Purification of glycerin
    1.
    发明授权
    Purification of glycerin 有权
    甘油的纯化

    公开(公告)号:US07126032B1

    公开(公告)日:2006-10-24

    申请号:US11387654

    申请日:2006-03-23

    申请人: John E. Aiken

    发明人: John E. Aiken

    IPC分类号: C07C29/80 C07C29/82 C07C29/88

    摘要: A process for purifying glycerin recovered as a byproduct of biodiesel production comprises heating a glycerin effluent stream containing a low molecular weight alcohol, water and fatty acid esters of the low molecular weight alcohol to cause transesterification of the fatty acid esters to glycerides and additional low molecular weight alcohol. The reaction mixture is sparged with nitrogen to help remove water and low molecular weight alcohol, which drives the transesterification reaction towards glyceride formation. A wash water stream may also be added to the recovered glycerin stream from biodiesel production. Either before or following the transesterification reaction, an oil layer can be separated from the recovered glycerin stream by reducing the pH of the stream to below 7. Following separation of the oil layer and transesterification the glycerin stream is flash distilled to separate glycerin from water, salts, and glycerides.

    摘要翻译: 用于纯化作为生物柴油生产副产物回收的甘油的方法包括加热含有低分子量醇的甘油流出物流,低分子量醇的水和脂肪酸酯,以引起脂肪酸酯到甘油酯的酯交换和另外的低分子量 重量酒精。 将反应混合物用氮气鼓泡以帮助除去水和低分子量醇,这促使酯交换反应向甘油酯形成。 还可以从生物柴油生产中将回收的甘油流中的洗涤水流加入。 在酯交换反应之前或之后,通过将流的pH降低到7以下,可以将油层与回收的甘油流分离。在分离油层和酯交换后,将甘油流快速蒸馏以从甘油中分离出甘油, 盐和甘油酯。

    Waste gas purification systems and methods
    2.
    发明授权
    Waste gas purification systems and methods 失效
    废气净化系统及方法

    公开(公告)号:US4325921A

    公开(公告)日:1982-04-20

    申请号:US147459

    申请日:1980-05-07

    CPC分类号: F01N3/20 F01N3/2053

    摘要: Systems and methods for directing waste gases to a by-pass conduit from a conduit to a waste gas purifier in response to signals indicating predetermined conditions which are harmful to the waste gas purifier to which the waste gases are normally directed while at the same time maintaining a substantially uniform pressure at the source of the waste gases. Preferably, the source of the waste gases is a scrubber unit for a maleic anhydride production unit. The waste gas purifier is preferably a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the waste gases.

    摘要翻译: 用于响应于指示对废气通常被引导的废气净化器有害的预定条件的信号,将废气引导到旁路导管的管道到废气净化器的系统和方法,同时保持 在废气源处的压力基本均匀。 优选地,废气源是用于马来酸酐生产单元的洗涤器单元。 废气净化器优选是用于氧化废气中的烃和一氧化碳的催化氧化装置。

    Process for integrated co-production of hydrogen peroxide and epoxidized esters
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for integrated co-production of hydrogen peroxide and epoxidized esters 有权
    过氧化氢和环氧化酯的综合共同生产工艺

    公开(公告)号:US08217191B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-07-10

    申请号:US12613012

    申请日:2009-11-05

    申请人: John E. Aiken

    发明人: John E. Aiken

    IPC分类号: C07D301/12

    摘要: A process for the integral production and reactive consumption of hydrogen peroxide combines oxidation of a high-boiling secondary alcohol to form hydrogen peroxide and the ketone analog, recycle of a hydrogenated ketone/alcohol stream to the oxidation step, and epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid esters utilizing a gaseous hydrogen peroxide stream as it is produced. The epoxidized esters are known to have desirable characteristics for use as plasticizers and similar products.

    摘要翻译: 过氧化氢的一体化生产和反应性消耗的方法结合了高沸点仲醇的氧化形成过氧化氢和酮类似物,将氢化酮/醇流循环到氧化步骤,以及不饱和脂肪酸酯的环氧化 在生产过程中利用气态过氧化氢流。 已知环氧化酯具有用作增塑剂和类似产品的期望特性。

    Fatty acid alkyl ester production from oleaginous seeds
    4.
    发明申请
    Fatty acid alkyl ester production from oleaginous seeds 有权
    脂肪酸烷基酯从含油种子生产

    公开(公告)号:US20090099380A1

    公开(公告)日:2009-04-16

    申请号:US12287779

    申请日:2008-10-14

    申请人: John E. Aiken

    发明人: John E. Aiken

    IPC分类号: C11C3/00

    摘要: A process is described for producing fatty acid alkyl esters for both diesel fuel and non-fuel uses. The feed material includes whole oleaginous seeds slurried in a liquid triglyceride oil containing at least two weight percent free fatty acid, wherein oil from inside the seeds is first extracted with concurrent esterification of free fatty acids from all sources in an acidic environment. Following sufficient free fatty acid reaction, the intermediate product is subjected to base-catalyzed concurrent extraction and transesterification. Decanting of the byproduct glycerin is followed by water washing. Subsequently, the fatty acid ester product is concurrently purified and fractionated into a biodiesel fuel stream and a non-fuel fraction, each of which undergoes post treatment as needed. The process is optionally integrated with glycerin purification and/or methanol recovery.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于生产柴油和非燃料用途的脂肪酸烷基酯的方法。 饲料包括在含有至少2重量%游离脂肪酸的液体甘油三酯油中浆化的整个油质种子,其中首先从种子内部的油在酸性环境中同时从所有来源的酯化反应中提取。 在足够的游离脂肪酸反应之后,对中间产物进行碱催化的同时提取和酯交换反应。 副产物甘油的倾析之后是水洗。 随后,脂肪酸酯产物同时纯化并分馏成生物柴油燃料流和非燃料馏分,每个都需要经过后处理。 该方法任选地与甘油纯化和/或甲醇回收相结合。

    Waste gas purification reactor and method
    5.
    发明授权
    Waste gas purification reactor and method 失效
    废气净化反应器及方法

    公开(公告)号:US4410499A

    公开(公告)日:1983-10-18

    申请号:US260499

    申请日:1981-05-04

    IPC分类号: B01D53/86 B01D53/36

    CPC分类号: B01D53/864

    摘要: Reactor and method for providing improved conversion of oxidizable pollutants from a waste gas stream by passing such a gas stream at a velocity of less than about 200 feet per minute through a chamber containing a thin catalyst bed capable of oxidizing the oxidizable pollutants and having a temperture rise from the inlet side to the outlet side of the bed of between about 50.degree. C. and about 400.degree. C. and a distributor plate located upstream and parallel to the bed. The distributor plate contains a plurality of openings such that the plate surface has a total open area of less than about 10% therein. In a preferred embodiment wherein a plurality of catalyst beds are provided, separate distributor plates are placed between the inlet for each bed and the bed itself.

    摘要翻译: 通过使这种气流以小于约200英尺/分钟的速度通过含有能够氧化可氧化污染物并具有温度的薄催化剂床的室来提供来自废气流的可氧化污染物的改进的反应器和方法 从床的入口侧到出口侧在约50℃和约400℃之间上升,并且位于上游并平行于床的分布板。 分配板包含多个开口,使得板表面的总开口面积小于约10%。 在其中提供多个催化剂床的优选实施例中,在每个床的入口和床本身之间放置分开的分配器板。

    Waste gas purification reactor including packing holder and catalyst
leveler support
    6.
    发明授权
    Waste gas purification reactor including packing holder and catalyst leveler support 失效
    废气净化反应器包括包装支架和催化剂矫直机支架

    公开(公告)号:US4248832A

    公开(公告)日:1981-02-03

    申请号:US047410

    申请日:1979-06-11

    摘要: Reactor for removing oxidizable pollutants from a waste gas stream which comprises (1) means for introducing the waste gas stream through an inlet into a chamber containing a substantially horizontal catalyst bed container means below the inlet, which container means is for containing a granular catalyst bed for oxidizing the pollutants and which container means comprises (a) support means for the catalyst bed which support means is permeable to the waste gas stream and covers substantially the entire horizontal cross section area of the chamber below the catalyst bed and has an outer edge adjacent to the chamber wall, (b) packing means to fit around the outer edge of the support means to prevent loss of catalyst between the edge of the support means and the wall of the chamber, (c) ledge means which provides a substantially horizontal support around the inside periphery of the chamber wall for leveling the catalyst bed and which ledge means also exerts substantial downward and outward pressure on the packing means to thereby tightly press the packing means against the support means and the wall of the chamber, (2) means for passing the waste gas stream through the catalyst bed while maintaining the catalyst bed at a temperature of between about 140.degree. C. and about 540.degree. C. and sufficient to sustain catalytic oxidation of the oxidizable pollutants; and (3) means for withdrawing through an outlet of the chamber the waste gas stream which has passed through the catalyst bed.

    摘要翻译: 用于从废气流中除去可氧化污染物的反应器,其包括(1)用于将废气流通过入口引入到包含基本上水平的催化剂床容器的腔室中的装置的装置,该装置在入口下方,该容器装置用于容纳颗粒催化剂床 用于氧化污染物并且哪个容器装置包括(a)用于催化剂床的支撑装置,该支撑装置对废气流是可渗透的,并且覆盖催化剂床下方的基本上整个水平横截面积的腔室,并具有相邻的外边缘 (b)填充装置围绕支撑装置的外边缘配合,以防止在支撑装置的边缘和室的壁之间的催化剂损失,(c)凸缘装置,其提供基本上水平的支撑 围绕室壁的内周围,用于使催化剂床平整,并且该壁架装置也大量向下和向外施加 压力在包装装置上,从而将包装装置紧紧地压靠在支撑装置和室壁上,(2)使废气流通过催化剂床的装置,同时将催化剂床保持在约140℃ 并且约540℃,足以维持可氧化污染物的催化氧化; 和(3)通过所述室的出口抽出已经通过所述催化剂床的废气流的装置。

    PROCESS FOR THE CO-PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS
    7.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR THE CO-PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS 审中-公开
    生产酒精的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20110046420A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-02-24

    申请号:US12870447

    申请日:2010-08-27

    IPC分类号: C07C29/14

    摘要: The present invention relates to the co-production of unsaturated aldehydes via a crossed-aldol condensation reaction catalyzed by recyclable water-soluble phase-transfer catalysts or the hydroxides thereof. The aldehydes are then hydrogenated to the desired alcohol products or saturated aldehyde feed stocks. Specifically, methods in which 2,4-diethyloctanol is co-produced with 2-ethylhexanol in batch and continuous processes are described. Recovery of the phase-transfer catalyst through water washing followed by “salting out” from the washings is also demonstrated.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及通过可回收的水溶性相转移催化剂或其氢氧化物催化的交叉醛醇缩合反应共同生产不饱和醛。 然后将醛氢化成所需的醇产物或饱和醛原料。 具体地说,描述了2,4-二乙基辛醇与间歇式连续方法与2-乙基己醇共同制备的方法。 还证明了通过水洗回收相转移催化剂,然后从洗涤液“盐析”。

    PLANT SUPPORT POLE AND METHOD OF USE
    8.
    发明申请
    PLANT SUPPORT POLE AND METHOD OF USE 审中-公开
    植物支持点和使用方法

    公开(公告)号:US20100005714A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-01-14

    申请号:US12500636

    申请日:2009-07-10

    申请人: JOHN E. AIKEN

    发明人: JOHN E. AIKEN

    IPC分类号: A01G17/14 A01G17/04

    CPC分类号: A01G9/122 A01G9/128

    摘要: An apparatus for supporting plants growing from the ground includes an elongated rigid pole with a plurality of axially-spaced apertures along much of the pole. Flexible cord ties are threaded in a spiral fashion through at least three apertures in the long wall of the elongated pole, and knots at the ends are tied around plant stems or branches thereby preventing disengagement from the holes and simultaneously supporting the plant. One end of the elongated pole is cut at an angle to the axis to form a point.

    摘要翻译: 用于支撑从地面生长的植物的装置包括细长的刚性极,其沿着极的大部分具有多个沿轴向隔开的孔。 柔性帘线带以螺旋方式穿过细长杆的长壁中的至少三个孔,并且端部处的结被绑在植物茎或分枝周围,从而防止与孔脱离并同时支撑植物。 细长杆的一端以与轴线成一定角度切割以形成点。

    Waste gas purification systems and methods
    9.
    发明授权
    Waste gas purification systems and methods 失效
    废气净化系统及方法

    公开(公告)号:US4238460A

    公开(公告)日:1980-12-09

    申请号:US8678

    申请日:1979-02-02

    CPC分类号: F01N3/20 F01N3/2053

    摘要: Systems and methods for directing waste gases to a by-pass conduit from a conduit to a waste gas purifier in response to signals indicating predetermined conditions which are harmful to the waste gas purifier to which the waste gases are normally directed while at the same time maintaining a substantially uniform pressure at the source of the waste gases. Preferably, the source of the waste gases is a scrubber unit for a maleic anhydride production unit. The waste gas purifier is preferably a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the waste gases.

    摘要翻译: 用于响应于指示对废气通常被引导的废气净化器有害的预定条件的信号,将废气引导到旁路导管的管道到废气净化器的系统和方法,同时保持 在废气源处的压力基本均匀。 优选地,废气源是用于马来酸酐生产单元的洗涤器单元。 废气净化器优选是用于氧化废气中的烃和一氧化碳的催化氧化装置。

    Fatty acid alkyl ester production from oleaginous seeds
    10.
    发明授权
    Fatty acid alkyl ester production from oleaginous seeds 有权
    脂肪酸烷基酯从含油种子生产

    公开(公告)号:US08022236B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-09-20

    申请号:US12287779

    申请日:2008-10-14

    申请人: John E. Aiken

    发明人: John E. Aiken

    IPC分类号: C11C3/00

    摘要: A process is described for producing fatty acid alkyl esters for both diesel fuel and non-fuel uses. The feed material includes whole oleaginous seeds slurried in a liquid triglyceride oil containing at least two weight percent free fatty acid, wherein oil from inside the seeds is first extracted with concurrent esterification of free fatty acids from all sources in an acidic environment. Following sufficient free fatty acid reaction, the intermediate product is subjected to base-catalyzed concurrent extraction and transesterification. Decanting of the byproduct glycerin is followed by water washing. Subsequently, the fatty acid ester product is concurrently purified and fractionated into a biodiesel fuel stream and a non-fuel fraction, each of which undergoes post treatment as needed. The process is optionally integrated with glycerin purification and/or methanol recovery.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于生产柴油和非燃料用途的脂肪酸烷基酯的方法。 饲料包括在含有至少2重量%游离脂肪酸的液体甘油三酯油中浆化的整个油质种子,其中首先从种子内部的油在酸性环境中同时从所有来源的酯化反应中提取。 在足够的游离脂肪酸反应之后,对中间产物进行碱催化的同时提取和酯交换反应。 副产物甘油的倾析之后是水洗。 随后,脂肪酸酯产物同时纯化并分馏成生物柴油燃料流和非燃料馏分,每个都需要经过后处理。 该方法任选地与甘油纯化和/或甲醇回收相结合。