公开(公告)号：US07292942B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-06

申请号：US10762690

申请日：2004-01-22

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Marvin E. Markley

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Marvin E. Markley

IPC: G06F15/52 ,  G01V5/10

CPC classification number: G01V5/125

Abstract: A method of determining formation density in a cased hole environment using a logging tool having a gamma ray source, a long spacing detector, and a short spacing detector that includes developing one or more cased hole calibration relationships that utilize differences between scattered gamma rays observed by short spacing detectors and scattered gamma rays observed by long spacing detectors to determine corrected formation density values, and using the cased hole calibration relationships and scattered gamma ray measurements obtained by the long spacing detector and the short spacing detector to determine the formation density. An associated article of manufacture and computerized well logging system are also described.

Abstract translation: 一种使用具有伽马射线源，长距离检测器和短距离检测器的测井工具确定套管井环境中的地层密度的方法，其包括开发一个或多个套管孔校准关系，所述套管孔校准关系利用由 短距离检测器和由长间隔检测器观察到的散射伽马射线，以确定校正的地层密度值，并且使用由长间隔检测器和短间隔检测器获得的套管孔校准关系和散射伽马射线测量来确定地层密度。 还描述了相关的制造和计算机测井系统。

公开(公告)号：US06552334B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US09847501

申请日：2001-05-02

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Mohammed Doghmi

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Mohammed Doghmi

IPC: G01V512

CPC classification number: G01V5/12

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining the standoff of a well logging instrument from the wall of a wellbore and the shape of the wellbore itself. The methods include measuring a compensated gamma-gamma formation density at a rotary orientation proximate a bottom of the wellbore, and measuring an apparent density at at least one other rotary orientation. The apparent density is related to the compensated density, a density of a fluid disposed between the logging instrument and a wall of the wellbore, and the standoff. Repeated measurements at a plurality of axial positions along the wellbore provide a log of the wellbore.

公开(公告)号：US4542292A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US364202

申请日：1982-04-01

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for natural gamma radiation well logging in which the radiation detected in five energy windows is converted into a log of thorium, uranium and potassium (Th,U,K) which is corrected for the presence of gamma radiation emitting materials (e.g., potassium) and strong gamma radiation attenuators (e.g., barite and/or hematite) in the borehole fluid.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于自然伽马辐射测井的方法和系统，其中在五个能量窗口中检测到的辐射被转换成钍，铀和钾（Th，U，K）的对数，其被校正为存在γ辐射发射 钻井液中的材料（例如钾）和强γ辐射衰减器（例如重晶石和/或赤铁矿）。

公开(公告)号：US20110307179A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-15

申请号：US11962161

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Tong Zhou ,  Felix Chen ,  Charles R. Case ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Bradley Albert Roscoe

Inventor： Tong Zhou ,  Felix Chen ,  Charles R. Case ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Bradley Albert Roscoe

IPC: G01V5/12 ,  G06F19/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/125

Abstract: A method for a pulsed gamma-gamma density tool to simultaneously compensate for interactions due to the photoelectric effect and density variations caused by standoff enables a more precise determination of bulk formation density. This method includes the steps of providing a source of energetic particles and directing those energetic particles at a formation having a known photoelectric factor and electron density and capturing one or more photons either emitted or deflected from the formation either a first detector or a second detector. The first detector is spaced a first distance from the source, the second detector is spaced a second distance from the detector and a third distance separates the first detector from the second detector. Measuring a first total energy of the photons striking the first detector during a time interval and measuring a second total energy of the photons striking the second detector as a function of the time interval and disposing a first filter between the first detector and the formation effective to cause Pe response to match standoff influence thereby compensating for both effects simultaneously. In addition to the first filter, the required compensation may include a second filter between the second detector and the formation as well as adjustments to the respective first distance, second distance and third distance.

Abstract translation: 用于同时补偿由于光电效应引起的相互作用和由间隔引起的密度变化的脉冲伽马伽马密度工具的方法使得能够更准确地确定体积形成密度。 该方法包括以下步骤：提供能量粒子源，并将具有已知光电因子和电子密度的地层中的能量粒子引导并捕获从第一检测器或第二检测器的地层发射或偏转的一个或多个光子。 第一检测器与源极隔开第一距离，第二检测器与检测器隔开第二距离，第三距离将第一检测器与第二检测器分开。 测量在时间间隔内撞击第一检测器的光子的第一总能量，并测量作为时间间隔的函数的撞击第二检测器的光子的第二总能量，并且在第一检测器和地层之间设置第一过滤器， 导致Pe响应匹配对立影响，从而同时补偿两种效应。 除了第一滤波器之外，所需的补偿可以包括在第二检测器和地层之间的第二滤波器以及对相应的第一距离，第二距离和第三距离的调整。

公开(公告)号：US08063356B1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-22

申请号：US11962161

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Tong Zhou ,  Felix Chen ,  Charles R. Case ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Bradley Albert Roscoe

Inventor： Tong Zhou ,  Felix Chen ,  Charles R. Case ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Bradley Albert Roscoe

IPC: G01V5/06

CPC classification number: G01V5/125

Abstract: A more precise determination of bulk formation density is attainable using a pulsed γ-γ density tool and simultaneously compensating for interactions due to photoelectric effect and density variations caused by standoff. A source directs energetic particles at a formation having a known photoelectric factor and electron density. One or more photons either emitted or deflected from the formation are captured at a first or second detector, respectively spaced at first and second distances from the source, and separated from each other by a third distance. First and second total energies of the photons respectively striking the first and second detectors are measured during a time interval. A first filter is disposed between the first detector and formation effective to cause Pe response to match standoff influence, thereby compensating for both effects simultaneously. In some embodiments, a second filter is provided between the second detector and formation.

Abstract translation: 使用脉冲γ-γ密度工具可以获得更精确的体积形成密度测定，并同时补偿由于光电效应引起的相互作用和由间隙引起的密度变化。 一个源引导具有已知光电因子和电子密度的形成的能量粒子。 从地层发射或偏转的一个或多个光子被捕获在第一或第二检测器处，分别以离开源的第一和第二距离间隔开并彼此分开第三距离。 在一段时间间隔内测量分别撞击第一和第二检测器的光子的第一和第二总能量。 第一滤波器设置在第一检测器和地层之间，有效地使得Pe响应匹配间隔影响，从而同时补偿两种效应。 在一些实施例中，在第二检测器和地层之间提供第二过滤器。

公开(公告)号：US07279677B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US11208831

申请日：2005-08-22

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Fulton ,  Dhanoolal Kandhai

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Fulton ,  Dhanoolal Kandhai

IPC: G01V5/12

CPC classification number: E21B47/082

Abstract: A method for determining the diameter of a wellbore, the wellbore being drilled by a drill string immersed in weighted mud, the weighted mud having a significant weight fraction of a heavy component. A well logging instrument having a gamma ray source and energy-sensitive gamma ray detectors rotates within the wellbore to define a transient interface with a facing portion of the wellbore wall. The instrument measures Compton-effect gamma ray scattering and photoelectric-effect gamma ray scattering of gamma rays that cross a first interface, and of later gamma rays that cross an opposite interface, at each of a plurality of locations along the wellbore to produce a group of gamma ray counts at each of a series of wellbore locations. The counts are used to determine standoffs, weight fraction, and wellbore diameter.

Abstract translation: 一种用于确定井筒直径的方法，所述井筒由浸入加权泥浆中的钻柱钻孔，所述加权泥浆具有重组分的显着重量分数。 具有伽马射线源和能量敏感伽马射线探测器的测井仪器在井筒内旋转以限定与井筒壁的相对部分的瞬态界面。 该仪器测量沿着井眼跨越第一界面的伽马射线的康普顿效应伽马射线散射和光电效应伽马射线散射以及跨越相对界面的后续伽马射线，以产生一组 在一系列井眼位置的每一个处的伽马射线计数。 计数用于确定支座，重量分数和井眼直径。

公开(公告)号：US4816674A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-28

申请号：US67898

申请日：1987-06-29

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Flaum ,  Hubert D. Scott

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Flaum ,  Hubert D. Scott

IPC: G01V5/10

CPC classification number: G01V5/107 ,  G01V5/10

Abstract: A method for determining the porosity of a subsurface geological formation traversed by a borehole is provided. The method generally comprises obtaining a means which relates ranges of apparent formation porosity (.phi..sub.a) as determined by a neutron-neutron log, formation fluid salinities, formation total capture cross sections (.SIGMA.), formation matrix and fluid constituents, and true formation porosity (.phi..sub.T) according to a predetermined equation. The predetermined equation relates the apparent porosity to a function of a modified migration length which is obtained in a semi-empirical manner (i.e. physics modifed by data). The modified migration length includes a slowing down length and a diffusion length, but causes at least the diffusion length to be a function of the slowing down length. The means which relates the apparent porosity to salinity, .SIGMA., matrix and fluid constituents, and .phi..sub.T solves a forward problem. Thus, the inverse problem of determining true porosity may be solved by obtaining determinations of salinity, formation matrix and fluid constituents, .SIGMA., and .phi..sub.a, and using the relating means to provide the true porosity. The provided method properly and separately accounts for the effects of capture cross section and salinity, and can be used to correct the apparent porosity determination of a neutron-neutron tool, regardless of the formation matrix or formation fluid constituents.

公开(公告)号：US4810876A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

申请号：US905371

申请日：1986-09-05

Applicant: Peter D. Wraight ,  Russel C. Hertzog ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Hubert D. Scott ,  Jeffrey S. Schweitzer ,  James A. Grau

Inventor： Peter D. Wraight ,  Russel C. Hertzog ,  Darwin V. Ellis ,  Hubert D. Scott ,  Jeffrey S. Schweitzer ,  James A. Grau

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/10

Abstract: Logging apparatus and methods for detecting first signals indicative of the absolute concentrations of the first category of elements in the rock matrix, for irradiating the formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons and for detecting a second signal indicative of the relative concentrations of a second category of elements in a rock matrix. The absolute and relative concentrations of a plurality of elements are determined, and this information is used to transform at least one of the relative concentrations into an absolute concentration. One of the measured absolute concentrations is for aluminum, from which correlations are used to determine the absolute concentrations of other, non-measured elements. A tool system for measuring the absolute aluminum concentration includes a californium-252 source and a gamma ray detector having a plurality of windows from which the aluminum count rate can be compensated for interference by manganese activation. A further correction to the aluminum count rate has a functional dependence on the neutron slowing down length in the formation, the formation macroscopic cross section, the borehole microscopic cross section, the bulk density of the formation, and the borehole diameter. When used in conjunction with a density tool sensitve to the effects of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the formation, the techniques of the invention allow the magnesium concentration to be determined.

Abstract translation: 用于检测指示岩石基质中第一类元素的绝对浓度的第一信号的测井装置和方法，用于用高能中子的脉冲照射地层，并用于检测指示第二类别的相对浓度的第二信号 的岩石矩阵中的元素。 确定多个元素的绝对和相对浓度，并且使用该信息将至少一个相对浓度转化为绝对浓度。 测量的绝对浓度之一是铝，其中使用相关性来确定其他未测量元素的绝对浓度。 用于测量绝对铝浓度的工具系统包括ium-252源和具有多个窗口的伽马射线检测器，从其可以通过锰活化来补偿铝计数率的干扰。 对铝计数率的进一步校正对于地层中的中子减慢长度，地层宏观横截面，井眼微观截面，地层的堆积密度和井眼直径具有功能依赖性。 当与对地层中的γ射线的光电吸收的影响敏感的密度工具结合使用时，本发明的技术允许确定镁浓度。

公开(公告)号：US4048495A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-13

申请号：US649865

申请日：1976-01-16

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis

IPC: G01V5/04 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/12 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/125

Abstract: A technique for determining the density of an earth formation with a logging sonde including a gamma ray source and two gamma ray detectors spaced at different distances from the source is disclosed. The count rate of the short-spaced detector is measured in two energy ranges covering back-scattered gamma rays which have undergone relatively low and high attenuations respectively. A first density correction is determined from the difference between the apparent density derived from the count rate of the long-spaced detector and the density derived from the count rate of the short-spaced detector in the energy range covering gamma rays with relatively low attenuation. A second density correction is determined from the difference between the densities derived from the two short-spaced detectors' count rates. These two density corrections are added to the apparent density to give the true formation density.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于使用包括伽马射线源的测井探空仪和与源不同距离间隔开的两个伽马射线探测器来确定地层密度的技术。 短距离检测器的计数率是在分别经历相对较低和较高衰减的反向散射伽马射线的两个能量范围内测量的。 第一密度校正是根据从长间隔检测器的计数率得到的表观密度与源于短间隔检测器的计数率的密度之间的差确定的，该能量范围覆盖具有较低衰减的γ射线。 从两个短距离检测器的计数率导出的密度之间的差确定第二密度校正。 将这两个密度校正加到表观密度上，以得到真实的地层密度。

公开(公告)号：US10422920B2

公开(公告)日：2019-09-24

申请号：US14119181

申请日：2012-05-23

Applicant: Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Case ,  Joseph M. Chiaramonte

Inventor： Darwin V. Ellis ,  Charles Case ,  Joseph M. Chiaramonte

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G06F17/50

Abstract: A method for simulating a response of a neutron well logging instrument includes in a computer, defining a function of neutron migration length with respect to expected radiation detector counting rate. The function is defined for selected values of formation porosity. The function is related to neutron slowing down length and neutron diffusion length. The function is weighted for formation density. An expected radiation detector counting rate is calculated in the computer using the defined function based on an initial estimation of formation porosity and density.