公开(公告)号：US20140151566A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14114661

申请日：2012-05-02

申请人： David Ramsden ,  Calvin Giles

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Calvin Giles

IPC分类号： G01T3/00

CPC分类号： G01T3/001 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0091

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is described. The spectrometer includes a first conversion screen (8) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a first wavelength-shifting light-guide (14) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the first conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons therefrom and a first photodetector (22) optically coupled to the first wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons. The spectrometer further includes a second conversion screen (12) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a second wavelength-shifting light-guide (16) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the second conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons there-from, and a second photodetector (24) optically coupled to the second wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons. A neutron moderator material is arranged between the first and second conversion screens to moderate neutrons.

摘要翻译： 描述了中子谱仪。 光谱仪包括包含中子吸收材料和磷光体材料的第一转换屏（8），第一波长移动光导（14），布置成从第一转换屏的荧光体材料接收光子并产生波长偏移的光子 以及第一光电检测器（22），其光耦合到第一波长移位光导并被布置成检测波长偏移的光子。 光谱仪还包括包括中子吸收材料和磷光体材料的第二转换屏幕（12），第二波长移动光导（16），布置成从第二转换屏幕的磷光体材料接收光子并产生波长偏移 以及第二光电检测器（24），光电耦合到第二波长移位光导并且被布置成检测波长偏移的光子。 中子调节剂材料布置在第一和第二转换屏之间以适中的中子。

公开(公告)号：US08319188B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-27

申请号：US12375918

申请日：2007-07-19

申请人： David Ramsden ,  Christopher David Henry Burt

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Christopher David Henry Burt

IPC分类号： G01T1/20 ,  H01L27/146

CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  G01T1/2907 ,  G01T7/00

摘要： A portable gamma-ray detector for indicating the intensity of a source of gamma-rays, the nature of the source, and the direction to the source relative to an axis of the detector. The detector comprises a plurality of scintillation bodies arranged around the pointing axis, for example four scintillation bodies in a two-by-two array and separated from each other by aluminum foil. Thus gamma-rays from different directions are shielded from different ones of the scintillation bodies by the other scintillation bodies. The scintillation bodies are coupled to respective photo-detectors and a processing circuit is configured to receive output signals from the photo-detectors and to provide an indication of the direction to a source relative to the pointing axis of the detector based on the relative output signals from the different photo-detectors. The processing circuit is further operable to determine the intensity of the source from the magnitudes of the output signals, and the nature of the source from a spectral analysis of the output signals.

摘要翻译： 用于指示伽马射线源的强度，源的性质以及相对于检测器的轴的到源的方向的便携式γ射线检测器。 检测器包括围绕指向轴布置的多个闪烁体，例如两个二列阵列中的四个闪烁体，并且由铝箔彼此分离。 因此，来自不同方向的伽马射线被其它闪烁体从不同的闪烁体屏蔽。 闪烁体耦合到相应的光电检测器，并且处理电路被配置为从光电检测器接收输出信号，并且基于相对输出信号提供相对于检测器的指向轴的方向的指示 从不同的光电探测器。 处理电路还可操作以根据输出信号的幅度和来自输出信号的频谱分析的源的性质来确定源的强度。

公开(公告)号：US10310102B2

公开(公告)日：2019-06-04

申请号：US15100771

申请日：2014-11-28

申请人： Symetrica Limited

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Mark Abbott Foster

IPC分类号： G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/169

摘要： A gamma-ray detector for determining the direction to a source of gamma-rays is described. The detector comprises a first scintillation body coupled to a first photodetector and a second scintillation body coupled to a second photodetector, wherein the first scintillation body and the second scintillation body are arranged to be co-axial with a pointing axis of the detector. The detector further comprises a processing circuit arranged to receive output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for a plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to a reference direction. The processing circuit is further operable to determine a direction to the source of gamma-rays relative to the reference direction based on output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for the plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to the reference direction.

公开(公告)号：US20150316665A1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-05

申请号：US14417552

申请日：2013-06-20

申请人： Symetrica Limited

发明人： David Ramsden

IPC分类号： G01T7/00 ,  G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/36 ,  G01T1/24

CPC分类号： G01T7/005 ,  G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/247 ,  G01T1/366 ,  G01T1/40

摘要： A calibration source for a gamma-ray spectrometer is provided. The calibration source comprises a scintillator body having a cavity in which a radioactive material is received. The scintillator body may be generally cuboid and the cavity may be formed by a hole drilled into the scintillator body. The radioactive material comprises a radioactive isotope having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and a gamma-ray having a known energy e.g. Na-22. A photodetector, for example a silicon photomultiplier, is optically coupled to the scintillator body and arranged to detect scintillation photons generated when radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material interact with the surrounding scintillator bod. A gating circuit is arranged to receive detection signals from the photodetector and to generate corresponding gating signals for a data acquisition circuit of an associated gamma-ray spectrometer to indicate that gamma-ray detections in the gamma-ray spectrometer occurring within a time window defined by the gating signal are associated with a decay transition in the radioactive isotope. Thus a calibration source is provided based around a simple scintillator body design. Furthermore, the radioactive material may be introduced into the scintillator body in a separate step after manufacture of the scintillator body, thereby reducing the risk of radioactive contamination during manufacture.

摘要翻译： 提供了一个伽马射线光谱仪的校准源。 校准源包括具有容纳放射性物质的空腔的闪烁体。 闪烁体主体通常可以是长方体，并且可以通过钻入闪烁体的孔形成空腔。 放射性物质包括具有与辐射颗粒的发射有关的衰变过渡的放射性同位素和具有已知能量的γ射线。 Na-22。 光电检测器，例如硅光电倍增管，被光学耦合到闪烁体，并被布置成检测当从放射性物质发射的辐射颗粒与周围的闪烁体体相互作用时产生的闪烁光子。 选通电路被布置成接收来自光电检测器的检测信号并且产生用于相关联的伽马射线光谱仪的数据采集电路的对应门控信号，以指示伽马射线光谱仪中的γ射线检测在由 门控信号与放射性同位素的衰变过渡相关。 因此，基于简单的闪烁器体设计来提供校准源。 此外，在制造闪烁体之后，放射性物质可以在单独的步骤中被引入闪烁体，从而降低制造期间的放射性污染的风险。

公开(公告)号：US08384016B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US13120153

申请日：2009-07-28

申请人： David Ramsden

发明人： David Ramsden

IPC分类号： G01D18/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/40

摘要： A calibration source comprises a radioactive material comprising a radioactive isotope having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and gamma-rays having a known energy and a solid-state detector, arranged to receive radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material. A gating circuit is coupled to the solid-state detector and is operable to generate a gating signal in response to detection of a radiation particle in the solid-state detector. The gating signal may thus be used as an indicator that an energy deposit in a nearby gamma-ray spectrometer is associated with a decay transitions in the radioactive isotope. Since these energy deposits are of a known energy, they can be used as reference points to calibrate the spectrometer response. Thus with calibration sources according to embodiments of the invention, spectral stabilization may be performed in real time and in parallel with obtaining a spectrum of observed signal events.

摘要翻译： 校准源包括放射性材料，其包括具有与放射性粒子的发射相关的衰变跃迁的放射性同位素和具有已知能量的γ射线和固体状态检测器，被布置为接收从放射性物质发射的辐射粒子。 门控电路耦合到固态检测器，并且可操作以响应于固态检测器中的辐射粒子的检测而产生门控信号。 因此，选通信号可以用作附近伽马射线分光计中的能量沉积与放射性同位素中的衰变跃迁相关联的指标。 由于这些能量沉积物是已知的能量，它们可以用作参考点来校准光谱仪响应。 因此，利用根据本发明的实施例的校准源，可以实时地和与获得观测信号事件的频谱并行地执行频谱稳定。

公开(公告)号：US10126442B2

公开(公告)日：2018-11-13

申请号：US14378156

申请日：2013-02-13

申请人： Symetrica Limited

发明人： David Ramsden

IPC分类号： G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/20

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is described. The neutron detector comprises a conversion layer provided on an outer surface of a spherical core of neutron-moderating material. The conversion layer comprises a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material. The spherical core is arranged to receive photons emitted from the phosphor material of the conversion layer. The neutron detector further comprises a photodetector optically coupled to the spherical core and arranged to detect the photons emitted from the conversion layer.

公开(公告)号：US09720111B2

公开(公告)日：2017-08-01

申请号：US14188651

申请日：2014-02-24

申请人： SYMETRICA LIMITED

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Mark Abbott Foster

IPC分类号： G01T3/08 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01N23/09 ,  G01T1/20

CPC分类号： G01T3/06 ,  G01N23/09 ,  G01N2223/045 ,  G01N2223/301 ,  G01N2223/505 ,  G01T1/2018 ,  G01T3/08 ,  G01V5/0091

摘要： An apparatus comprises a neutron detector. The neutron detector comprises a conversion layer comprising a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material; and a photodetector optically coupled to the conversion layer and arranged to detect photons generated as a result of neutron absorption events in the conversion layer; wherein the apparatus is adapted to be carried by a user and the conversion layer is positioned within the neutron detector such that when the apparatus is being carried by a user in normal use neutrons are absorbed in the conversion layer after passing through the user such that the user's body provides a neutron moderating effect. In some cases the apparatus may be carried in association with a backpack or clothing worn by a user, for example, the neutron detector may be sized to fit in a pocket. In other cases the apparatus may be a hand-held device with the conversion layer arranged within a handle of the device to be gripped by a user when being carried.

公开(公告)号：US20170090049A1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-30

申请号：US15310896

申请日：2015-04-28

申请人： Symetrica Limited

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Mark Abbott Foster

IPC分类号： G01T3/06

CPC分类号： G01T3/06

摘要： A neutron detector comprises one or more neutron detector modules (20). Each neutron detector module (20) comprises a neutron moderating block (22) having a plurality of neutron detector blades (2) embedded therein. Each neutron detector blade (2) is generally planar and comprises conversion layers on either side of a light-guiding sheet (8). Each conversion layer (4a, 4b) comprises a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material. This light-guiding sheet (8) is arranged to receive photons emitted from the scintillation material. A photodetector (10) is optically coupled to the light-guide (8) and arranged to detect photons generated in the conversion layers (4a, 4b) as a result of neutron absorption events and received into the light-guiding sheet (8).

公开(公告)号：US07683336B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-23

申请号：US12300287

申请日：2007-03-16

申请人： David Ramsden ,  Christopher David Henry Burt

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Christopher David Henry Burt

IPC分类号： G01T1/20

CPC分类号： G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/2002 ,  G01T1/362

摘要： A gamma-ray detector (42, 52, 72, 92) comprising a large-area plastic scintillation body (44, 64, 74, 94) and a photon detector (38, 58, 68, 78) optically coupled to the scintillation body to receive and detect photons (P1, P2, P3) generated by gamma-ray interactions. Selected portions of the scintillation body surface are provided with a reflective layer (46, 60, 80) in planar contact with the scintillation body. Other regions are not provided with a reflective layer. Thus specular reflection is promoted in at the surfaces provided with the reflective layer, while total internal reflection may occur in the regions which are not provided with a reflective layer, hi a scintillation body generally in the form of a plank, the photon detector is coupled to one end, and the regions provided with the reflective layer are the edges of the plank. The scintillation body may be shaped so that it reduced in cross section in a direction away from the photon detector. The spectrometer may include photon detectors coupled to both ends of the scintillation body.

摘要翻译： 包括大面积塑料闪烁体（44,64,74,94）和光学耦合到闪烁体的光子检测器（38,58,68,78）的伽马射线检测器（42,52,72,92） 以接收和检测由γ射线相互作用产生的光子（P1，P2，P3）。 闪烁体表面的选定部分设置有与闪烁体平面接触的反射层（46,60,80）。 其他区域没有设置反射层。 因此，在设置有反射层的表面上促进了镜面反射，而在没有设置反射层的区域中可能发生全内反射。在通常为板状的闪烁体中，光子检测器被耦合 并且设置有反射层的区域是板条的边缘。 闪烁体可以被成形为使得其在远离光子检测器的方向上减小横截面。 光谱仪可以包括耦合到闪烁体的两端的光子检测器。

公开(公告)号：US07547887B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-16

申请号：US11597535

申请日：2005-05-13

申请人： David Ramsden ,  Matthew Dallimore

发明人： David Ramsden ,  Matthew Dallimore

IPC分类号： G01T1/203

CPC分类号： G01T1/362 ,  G01T1/203

摘要： A gamma ray detector (50) comprises a plastic scintillation body (52) arranged to receive incident gamma rays to be detected. Photons are generated in response to the gamma rays by excitation and de-excitation processes in the scintillation body. The photons are detected using at least one photodetector (56) which generates an output signal representative of the energy of the gamma rays. The scintillation body has a detection surface to receive the gamma rays and a thickness in a direction substantially orthogonal to the detection surface that is not greater than 5 cm. Deconvolution techniques can be used to improve the output signal; the thinness of the scintillation body allows sufficiently accurate results to be obtained that individual isotopes can be readily identified. The detector can be usefully employed in portal radiation monitors.

摘要翻译： 伽马射线检测器（50）包括布置成接收待检测的入射伽马射线的塑料闪烁体（52）。 光子通过闪烁体中的激发和去激发过程响应伽马射线而产生。 使用至少一个光电检测器（56）检测光子，该光电检测器产生代表伽马射线能量的输出信号。 闪烁体具有用于接收伽马射线的检测表面和与检测表面基本正交的方向上的厚度不大于5cm。 去卷积技术可以用来改善输出信号; 闪烁体的薄度允许获得足够准确的结果，可以容易地识别各个同位素。 检测器可以有用地用于门式辐射监测器。