摘要:
A logging-while-drilling density sensor includes a gamma ray source and at least two NaI detectors spaced apart from the source for determining measurements indicative of the formation density. An acoustic caliper is used for making standoff measurements of the NaI detectors. Measurements made by the detectors are partitioned into standoff bins. An adaptive spine and rib method uses the standoff measurements to obtain density estimates. The method of the invention may also be used with neutron porosity logging devices.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the transformation of measurement while drilling (MWD) data acquired during various time intervals into corresponding equal depth intervals. Once the data are transformed into the depth domain, depth based statistical, filtering sensor resolution matching and depth shifting techniques are utilized. The transformation process maximizes sensor vertical resolution while minimizing observed and statistical errors associated with sensor response.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for nuclear logging, and in particular, neutron porosity logging is presented. In accordance with the present invention, a pair of spaced lithium detectors, preferably Li.sup.6 I crystal or Li.sup.6 doped glass are used to detect neutrons emitted from a borehole formation being logged. In addition, novel data processing is used to determine the neutron count from the spectrum developed by the lithium detectors. This novel data processing comprises fitting a Gaussian curve to the neutron peak of the spectrum. The Gaussian curve does not include the hydrogen absorption peak of the spectrum. The area under this Gaussian curve represents the neutron count. Accordingly, a more accurate neutron count is obtained which does not include gamma rays attributed to hydrogen absorption.
摘要:
This invention provides a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) downhole assembly for use in drilling boreholes which utilizes directional formation evaluation devices on a rotating assembly in conjunction with toolface orientation sensors. The data from the toolface orientation sensors are analyzed by a processor and toolface angle measurements are determined at defined intervals. Formation evaluation sensors operate substantially independently of the toolface orientation sensors and measurements of the formation evaluation sensors are analyzed in combination with the determined toolface angle to obtain formation parameters.
摘要:
Techniques and apparatus for estimating the temporal refractory period of a heart, for adjusting a parameter for delivery of extra-systolic stimulation (ESS) therapy and for detecting an arrhythmia during delivery of ESS therapy In some aspects, probe pulses are periodically delivered to estimate the location of the end boundary of the refractory period, and accordingly estimate its length. In some embodiments, the parameter is adjusted based on estimated length of the refractory period. For example, an extra-systolic interval (ESI) for delivery of ESS is adjusted to be a fixed interval longer than estimated lengths of the refractory period. In other aspects, the parameter is adjusted based on a measured delay (or latency) between delivery of an ESS pulse and detection of an evoked response resulting from the pulse. Also, delays between delivery of an ESS pulse and detection of a subsequent depolarization are monitored to detect an arrhythmia.
摘要:
This invention provides a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) downhole assembly for use in drilling boreholes which utilizes directional formation evaluation devices on a rotating assembly in conjunction with toolface orientation sensors. The data from the toolface orientation sensors are analyzed by a processor and toolface angle measurements are determined at defined intervals. Formation evaluation sensors operate substantially independently of the toolface orientation sensors and measurements of the formation evaluation sensors are analyzed in combination with the determined toolface angle to obtain formation parameters.
摘要:
An NMR logging tool has a conducting permanent magnet with its axis parallel to the borehole axis to produce a static field in a portion of the formation surrounding a borehole that is parallel to the borehole axis. A dipole RF antenna with the dipole axis orthogonal to the borehole axis is used to produce an RF magnetic field orthogonal to the static field. The same antenna is used to receive the echo signals from excited nuclei in the formation. A number of gapped ferrite strips on the permanent magnet shield the permanent magnet from the RF field and enhance the RF field. Another form of the tool may be used for making Measurement-While-Drilling measurements with the permanent magnet set in a recess on a drilling collar.