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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4567145A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-28
申请号：US441474
申请日：1982-11-15
CPC分类号： C12R1/85 , C12P7/06 , Y02E50/17 , Y10S435/94
摘要： This invention provides a process for producing ethanol from a D-sugar in a continuous aerobic environment using a flocculant respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces uvarum in a single stage fermentor with a cell settling tank and cell recycle, at a productivity of more than 50 grams ethanol per liter fermentor volume per hour. The process comprises (a) innoculating a fermentation zone with a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces uvarum; (b) feeding a mixture of a D-sugar, a nitrogen source, a vitamin source and a mineral source into the fermentation zone in the presence of oxygen, and (c) fermenting the D-sugar mixture for a sufficiently long period of time to yield an ethanol product. In the process, the yeast are allowed to settle for a sufficiently long period of time and recycled to the fermentation zone to increase ethanol productivity. The preferred D-sugar that may be used in the present process to produce ethanol, is D-glucose.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了在具有细胞沉淀池和细胞再循环的单阶段发酵罐中的使用粟酒酵母的絮凝剂呼吸缺陷突变体的连续需氧环境中从D-糖生产乙醇的方法，其生产率大于50克 乙醇每小时每升发酵罐体积。 该方法包括（a）用酵母菌的呼吸缺陷突变体接种发酵区; （b）在氧气存在下将D-糖，氮源，维生素源和矿物质源的混合物喂入发酵区，和（c）将D-糖混合物发酵足够长的时间 得到乙醇产物。 在此过程中，使酵母沉降足够长的时间并循环到发酵区以提高乙醇的生产率。 可用于本发明方法生产乙醇的优选D-糖是D-葡萄糖。
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公开(公告)号：US5916780A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US871347
申请日：1997-06-09
摘要： An improved pretreatment of cellulosic feedstocks, to enable economical ethanol production by enzyme treatment. The improved pretreatment comprises choosing either a feedstock with a ratio of arabinoxylan to total nonstarch polysaccharides (AX/NSP) of greater than about 0.39, or a selectively bred feedstock on the basis of an increased ratio of AX/NSP over a starting feedstock material, and reacting at conditions that disrupt the fiber structure and hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose and hemicellulose. This pretreatment produces a superior substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis, by enabling the production of more glucose with less cellulase enzyme than any known procedures. This pretreatment is uniquely suited to ethanol production. Preferred feedstocks with an AX/NSP level greater than about 0.39 include varieties of oat hulls and corn cobs.
摘要翻译： 改进纤维素原料的预处理，以通过酶处理实现经济的乙醇生产。 改进的预处理包括选择具有大于约0.39的阿拉伯木聚糖与总非淀粉多糖（AX / NSP）的比例的原料或基于增加的起始原料材料的AX / NSP比例的选择性培育的原料， 并在破坏纤维结构并水解一部分纤维素和半纤维素的条件下进行反应。 这种预处理通过使得能够以比任何已知方法更少的纤维素酶产生更多的葡萄糖来产生用于酶水解的优异底物。 这种预处理特别适用于乙醇生产。 AX / NSP水平大于约0.39的优选原料包括燕麦壳和玉米芯的品种。
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公开(公告)号：US6090595A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-18
申请号：US207468
申请日：1998-12-08
摘要： An improved pretreatment of cellulosic feedstocks, to enable economical ethanol production by enzyme treatment. The improved pretreatment comprises choosing either a feedstock with a ratio of arabinoxylan to total nonstarch polysaccharides (AX/NSP) of greater than about 0.39, or a selectively bred feedstock on the basis of an increased ratio of AX/NSP over a starting feedstock material, and reacting at conditions that disrupt the fiber structure and hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose and hemicellulose. This pretreatment produces a superior substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis, by enabling the production of more glucose with less cellulose enzyme than any known procedures. This pretreatment is uniquely suited to ethanol production. Preferred feedstocks with an AX/NSP level greater than about 0.39 include varieties of oat hulls and corn cobs.
摘要翻译： 改进纤维素原料的预处理，以通过酶处理实现经济的乙醇生产。 改进的预处理包括选择具有大于约0.39的阿拉伯木聚糖与总非淀粉多糖（AX / NSP）的比例的原料或基于增加的起始原料材料的AX / NSP比例的选择性培育的原料， 并在破坏纤维结构并水解一部分纤维素和半纤维素的条件下进行反应。 该预处理通过使得能够以比任何已知方法更少的纤维素酶产生更多的葡萄糖来产生用于酶水解的优异底物。 这种预处理特别适用于乙醇生产。 AX / NSP水平大于约0.39的优选原料包括燕麦壳和玉米芯的品种。
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公开(公告)号：US5133213A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US603014
申请日：1990-10-25
申请人： Jerome D. Bernstein , Chris Amrhein
发明人： Jerome D. Bernstein , Chris Amrhein
IPC分类号： G01P3/16
CPC分类号： G01P3/16
摘要： A velocity meter attachable to a baseball bat or other hand-held swingable sports implement to indicate swing velocity. The meter is provided with a ratchet wheel rotatable within a case whose cover has a window exposing a pointer on the upper face of the wheel. Affixed to the under face of the wheel at an eccentric position thereon is an inertia weight. The teeth of the wheel are engaged by a retractable pawl which permits counterclockwise motion of the wheel but prevents clockwise motion except when the pawl is retracted to permit meter resetting.
摘要翻译： 可连接到棒球棒或其他手持摇摆运动器材的速度计，以指示摆动速度。 该仪表具有可旋转的壳体内的棘轮，盖子具有窗口，该窗口暴露在车轮上表面上的指针。 在其上的偏心位置处固定在车轮的下表面上的是惯性重量。 轮的齿通过可伸缩爪接合，该棘爪允许车轮的逆时针运动，但防止顺时针运动，除了棘爪缩回以允许仪表复位。
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