of differing composition, such as kerogen content, corresponding to strata of differing composition in the formation. The processing zone advances in a direction substantially perpendicular to such layers in the fragmented mass. Kerogen in oil shale is decomposed to produce gaseous and liquid products including shale oil, and shale oil is withdrawn from the retort. At least one characteristic of the shale oil withdrawn from the retort varies in response to differences in composition of such layers of formation particles through which the processing zone advances. Such a characteristic can be a physical property of the shale oil such as viscosity or specific gravity, or a chemical property such as sulfur content or trace metal content. To determine the locus of the processing zone with respect to such layers in the fragmented mass, formation is analyzed for defining the locus of at least one such layer in the fragmented mass before retorting, and shale oil withdrawn from the retort is monitored for variation of such a characteristic corresponding to advancement of the processing zone through such a layer in the fragmented mass.

摘要翻译： 处理区通过含有油页岩的片状可渗透物质在含有油页岩的地下地层中的原位油页岩蒸馏器中前进。 破碎物料具有不同组成的成层颗粒层，例如干酪根含量，对应于地层中不同组成的层。 处理区域在基本垂直于碎片状物质中的这些层的方向前进。 油页岩中的Kerogen被分解以产生包括页岩油的气态和液体产物，并且页岩油从蒸馏器中排出。 从蒸馏器中取出的页岩油的至少一个特征是响应于处理区前进的地层颗粒层的组成差异而变化的。 这种特征可以是页岩油的物理性质，例如粘度或比重，或化学性质如硫含量或痕量金属含量。 为了确定处理区域相对于碎裂物质中的这些层的位置，分析形成以确定在蒸煮之前的碎裂物质中的至少一个这样的层的位点，并且监测从蒸馏器中取出的页岩油的变化 这种特征对应于处理区域通过碎裂块中的这种层的进展。

公开(公告)号：US4148529A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-10

申请号：US869668

申请日：1978-01-16

申请人： Robert S. Burton, III

发明人： Robert S. Burton, III

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21C41/24 ,  E21C41/10

CPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21B47/1005 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  E21C41/24

摘要： The locus of a processing zone advancing through a fragmented permeable mass of particles in an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale and which generates an effluent fluid is determined by placing an indicator source for providing an indicator, and monitoring effluent fluid from the processing zone for presence of indicator. The indicator source provides indicator at a predetermind temperature.

摘要翻译： 通过放置用于提供指示剂的指示剂源并监测流出液体来确定处理区的轨迹，该处理区通过位于含有油页岩的地层中的原位油页岩蒸馏器中的片状可渗透颗粒进入并产生流出液体的位置， 来自加工区的存在指标。 指示剂源以预定温度提供指示剂。

公开(公告)号：US4147388A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-03

申请号：US867090

申请日：1978-01-05

申请人： Gordon B. French

发明人： Gordon B. French

IPC分类号： E21B43/247 ,  E21C41/24 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21C41/10

CPC分类号： E21C41/24 ,  E21B43/247

摘要： A tunnel is formed above an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean deposit containing oil shale. A void is excavated in the retort site and remaining deposit in the retort site is fragmented by explosively expanding toward the void to form a subterranean cavity containing a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale. The top of the fragmented mass is spaced downwardly from the tunnel to leave therebetween a pillar of unfragmented deposit. A retorting gas is introduced into the retort through a plurality of sloping passages from the tunnel for retorting oil shale in the fragmented mass. The liquid and gaseous products of such retorting are removed from the bottom of the retort. A portion of the carbonaceous products are used for generating electricity. In working a large area of deposit, a plurality of retorts are arranged in rows and columns. The tunnel is part of a tunnel system communicating with the tops of the retorts and having a peripheral double entry tunnel surrounding the rows and columns of retorts. Tunnel systems are also provided at a level adjacent the bottom of the retorts and at a level between the bottom and top.

摘要翻译： 在含有油页岩的地下沉积物中的原位油页岩蒸馏器上方形成隧道。 在蒸馏处理场中挖出一个空隙，并通过向空隙膨胀而形成一个包含含有油页岩的颗粒碎片的可渗透物质的地下空间，从而使蒸馏区内剩余的沉积物碎裂。 破碎的物体的顶部与隧道隔开，在其间留下未碎片沉积物的柱子。 蒸馏气体通过来自隧道的多个倾斜通道引入蒸馏器中，用于在分散的料块中蒸馏油页岩。 这种蒸馏物的液体和气体产物从蒸馏器的底部移除。 一部分碳质产品用于发电。 在工作大面积的沉积物中，多个蒸馏器以行和列排列。 隧道是隧道系统的一部分，与隧道的顶部通信，并且具有围绕蒸馏器的行和列的外围双入口通道。 隧道系统也提供在邻近蒸馏器底部的水平面上，并且位于底部和顶部之间的水平面上。

公开(公告)号：US4125157A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-14

申请号：US814991

申请日：1977-07-12

申请人： Richard D. Ridley

发明人： Richard D. Ridley

IPC分类号： B01D53/14 ,  B01D53/50 ,  E21B43/247 ,  E21B43/34 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21C41/10

CPC分类号： E21B43/34 ,  B01D53/1481 ,  B01D53/1493 ,  B01D53/508 ,  E21B43/247

摘要： Sulfur dioxide is removed from a gas stream by passing the gas through retorted oil shale particles containing alkaline earth metal oxides.

摘要翻译： 通过使气体通过含有碱土金属氧化物的蒸馏油页岩颗粒从气流中除去二氧化硫。