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    Molecular testing of multiple pregnancies
    2.
    发明授权
    Molecular testing of multiple pregnancies 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10900080B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-01-26

    申请号：US13405073

    申请日：2012-02-24

    申请人： Yuk Ming Dennis Lo ,  Wai Kwun Rossa Chu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Tak Yeung Leung ,  Peiyong Jiang

    发明人： Yuk Ming Dennis Lo ,  Wai Kwun Rossa Chu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Tak Yeung Leung ,  Peiyong Jiang

    IPC分类号： C12Q1/6881 ,  G16B40/00 ,  G16B20/00

    摘要： Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for determining zygosity of a multiple-fetus pregnancy using a biological sample taken from the mother. The fetal and maternal DNA in the sample (e.g. plasma) can be analyzed for a particular chromosomal region to identify genetic differences in the fetuses. For example, a normalized parameter for the measure of a primary or secondary allele can show variances for different chromosomal regions when fetuses are dizygotic. Such a variance can be determined relative to an expected value if the fetuses were genetically identical. Statistical methods are provided for analyzing the variation of the normalized parameters to determine fetal DNA concentration and the maternal-fetal mixed genotype at various loci. Parental genotype and haplotype information can also be used to identify inheritance of different parental haplotypes to indicate genetic differences among the fetuses.

    Noninvasive prenatal genotyping of fetal sex chromosomes
    3.
    发明授权
    Noninvasive prenatal genotyping of fetal sex chromosomes 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10152568B2

    公开(公告)日：2018-12-11

    申请号：US13978358

    申请日：2012-01-05

    申请人： Yuk Ming Dennis Lo ,  Wai Kwun Rossa Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Bo Yin Tsui

    发明人： Yuk Ming Dennis Lo ,  Wai Kwun Rossa Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Bo Yin Tsui

    IPC分类号： G06F19/18 ,  C12Q1/6883

    摘要： Methods, apparatuses, and system are provided for analyzing a maternal sample to determine whether a male fetus of a pregnant female has inherited an X-linked mutation from the mother. A percentage of fetal DNA in the sample is obtained, and cutoff values for the two possibilities (fetus inherits mutant or normal allele) are determined. A proportion of mutant alleles relative to a normal allele on the X-chromosome can then be compared to the cutoff values to make a classification of which allele is inherited. Alternatively, a number of alleles from a target region on the X-chromosome can be compared to a number of alleles from a reference region on the X-chromosome to identify a deletion or amplification. The fetal DNA percentage can be computed by counting reactions with a fetal-specific allele, and correcting the number to account for a statistical distribution among the reactions.

    Determining a nucleic acid sequence imbalance
    5.
    发明授权
    Determining a nucleic acid sequence imbalance 有权
    确定核酸序列失衡

    公开(公告)号：US08706422B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

    申请号：US12178116

    申请日：2008-07-23

    申请人： Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Benny Chung Ying Zee ,  Ka Chun Chong

    发明人： Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Benny Chung Ying Zee ,  Ka Chun Chong

    IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/48

    CPC分类号： C12Q1/6883 ,  C12Q1/6827 ,  C12Q1/6888 ,  C12Q2600/112 ,  C12Q2600/154 ,  C12Q2600/156 ,  G01N2800/387 ,  G06F19/18 ,  G06F19/22 ,  C12Q2521/331 ,  C12Q2537/16

    摘要： Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for determining whether a nucleic acid sequence imbalance exists within a biological sample. One or more cutoff values for determining an imbalance of, for example, the ratio of the two sequences (or sets of sequences) are chosen. The cutoff value may be determined based at least in part on the percentage of fetal DNA in a sample, such as maternal plasma, containing a background of maternal nucleic acid sequences. The cutoff value may also be determined based on an average concentration of a sequence per reaction. In one aspect, the cutoff value is determined from a proportion of informative wells that are estimated to contain a particular nucleic acid sequence, where the proportion is determined based on the above-mentioned percentage and/or average concentration. The cutoff value may be determined using many different types of methods, such as sequential probability ratio testing (SPRT).

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定生物样品中是否存在核酸序列不平衡的方法，系统和装置。 选择用于确定例如两个序列（或序列集合）的比例的不平衡的一个或多个截断值。 截止值可以至少部分地基于含有母体核酸序列背景的样品中的胎儿DNA（例如母体血浆）的百分比来确定。 截止值也可以基于每个反应的序列的平均浓度来确定。 在一个方面，截断值由估计含有特定核酸序列的信息井的比例确定，其中所述比例基于上述百分比和/或平均浓度来确定。 截断值可以使用许多不同类型的方法来确定，例如顺序概率比测试（SPRT）。

    FETAL METHYLATION MARKERS
    6.
    发明申请
    FETAL METHYLATION MARKERS 有权
    方法甲基标记

    公开(公告)号：US20130084566A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-04-04

    申请号：US13618527

    申请日：2012-09-14

    申请人： YUK MING DENNIS LO ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Stephen Siu Chung Chim ,  Chunming Ding ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Hing Nam Ivy Wong ,  Ka Chun Ryan Yuen

    发明人： YUK MING DENNIS LO ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Stephen Siu Chung Chim ,  Chunming Ding ,  Kwan Chee Chan ,  Hing Nam Ivy Wong ,  Ka Chun Ryan Yuen

    IPC分类号： C12Q1/68

    CPC分类号： C12Q1/68 ,  C12Q1/6876 ,  C12Q1/6883 ,  C12Q2600/154 ,  C12Q2600/156

    摘要： This application describes the discovery that, in a pregnant woman, certain genes (such as RASSF1A, APC, CASP8, RARB, SCGB3A1, DAB2IP, PTPN6, THY1, TMEFF2, and PYCARD) originated from a fetus are highly methylated, whereas the same genes of maternal origin are unmethylated. This discovery allows the easy detection of one or more of these methylated fetal genes in a biological sample from a pregnant woman, serving as a universal indicator of the presence of fetal DNA in the sample. These fetal methylation markers are particularly useful as positive controls for a non-invasive analytical process during which the quality and quantity of fetal DNA are monitored. These newly identified fetal markers can also be measured directly for diagnosis of certain pregnancy-related conditions.

    摘要翻译： 该应用描述了在孕妇中发现来自胎儿的某些基因（如RASSF1A，APC，CASP8，RARB，SCGB3A1，DAB2IP，PTPN6，THY1，TMEFF2和PYCARD）高度甲基化，而相同的基因 产妇来源是未甲基化。 该发现允许从孕妇的生物样品中容易地检测这些甲基化胎儿基因中的一种或多种，​​作为样品中胎儿DNA存在的通用指标。 这些胎儿甲基化标记物作为非侵入性分析过程的阳性对照特别有用，在此过程中监测胎儿DNA的质量和数量。 这些新确定的胎儿标记物也可以直接测量以诊断某些妊娠相关病症。

    DIAGNOSING FETAL CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY USING MASSIVELY PARALLEL GENOMIC SEQUENCING
    10.
    发明申请
    DIAGNOSING FETAL CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY USING MASSIVELY PARALLEL GENOMIC SEQUENCING 审中-公开
    使用大规模并行基因测序诊断子宫颈染色体异常

    公开(公告)号：US20140256559A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

    申请号：US14057689

    申请日：2013-10-18

    申请人： Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan

    发明人： Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo ,  Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu ,  Kwan Chee Chan

    IPC分类号： C12Q1/68

    摘要： Embodiments of this invention provide methods, systems, and apparatus for determining whether a fetal chromosomal aneuploidy exists from a biological sample obtained from a pregnant female. Nucleic acid molecules of the biological sample are sequenced, such that a fraction of the genome is sequenced. Respective amounts of a clinically-relevant chromosome and of background chromosomes are determined from results of the sequencing. A parameter derived from these amounts (e.g. a ratio) is compared to one or more cutoff values, thereby determining a classification of whether a fetal chromosomal aneuploidy exists.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的实施方案提供了用于确定从怀孕女性获得的生物样品中是否存在胎儿染色体非整倍性的方法，系统和装置。 对生物样品的核酸分子进行测序，使得对基因组的一部分进行测序。 根据测序结果确定相应量的临床相关染色体和背景染色体。 将来自这些量（例如比例）的参数与一个或多个截断值进行比较，从而确定是否存在胎儿染色体非整倍性的分类。