公开(公告)号：US4524274A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-18

申请号：US405391

申请日：1982-08-05

Applicant: Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Hubert D. Scott

IPC: G01V5/10

CPC classification number: G01V5/107 ,  G01V5/10

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiment of the invention disclosed, a neutron porosity logging tool adapted to log a mud-filled borehole includes one or more pairs of epithermal and/or thermal neutron detectors. The detector count rates are corrected to the effective count rates for fresh water in the borehole by applying thereto empirically-derived correction terms that are functionally related to the hydrogen index of the mud and, in the case of thermal detectors, also to the thermal neutron absorption properties in the mud.

Abstract translation: 在所公开的本发明的说明性实施例中，适用于对准填充钻井的钻孔的中子孔隙测井工具包括一对或多对超热和/或热中子探测器。 检测器计数率通过应用经验导出的与泥浆的氢指数功能相关的经验导出的校正项，并且在热检测器的情况下也适用于热中子，校正到钻孔中的淡水的有效计数率 泥浆中的吸收性能。

公开(公告)号：US4169979A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-02

申请号：US815964

申请日：1977-07-15

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Obie M. Langford ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Obie M. Langford ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01F1/7042 ,  E21B47/1015

Abstract: Formation fluid is activated by a neutron source. A cluster of three gamma ray detectors provides count rate data with the count values varying among the three detectors as dictated by the geometry of the cluster and the angle of displacement of the activated fluid between the time of neutron bombardment and that of gamma ray detection. Measurements at different time intervals following the activation of the fluid may also be interpreted in terms of the speed of horizontal fluid flow past the borehole.

公开(公告)号：US4816674A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-28

申请号：US67898

申请日：1987-06-29

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Flaum ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Flaum ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: G01V5/10

CPC classification number: G01V5/107 ,  G01V5/10

Abstract: A method for determining the porosity of a subsurface geological formation traversed by a borehole is provided. The method generally comprises obtaining a means which relates ranges of apparent formation porosity (.phi..sub.a) as determined by a neutron-neutron log, formation fluid salinities, formation total capture cross sections (.SIGMA.), formation matrix and fluid constituents, and true formation porosity (.phi..sub.T) according to a predetermined equation. The predetermined equation relates the apparent porosity to a function of a modified migration length which is obtained in a semi-empirical manner (i.e. physics modifed by data). The modified migration length includes a slowing down length and a diffusion length, but causes at least the diffusion length to be a function of the slowing down length. The means which relates the apparent porosity to salinity, .SIGMA., matrix and fluid constituents, and .phi..sub.T solves a forward problem. Thus, the inverse problem of determining true porosity may be solved by obtaining determinations of salinity, formation matrix and fluid constituents, .SIGMA., and .phi..sub.a, and using the relating means to provide the true porosity. The provided method properly and separately accounts for the effects of capture cross section and salinity, and can be used to correct the apparent porosity determination of a neutron-neutron tool, regardless of the formation matrix or formation fluid constituents.

公开(公告)号：US4810876A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

申请号：US905371

申请日：1986-09-05

Applicant: Peter D. Wraight ,  Russel C. Hertzog ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Hubert D. Scott ,  Jeffrey S. Schweitzer ,  James A. Grau

Inventor： Peter D. Wraight ,  Russel C. Hertzog ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Hubert D. Scott ,  Jeffrey S. Schweitzer ,  James A. Grau

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/10

Abstract: Logging apparatus and methods for detecting first signals indicative of the absolute concentrations of the first category of elements in the rock matrix, for irradiating the formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons and for detecting a second signal indicative of the relative concentrations of a second category of elements in a rock matrix. The absolute and relative concentrations of a plurality of elements are determined, and this information is used to transform at least one of the relative concentrations into an absolute concentration. One of the measured absolute concentrations is for aluminum, from which correlations are used to determine the absolute concentrations of other, non-measured elements. A tool system for measuring the absolute aluminum concentration includes a californium-252 source and a gamma ray detector having a plurality of windows from which the aluminum count rate can be compensated for interference by manganese activation. A further correction to the aluminum count rate has a functional dependence on the neutron slowing down length in the formation, the formation macroscopic cross section, the borehole microscopic cross section, the bulk density of the formation, and the borehole diameter. When used in conjunction with a density tool sensitve to the effects of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the formation, the techniques of the invention allow the magnesium concentration to be determined.

Abstract translation: 用于检测指示岩石基质中第一类元素的绝对浓度的第一信号的测井装置和方法，用于用高能中子的脉冲照射地层，并用于检测指示第二类别的相对浓度的第二信号 的岩石矩阵中的元素。 确定多个元素的绝对和相对浓度，并且使用该信息将至少一个相对浓度转化为绝对浓度。 测量的绝对浓度之一是铝，其中使用相关性来确定其他未测量元素的绝对浓度。 用于测量绝对铝浓度的工具系统包括ium-252源和具有多个窗口的伽马射线检测器，从其可以通过锰活化来补偿铝计数率的干扰。 对铝计数率的进一步校正对于地层中的中子减慢长度，地层宏观横截面，井眼微观截面，地层的堆积密度和井眼直径具有功能依赖性。 当与对地层中的γ射线的光电吸收的影响敏感的密度工具结合使用时，本发明的技术允许确定镁浓度。

公开(公告)号：US4228350A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-14

申请号：US859357

申请日：1977-12-12

Applicant: Hans J. Paap ,  Albert P. Richter, Jr. ,  Harold E. Peelman ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Hans J. Paap ,  Albert P. Richter, Jr. ,  Harold E. Peelman ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/04 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/616

Abstract: An underground logging tool is equipped with a gamma ray detector encircled by a rotatable shield featuring a collimator slot. After the fluid in a formation is activated by a neutron source, the detector is used to obtain radiation count information as a function of horizontal direction as the shield is rotated. Comparison of count rate data as a function of the shield slot orientation gives information concerning the direction of the formation fluid flow. Measurements at different time intervals following the activation of the fluid, made with the shield retracted from the detector, may also be interpreted in terms of speed of horizontal fluid flow past the tool.

Abstract translation: 一个地下测井工具配有一个伽马射线探测器，该伽马射线探测器由一个具有准直器槽的可旋转护罩环绕。 在地层中的流体被中子源激活之后，当屏蔽旋转时，检测器用于获得作为水平方向的函数的辐射计数信息。 作为屏蔽槽方向的函数的计数率数据的比较给出了关于地层流体流动方向的信息。 使用从检测器退出的护罩制成的流体激活后的不同时间间隔的测量也可以根据水平流体流过工具的速度来解释。

公开(公告)号：US4137452A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-30

申请号：US808422

申请日：1977-06-20

Applicant: Hans J. Paap ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Hans J. Paap ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01V5/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/04 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  G01F1/7042

Abstract: Fluid in permeable earth formations adjacent well casing is irradiated with neutrons to form radioactive tracer isotopes in the chemical elements comprising the fluid, typically sodium 24 in saline subsurface formation water, which decays by emission of gamma rays. By measuring the rate of decay of the radioactive isotope, a measure of horizontal fluid flow in the formation is obtained. Manganese, present in the steel well casing, has been found to also respond to the neutron irradiation by forming the isotope manganese 56 which emits gamma rays which interfere with the gamma radiation measurements of the trace element indicative of water flow. A method of measuring horizontal fluid flow while compensating for the presence of manganese 56 gamma rays is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用中子照射渗透性地层中的流体，以在包含流体的化学元素中形成放射性示踪剂同位素，通常是通过发射γ射线而衰减的盐水地下地层水中的钠24。 通过测量放射性同位素的衰减速率，可以获得地层中水平流体流量的量度。 已经发现存在于钢壳套管中的锰也通过形成同时发生γ射线的同位素锰56来响应中子辐射，这些γ射线干扰了表示水流的微量元素的γ辐射测量。 公开了一种在补偿锰56伽马射线的存在的同时测量水平流体流动的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4051368A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-27

申请号：US698394

申请日：1976-06-21

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/101 ,  E21B47/1015

Abstract: The horizontal flow rate of fluid in permeable earth formations is measured by the in situ creation of a radioactive tracer isotope having a predetermined decay life time and decay mode. Measurements at different time intervals following the creation of the tracer isotope of the decay radiation may then be interpreted in terms of the horizontal movement of fluids past a well borehole. Tracer isotopes to be created are selectively provided for measuring both relatively fast and relatively slow expected values of horizontal flow speed.

公开(公告)号：US4002903A

公开(公告)日：1977-01-11

申请号：US556513

申请日：1975-03-07

Applicant: Robert W. Pitts, Jr. ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Robert W. Pitts, Jr. ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/105

Abstract: Earth formations surrounding a well borehole are repetitively bombarded with bursts of high energy neutrons. A radiation detector in a sonde in the borehole senses the gamma rays induced by the capture of thermal neutrons and sends representative signals to the surface. At the surface electronics, the population of thermal neutron capture gamma rays at two separate and distinct times is measured. The macroscopic thermal neutron capture cross section of the formation may be thus determined and logged. Further, two additional single channel energy analyzers, such as from 1.30 to 2.92 Mev and from 3.43 to 10.0 Mev, sense formation capture gamma ray response over a common time interval following each neutron burst. The measurements made in these two additional single channel analyzers are used to distinguish between the presence of salt water and hydrocarbons in the formation, which is also logged.

Abstract translation: 围绕井眼的地层由高能中子的爆发重复轰击。 在井眼中的探空仪中的辐射探测器感测由热中子捕获引起的伽马射线，并向表面发送代表性的信号。 在表面电子学中，测量了两个分开和不同时间的热中子捕获伽马射线的数量。 因此可以确定和记录地层的宏观热中子捕获截面。 此外，两个另外的单通道能量分析器，例如从1.30至2.92Mev和3.43至10.0Mev，在每个中子爆发之后的公共时间间隔内感测地层捕获伽马射线响应。 在这两个附加单通道分析仪中进行的测量用于区分地层中盐水和碳氢化合物的存在，这也被记录在案。

公开(公告)号：US4486658A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-04

申请号：US403884

申请日：1982-07-30

Applicant: Hubert D. Scott ,  ; Ronald L. Campsey

Inventor： Hubert D. Scott ,  ; Ronald L. Campsey

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V9/02

CPC classification number: G01V5/101 ,  G01V9/02

Abstract: An improved radioactivity well logging sonde for sensing fluid flow in an earthen formation from a borehole traversing the formation in which the borehole also contains salt water includes a neutron source for irradiating the earthen formation with neutrons and a detector assembly which detects gamma radiation from the earth formation. The sonde also includes circuitry which processes pulses from the detector assembly to be provided uphole by way of a well logging cable. The sonde includes apparatus spatially arranged with the detector assembly which displaces salt water in the borehole so that there is substantially no salt water between the side of the borehole and the detector assembly. The improved well logging sonde also permits vertical fluid flow measurements in an earthen formation as well as the conventional horizontal fluid flow.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的放射性测井探头，用于感测来自穿过地层的钻孔的土层中的流体流动，其中钻孔还包含盐水，包括用于用中子照射土层的中子源和从地球检测伽马射线的检测器组件 形成。 探头还包括处理来自检测器组件的脉冲以通过测井电缆提供给井的电路。 探空仪包括在空间上布置有检测器组件的装置，其将井眼中的盐水置换，使得在钻孔的侧面和检测器组件之间基本上没有盐水。 改进的测井探空仪还允许在土层形式以及常规水平流体流中进行垂直流体流量测量。

公开(公告)号：US4191884A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-04

申请号：US865052

申请日：1977-12-27

Applicant: Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Hubert D. Scott

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/102

Abstract: Gamma ray spectra of earth formations surrounding a well borehole are obtained by bombarding the formations with neutrons from a pulsed neutron source and detecting the gamma rays resulting from capture of thermalized neutrons in the formation using a germanium gamma ray detector. A measure of the ratio of chlorine to hydrogen is obtained from the detected gamma radiation spectra, and the apparent formation water salinity is determined from the chlorine/hydrogen ratio. The water saturation of the formation is then obtained from the apparent formation water salinity and the true formation water salinity. Compensation is made for the presence of saline water in the borehole fluid and in the cement annulus, as well as for any bound water in the formation.

Abstract translation: 通过用来自脉冲中子源的中子轰击形成并且使用锗伽马射线检测器检测在地层中捕获热化中子而产生的伽马射线，可以获得围绕井眼的地层的伽马射线光谱。 从检测的伽马辐射光谱获得氯与氢的比例的量度，并且从氯/氢比确定表观地层水的盐度。 然后从表观地层水盐度和真实地层水盐度获得地层的水饱和度。 对井眼流体和水泥环中的盐水以及地层中任何结合水的存在进行补偿。