公开(公告)号：US20090164614A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-25

申请号：US11962051

申请日：2007-12-20

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L45/22 ,  H04L29/12066 ,  H04L45/745 ,  H04L61/1511 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/1036

摘要： Techniques are described to determine clients residing behind LDNS resolvers. Web beacons instruct clients to retrieve zero-content images at unique hostnames. A request to the hostname is made by a client to an LDNS resolver. The LDNS sends the request to an authoritative server/beacon resolver for the hostname. The beacon resolver records the hostname with the LDNS resolver's IP address and responds with an IP address of a beacon collection server that is forwarded to the client by the LDNS. The client sends a request containing the unique hostname to the beacon collection server. The beacon collection server records the IP address of the client and the hostname. An aggregation server collects data from the beacon resolver and the beacon collection server. Using the hostnames as keys, IP addresses of clients are mapped to IP addresses of LDNS resolvers. Mapped data is exported to load balancing servers to determine routing.

摘要翻译： 描述技术来确定驻留在LDNS解析器之后的客户端。 Web信标指示客户端以唯一的主机名检索零内容图像。 对主机名的请求由客户端发送到LDNS解析器。 LDNS将请求发送给主机名的权威服务器/信标解析器。 信标解析器使用LDNS解析器的IP地址记录主机名，并用LDNS转发给客户端的信标收集服务器的IP地址进行响应。 客户端向信标收集服务器发送包含唯一主机名的请求。 信标收集服务器记录客户端的IP地址和主机名。 聚合服务器从信标解析器和信标收集服务器收集数据。 使用主机名作为密钥，客户端的IP地址映射到LDNS解析器的IP地址。 映射数据导出到负载平衡服务器以确定路由。

公开(公告)号：US08756340B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-17

申请号：US11962051

申请日：2007-12-20

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar

IPC分类号： G06F15/16 ,  G06F15/173 ,  H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/22 ,  H04L29/12066 ,  H04L45/745 ,  H04L61/1511 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/1036

摘要： Techniques are described to determine clients residing behind LDNS resolvers. Web beacons instruct clients to retrieve zero-content images at unique hostnames. A request to the hostname is made by a client to an LDNS resolver. The LDNS sends the request to an authoritative server/beacon resolver for the hostname. The beacon resolver records the hostname with the LDNS resolver's IP address and responds with an IP address of a beacon collection server that is forwarded to the client by the LDNS. The client sends a request containing the unique hostname to the beacon collection server. The beacon collection server records the IP address of the client and the hostname. An aggregation server collects data from the beacon resolver and the beacon collection server. Using the hostnames as keys, IP addresses of clients are mapped to IP addresses of LDNS resolvers. Mapped data is exported to load balancing servers to determine routing.

摘要翻译： 描述技术来确定驻留在LDNS解析器之后的客户端。 Web信标指示客户端以唯一的主机名检索零内容图像。 对主机名的请求由客户端发送到LDNS解析器。 LDNS将请求发送给主机名的权威服务器/信标解析器。 信标解析器使用LDNS解析器的IP地址记录主机名，并用LDNS转发给客户端的信标收集服务器的IP地址进行响应。 客户端向信标收集服务器发送包含唯一主机名的请求。 信标收集服务器记录客户端的IP地址和主机名。 聚合服务器从信标解析器和信标收集服务器收集数据。 使用主机名作为密钥，客户端的IP地址映射到LDNS解析器的IP地址。 映射数据导出到负载平衡服务器以确定路由。

公开(公告)号：US20100235441A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-16

申请号：US12790452

申请日：2010-05-28

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L29/12132 ,  H04L29/12066 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/121 ,  H04L45/122 ,  H04L45/125 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L61/1511 ,  H04L61/1552 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/101 ,  H04L67/1021 ,  H04L67/1029

摘要： Techniques are described for directing connections between clients and the closest web server. Authoritative DNS resolvers of a network are placed at edges of the network. Using anycast, the authoritative DNS resolvers advertise routes of their destination netblock to the Internet. A request from a client to connect to the network is routed, based upon BGP tables, to the closest particular authoritative DNS resolver. Once the request is received, a response is sent to the client with the IP address of the closest web server. The closest web server is determined through in-network health check measurements, with the authoritative DNS resolvers dynamically selecting IP addresses closest to themselves. Routing protocols that directed the packet to the closest authoritative DNS resolver also dictate the route of subsequent traffic to the network. Thus, the closest web server selected by the authoritative DNS resolver is also the closest web server to the client.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于指导客户端和最接近的Web服务器之间的连接的技术。 网络的权威DNS解析器放置在网络的边缘。 使用anycast，权威的DNS解析器将其目的网络块的路由通告给Internet。 来自客户端连接到网络的请求将基于BGP表路由到最接近的特定权威DNS解析器。 收到请求后，将使用最接近的Web服务器的IP地址向客户端发送响应。 通过网络内健康检查测量确定最接近的Web服务器，授权DNS解析器动态选择最接近自身的IP地址。 将分组定向到最接近的权威DNS解析器的路由协议还规定了到网络的后续流量的路由。 因此，由权威DNS解析器选择的最接近的Web服务器也是最接近客户端的Web服务器。

公开(公告)号：US20080276002A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-06

申请号：US11799763

申请日：2007-05-01

申请人： Linlong Jiang ,  Michael F. Christian

发明人： Linlong Jiang ,  Michael F. Christian

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L67/1008 ,  H04L45/00 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1029 ,  H04L67/18

摘要： Techniques are described for making the best connection between a client and a server. The best connection is determined based upon the proximity of the client to the server, and the load and availability of the server. Proximity is determined by connection racing in which response times to requests made to various sets of servers are compared. The load is determined by back-end monitoring logic for each set of servers and is indicated in the response sent by the server. The availability of the server is monitored by a virtual IP server located with each set of servers. The virtual IP server selects available servers to respond to the request from the client. When the client receives responses, the client selects a server based on (a) the response times and (b) load information in the responses in order to make the best connection.

摘要翻译： 描述了在客户端和服务器之间建立最佳连接的技术。 最佳连接是根据客户端与服务器的接近度以及服务器的负载和可用性来确定的。 接近度由连接赛车决定，其中比较了对各种服务器的请求的响应时间。 负载由每组服务器的后端监控逻辑确定，并在服务器发送的响应中指示。 服务器的可用性由位于每组服务器的虚拟IP服务器进行监控。 虚拟IP服务器选择可用服务器来响应来自客户端的请求。 当客户端收到响应时，客户端根据（a）响应时间选择服务器，（b）在响应中加载信息，以便实现最佳连接。

公开(公告)号：US08073953B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

申请号：US12790452

申请日：2010-05-28

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L29/12132 ,  H04L29/12066 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/121 ,  H04L45/122 ,  H04L45/125 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L61/1511 ,  H04L61/1552 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/101 ,  H04L67/1021 ,  H04L67/1029

摘要： Techniques are described for directing connections between clients and the closest web server. Authoritative DNS resolvers of a network are placed at edges of the network. Using anycast, the authoritative DNS resolvers advertise routes of their destination netblock to the Internet. A request from a client to connect to the network is routed, based upon BGP tables, to the closest particular authoritative DNS resolver. Once the request is received, a response is sent to the client with the IP address of the closest web server. The closest web server is determined through in-network health check measurements, with the authoritative DNS resolvers dynamically selecting IP addresses closest to themselves. Routing protocols that directed the packet to the closest authoritative DNS resolver also dictate the route of subsequent traffic to the network. Thus, the closest web server selected by the authoritative DNS resolver is also the closest web server to the client.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于指导客户端和最接近的Web服务器之间的连接的技术。 网络的权威DNS解析器放置在网络的边缘。 使用anycast，权威的DNS解析器将其目的网络块的路由通告给Internet。 来自客户端连接到网络的请求将基于BGP表路由到最接近的特定权威DNS解析器。 收到请求后，将使用最接近的Web服务器的IP地址向客户端发送响应。 通过网络内健康检查测量确定最接近的Web服务器，授权DNS解析器动态选择最接近自身的IP地址。 将分组定向到最接近的权威DNS解析器的路由协议还规定了到网络的后续流量的路由。 因此，由权威DNS解析器选择的最接近的Web服务器也是最接近客户端的Web服务器。

公开(公告)号：US07962631B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-14

申请号：US11963700

申请日：2007-12-21

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Jayanth Vijayaraghavan

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Jayanth Vijayaraghavan

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L67/1029 ,  G06F9/5027 ,  H04L41/5009 ,  H04L43/0829 ,  H04L43/0852 ,  H04L45/125 ,  H04L47/125 ,  H04L69/16 ,  H04L69/163

摘要： Techniques are described for measuring TCP connection quality between a client and a plurality of data centers. A small amount of code, called a web beacon, is placed onto production web pages. When a client requests the production web page, the web page is served to the client. When the web page code is processed, the web beacon instructs the client to retrieve zero-content images from a plurality of data centers through TCP connections in the background. As each connection is made, a passive monitoring system measures and logs statistics about each TCP connection from the client to the data center. The statistics are aggregated into a database and may be sorted based upon ranges of IP addresses of clients and the connection quality measurements. The data is exported from the database to global load balancers to determine routing from subsequent clients to the plurality of data centers.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量客户端和多个数据中心之间的TCP连接质量的技术。 称为网络信标的少量代码被放置到生产网页上。 当客户端请求生产网页时，该网页将提供给客户端。 当处理网页代码时，网络信标指示客户端通过背景中的TCP连接从多个数据中心检索零内容图像。 随着每个连接的建立，被动监控系统测量和记录从客户端到数据中心的每个TCP连接的统计信息。 统计信息被汇总到数据库中，并且可以根据客户端的IP地址范围和连接质量测量进行排序。 数据从数据库导出到全局负载平衡器，以确定从后续客户端到多个数据中心的路由。

公开(公告)号：US20090164646A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-25

申请号：US11963700

申请日：2007-12-21

申请人： Michael F. CHRISTIAN ,  David Apgar ,  Jayanth Vijayaraghavan

发明人： Michael F. CHRISTIAN ,  David Apgar ,  Jayanth Vijayaraghavan

IPC分类号： G06F15/16 ,  G06F9/50

CPC分类号： H04L67/1029 ,  G06F9/5027 ,  H04L41/5009 ,  H04L43/0829 ,  H04L43/0852 ,  H04L45/125 ,  H04L47/125 ,  H04L69/16 ,  H04L69/163

摘要： Techniques are described for measuring TCP connection quality between a client and a plurality of data centers. A small amount of code, called a web beacon, is placed onto production web pages. When a client requests the production web page, the web page is served to the client. When the web page code is processed, the web beacon instructs the client to retrieve zero-content images from a plurality of data centers through TCP connections in the background. As each connection is made, a passive monitoring system measures and logs statistics about each TCP connection from the client to the data center. The statistics are aggregated into a database and may be sorted based upon ranges of IP addresses of clients and the connection quality measurements. The data is exported from the database to global load balancers to determine routing from subsequent clients to the plurality of data centers.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量客户端和多个数据中心之间的TCP连接质量的技术。 称为网络信标的少量代码被放置到生产网页上。 当客户端请求生产网页时，该网页将提供给客户端。 当处理网页代码时，网络信标指示客户端通过背景中的TCP连接从多个数据中心检索零内容图像。 随着每个连接的建立，被动监控系统测量和记录从客户端到数据中心的每个TCP连接的统计信息。 统计信息被汇总到数据库中，并且可以根据客户端的IP地址范围和连接质量测量进行排序。 数据从数据库导出到全局负载平衡器，以确定从后续客户端到多个数据中心的路由。

公开(公告)号：US20090172192A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US11966989

申请日：2007-12-28

申请人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

发明人： Michael F. Christian ,  David Apgar ,  Igor Gashinsky ,  Leif Hedstrom ,  Nitzan Katz ,  Erik Reed ,  Ryan Troll

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L29/12132 ,  H04L29/12066 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/121 ,  H04L45/122 ,  H04L45/125 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L61/1511 ,  H04L61/1552 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/101 ,  H04L67/1021 ,  H04L67/1029

摘要： Techniques are described for directing connections between clients and the closest web server. Authoritative DNS resolvers of a network are placed at edges of the network. Using anycast, the authoritative DNS resolvers advertise routes of their destination netblock to the Internet. A request from a client to connect to the network is routed, based upon BGP tables, to the closest particular authoritative DNS resolver. Once the request is received, a response is sent to the client with the IP address of the closest web server. The closest web server is determined through in-network health check measurements, with the authoritative DNS resolvers dynamically selecting IP addresses closest to themselves. Routing protocols that directed the packet to the closest authoritative DNS resolver also dictate the route of subsequent traffic to the network. Thus, the closest web server selected by the authoritative DNS resolver is also the closest web server to the client.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于指导客户端和最接近的Web服务器之间的连接的技术。 网络的权威DNS解析器放置在网络的边缘。 使用anycast，权威的DNS解析器将其目的网络块的路由通告给Internet。 来自客户端连接到网络的请求将基于BGP表路由到最接近的特定权威DNS解析器。 收到请求后，将使用最接近的Web服务器的IP地址向客户端发送响应。 通过网络内健康检查测量确定最接近的Web服务器，授权DNS解析器动态选择最接近自身的IP地址。 将分组定向到最接近的权威DNS解析器的路由协议还规定了到网络的后续流量的路由。 因此，由权威DNS解析器选择的最接近的Web服务器也是最接近客户端的Web服务器。