公开(公告)号：US4343606A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-10

申请号：US120651

申请日：1980-02-11

申请人： David W. Blair ,  William Bartok ,  John P. Longwell ,  Adel F. Sarofim

发明人： David W. Blair ,  William Bartok ,  John P. Longwell ,  Adel F. Sarofim

IPC分类号： F23C6/04 ,  F23M1/00

CPC分类号： F23C6/04

摘要： Fuels containing fixed-nitrogen chemical species are combusted in a multi-stage process. The process which converts substantially all of the fixed-nitrogen into molecular nitrogen (and thus avoids the formation of significant amounts of nitrogen oxides from the fixed-nitrogen) consists of four steps: (a) mixing said fuel with at least one first oxidizing agent in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of said fuel to said oxidizing agent is at least about 1.4; (b) partially combusting the mixture resulting from step (a) in at least one first stage at a first temperature of about 1850.degree. to about 2150.degree. K., with a residence time of at least 0.03 second; (c) mixing the combustion products resulting from step (b) with at least one second oxidizing agent in an amount such that the equivalence ratio of combustion products to the total amount of oxidizing agents in the mixture will be about 1.0 or less, such mixing taking place under conditions such that the temperature of the mixture will not exceed about 1800.degree. K.; and (d) completely combusting the mixture resulting from step (c) in at least one second stage at a second temperature of less than about 1800.degree. K.

摘要翻译： 含有固氮化学物质的燃料在多级过程中燃烧。 基本上将所有固定氮转化成分子氮（从而避免从固定氮中形成大量氮氧化物）的过程由四个步骤组成：（a）将所述燃料与至少一种第一氧化剂 其量使得所述燃料与所述氧化剂的当量比至少为约1.4; （b）在约1850℃至约2150℃的第一温度的至少一个第一阶段部分燃烧由步骤（a）得到的混合物，停留时间至少为0.03秒; （c）将步骤（b）产生的燃烧产物与至少一种第二氧化剂混合，其量使得燃烧产物与混合物中氧化剂总量的当量比为约1.0或更小，这样的混合 在混合物的温度不超过约1800℃的条件下进行; 和（d）在小于约1800°K的第二温度下在至少一个第二阶段中将由步骤（c）得到的混合物完全燃烧。

公开(公告)号：US5425916A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US164430

申请日：1993-12-08

申请人： Janos M. Beer ,  Arslan Kahn ,  Adel F. Sarofim ,  Jan H. Thijssen ,  Majed A. Toqan

发明人： Janos M. Beer ,  Arslan Kahn ,  Adel F. Sarofim ,  Jan H. Thijssen ,  Majed A. Toqan

IPC分类号： G01J3/443 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/01

CPC分类号： G01N21/6402 ,  F23G2207/107 ,  Y10T436/12 ,  Y10T436/19 ,  Y10T436/212

摘要： An apparatus for detecting the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the effluent of a turbulent commercial combustion system for monitoring or controlling the composition of the effluent. The apparatus is a system for directyl selectively detecting the presence in the effluent high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds having five or more rings by laser induced fluorescence. The system includes an illuminating source of select fluorescence excitation of wavelengths that induces substantial fluorescence by high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Sampling structure is constructed to provide optical access to the effluent stream to sample the effluent stream at a select position where high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds having five or more rings may be present in sufficient amounts that the fluorescence from the effluent at the select position at the excitation wavelength is predominantly from high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds having five or more rings, when the high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds are present in sufficient amounts. A detector detects the fluorescent signal from the illuminated effluent and an analyzer analyzes the signal to directly selectively determine the presence of the high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having five or more rings in the effluent.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测湍流商业燃烧系统的流出物中多环芳烃的存在的装置，用于监测或控制流出物的组成。 该装置是通过激光诱导的荧光来选择性地检测具有五个或更多个环的流出物高分子量多环芳族化合物中存在的装置。 该系统包括在气相中通过高分子量多环芳烃诱导基本荧光的波长的选择荧光激发的照明源。 采样结构被构造成提供对流出物流的光学访问以在选择位置对流出物流进行采样，其中具有五个或更多个环的高分子量多环芳族化合物可以以足够的量存在，以使来自选择位置处的流出物的荧光 当高分子量多环芳族化合物以足够的量存在时，激发波长主要来自具有五个或更多个环的高分子量多环芳族化合物。 检测器检测来自被照射流出物的荧光信号，并且分析仪分析信号以直接选择性地确定在流出物中具有五个或更多个环的高分子量多环芳烃的存在。

公开(公告)号：US5206176A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-27

申请号：US591721

申请日：1990-10-02

申请人： Janos Beer ,  Arslan Kahn ,  Adel F. Sarofim ,  Jan H. Thijssen ,  Majed A. Toqan

发明人： Janos Beer ,  Arslan Kahn ,  Adel F. Sarofim ,  Jan H. Thijssen ,  Majed A. Toqan

IPC分类号： G01J3/443 ,  G01N21/64

CPC分类号： G01N21/6402 ,  F23G2207/107 ,  Y10T436/12 ,  Y10T436/19 ,  Y10T436/212

摘要： Detecting the presence of PAC's in the effluent of a combustions system by detecting the presence of a high molecular weight PAC's having five or more rings. A position along the effluent stream is selected at which high molecular weight PAC's may be present. The effluent is illuminated with radiation having a wavelength absorbed by the high molecular weight PAC's in the gas phase. The fluorescence from the illuminated effluent is detected, and analyzed by comparison to the known fluorescence of high molecular weight PAC's in the gas phase to determine the presence of the PAC's in the effluent. The effluent composition may be controlled in response to the detection.

摘要翻译： 通过检测具有五个或更多个环的高分子量PAC的存在来检测燃烧系统流出物中PAC的存在。 选择沿着流出物流的位置，其中可以存在高分子量PAC。 用在气相中的高分子量PAC吸收的波长的辐射照射流出物。 检测来自被照射流出物的荧光，并通过与气相中高分子量PAC的已知荧光进行比较来分析，以确定PAC在流出物中的存在。 可以响应于检测来控制流出物组成。