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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07336908B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-26
申请号：US11530270
申请日：2006-09-08
IPC分类号： H04B10/06
CPC分类号： H04B10/671 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/06
摘要： An optical communication system configured to operate with optical signals at lower signal to noise ratios than previously contemplated. The communication system includes a receiver having an optical pre-processor coupled between a demultiplexer and a detector. The optical pre-processor includes either an optical polarization section having a polarization rotator and an optical polarizer, a phase modulation section that includes a phase modulator and a dispersion element and a clock recovery circuit, or an amplitude modulation section that includes an amplitude modulator clock recovery circuit and a spectral shaping filter. A method of communication includes transmitting an optical signal into the system and receiving the signal at a reduced signal-to-noise ratio through a transmission media, demultiplexing the optical transmission signal into a first optical signal, and pre-processing the first optical signal to form a first pre-processed signal by either rotating a polarization of the first optical signal, compressing a pulse in the first optical signal, or modulating an amplitude of a pulse in the first optical signal. The method then detects the first pre-processed signal to form an electrical signal. A reference signal-to-noise ratio is defined as a signal-to-noise ratio of a received signal that would produce a predetermined bit error rate in the electrical signal if the signal-to-noise ratio were to be determined with the pre-processing step omitted. The reduced signal-to-noise ratio is less than the reference signal-to-noise ratio, and a bit error rate in the electrical signal is less than the predetermined bit error rate when the step of transmitting transmits at the reduced signal-to-noise ratio.
摘要翻译： 光通信系统被配置为以比先前预期的更低的信噪比操作光信号。 通信系统包括具有耦合在解复用器和检测器之间的光学预处理器的接收机。 光学预处理器包括具有偏振旋转器和光偏振器的光偏振部分，包括相位调制器和色散元件的相位调制部分和时钟恢复电路，或包括振幅调制器时钟 恢复电路和频谱整形滤波器。 一种通信方法包括：将光信号发射到系统中，并通过传输介质以降低的信噪比接收信号，将光传输信号解复用为第一光信号，并将第一光信号预处理成 通过旋转第一光信号的偏振，压缩第一光信号中的脉冲或调制第一光信号中的脉冲幅度来形成第一预处理信号。 该方法然后检测第一预处理信号以形成电信号。 参考信噪比被定义为如果信号噪声比要用预编码器确定的，则在电信号中将产生预定误比特率的接收信号的信噪比， 处理步骤省略。 降低的信噪比小于参考信噪比，并且当发送的发送步骤以降低的信号 - 噪声比传输时，电信号中的误码率小于预定的误码率， 噪音比。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07203429B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-10
申请号：US09850600
申请日：2001-05-07
IPC分类号： H04B10/06
CPC分类号： H04B10/671 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/06
摘要： An optical communication system configured to operate with optical signals at lower signal to noise ratios than previously contemplated. The communication system includes a receiver having an optical pre-processor coupled between a demultiplexer and a detector. The optical pre-processor includes either an optical polarization section having a polarization rotator and an optical polarizer, a phase modulation section that includes a phase modulator and a dispersion element and a clock recovery circuit, or an amplitude modulation section that includes an amplitude modulator clock recovery circuit and a spectral shaping filter. A method of communication includes transmitting an optical signal into the system and receiving the signal at a reduced signal-to-noise ratio through a transmission media, demultiplexing the optical transmission signal into a first optical signal, and pre-processing the first optical signal to form a first pre-processed signal by either rotating a polarization of the first optical signal, compressing a pulse in the first optical signal, or modulating an amplitude of a pulse in the first optical signal. The method then detects the first pre-processed signal to form an electrical signal. A reference signal-to-noise ratio is defined as a signal-to-noise ratio of a received signal that would produce a predetermined bit error rate in the electrical signal if the signal-to-noise ratio were to be determined with the pre-processing step omitted. The reduced signal-to-noise ratio is less than the reference signal-to-noise ratio, and a bit error rate in the electrical signal is less than the predetermined bit error rate when the step of transmitting transmits at the reduced signal-to-noise ratio.
摘要翻译： 光通信系统被配置为以比先前预期的更低的信噪比操作光信号。 通信系统包括具有耦合在解复用器和检测器之间的光学预处理器的接收机。 光学预处理器包括具有偏振旋转器和光偏振器的光偏振部分，包括相位调制器和色散元件的相位调制部分和时钟恢复电路，或包括振幅调制器时钟 恢复电路和频谱整形滤波器。 一种通信方法包括：将光信号发射到系统中，并通过传输介质以降低的信噪比接收信号，将光传输信号解复用为第一光信号，并将第一光信号预处理成 通过旋转第一光信号的偏振，压缩第一光信号中的脉冲或调制第一光信号中的脉冲幅度来形成第一预处理信号。 该方法然后检测第一预处理信号以形成电信号。 参考信噪比被定义为如果信号噪声比要用预编码器确定的，则在电信号中将产生预定误比特率的接收信号的信噪比， 处理步骤省略。 降低的信噪比小于参考信噪比，并且当发送的发送步骤以降低的信号 - 噪声比传输时，电信号中的误码率小于预定的误码率， 噪音比。
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3.发明授权Synchronous amplitude modulation for improved performance of optical transmission systems 有权同步幅度调制，用于改善光传输系统的性能公开(公告)号：US06556326B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-29
申请号：US09776942
申请日：2001-01-17
申请人： Neal S. Bergano
发明人： Neal S. Bergano
IPC分类号： H04B1006
CPC分类号： H04B10/532
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided that yields improved performance of both single channel and WDM long-distance optical transmission systems by synchronously modulating of the transmitted signal's amplitude. An amplitude modulator receives an optical signal onto which data has been modulated at a predetermined frequency. The modulator re-modulates the amplitude of the optical signal in a continues fashion with a waveform that is periodic, whose fundamental frequency is equal to the same predetermined frequency at which the data is modulated onto the optical signal. The resulting signal (which is neither a pure NRZ or RZ signal) is more tolerant to the distortions usually found in lightwave transmission systems, thus giving superior transmission performance.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，其通过同步调制发射信号的振幅来提高单通道和WDM长距离光传输系统的性能。 幅度调制器接收以预定频率调制数据的光信号。 调制器以具有周期性的波形以持续的方式重新调制光信号的幅度，其基频等于数据被调制到光信号上的相同预定频率。 所得到的信号（其既不是纯NRZ或RZ信号）对于通常在光波传输系统中发现的失真更为宽容，因此具有出色的传输性能。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06744992B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US10315560
申请日：2002-12-10
申请人： Neal S. Bergano
发明人： Neal S. Bergano
IPC分类号： H04B1004
CPC分类号： H04B10/532
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided that yields improved performance of both single channel and WDM long-distance optical transmission systems by synchronously modulating of the transmitted signal's amplitude. An amplitude modulator receives an optical signal onto which data has been modulated at a predetermined frequency. The modulator re-modulates the amplitude of the optical signal in a continues fashion with a waveform that is periodic, whose fundamental frequency is equal to the same predetermined frequency at which the data is modulated onto the optical signal. The resulting signal (which is neither a pure NRZ or RZ signal) is more tolerant to the distortions usually found in lightwave transmission systems, thus giving superior transmission performance.
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5.再颁专利公开(公告)号：USRE38289E1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09834558
申请日：2001-04-13
申请人： Neal S. Bergano
发明人： Neal S. Bergano
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04B10/2519 , G02B6/2932 , G02B6/29394 , H04B10/2525 , H04B2210/258 , H04J14/02
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for managing dispersion in a WDM optical transmission system so that transmission performance is improved. The usable optical bandwidth of the transmission system is divided into sub-bands that individually undergo dispersion compensation before being re-combined. Accordingly, in comparison to known dispersion mapping techniques, more WDM data channels reside near a wavelength corresponding to the average zero dispersion wavelength.
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for transmitting a WDM optical signal having states of polarization that are pairwise orthogonal 有权用于发送具有成对正交的极化状态的WDM光信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06459515B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09267325
申请日：1999-03-12
申请人： Neal S. Bergano
发明人： Neal S. Bergano
IPC分类号： H04J1402
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for transmitting an optical signal having a total number of channels that are dividable into a prescribed number of wavebands. The method includes the step of generating a first series of optical signals corresponding to each of the wavebands. The first series of optical signals includes a plurality of optical channels, which are sequentially numbered from 1 to N from lowest to highest wavelength. Within each waveband, a state-of-polarization of predetermined odd-numbered channels is oriented to be substantially orthogonal to a state of polarization of predetermined even-numbered channels by directing the predetermined odd-numbered channels and the predetermined even-numbered channels through orthogonally polarizing inputs of a polarization coupler. The odd-numbered channels and the even-numbered channels within each waveband may be directed through first and second wavelength combiners, respectively, prior to orienting their states of polarization. The orthogonal relationship between the states of polarization of odd and even-numbered channels within each waveband advantageously limits the four-wave mixing products that can be generated in the optical transmitter and the optical transmission path to which it is typically coupled.
摘要翻译： 提供一种方法和装置，用于发送具有可分割成规定数量的波段的通道总数的光信号。 该方法包括产生对应于每个波段的第一系列光信号的步骤。 第一系列光信号包括多个光通道，它们从最低到最高波长从1到N顺序编号。 在每个波段内，通过正交地引导预定的奇数通道和预定的偶数通道，将预定奇数通道的极化状态定向为与预定偶数通道的极化状态正交 极化耦合器的极化输入。 在定向其极化状态之前，每个波段内的奇数通道和偶数通道可分别被引导通过第一和第二波长组合器。 每个波段内的奇数和偶数通道的极化状态之间的正交关系有利地限制了可以在光发射器中产生的四波混频产物和通常耦合到其中的光传输路径。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06342961B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-29
申请号：US09632415
申请日：2000-08-04
申请人： Neal S. Bergano , Carl Davidson
发明人： Neal S. Bergano , Carl Davidson
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04B10/2507 , H04B10/2563 , H04B10/503 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5051 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/532 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/06
摘要： A gain-clamped, optical amplifier includes a rare-earth doped fiber and a source of pump energy coupled to the rare-earth doped fiber. The doped fiber serves as a gain medium that is optically pumped by the pump source. A wavelength-selective optical feedback loop is coupled between input and output ports of the rare-earth doped fiber. The feedback loop supports a compensating laser signal, which is a pulsed signal located at a wavelength different from a signal wavelength.
摘要翻译： 增益钳位的光放大器包括稀土掺杂光纤和耦合到稀土掺杂光纤的泵浦能量源。 掺杂光纤用作由泵浦光泵浦的增益介质。 波长选择性光反馈回路耦合在稀土掺杂光纤的输入和输出端口之间。 反馈回路支持补偿激光信号，其是位于与信号波长不同的波长的脉冲信号。
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8.发明授权Technique for reducing polarization dependent gain in an amplified optical transmission system 失效用于减小放大光传输系统中偏振相关增益的技术
公开(公告)号：US5345331A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US46536
申请日：1993-04-13
CPC分类号： H04B10/291 , H04B10/2569 , H04B10/2912 , H04B10/2933
摘要： A technique employing a depolarized optical source to reduce the polarization dependent gain associated with the optical pump signal used to excite doped fiber amplifiers within an optical transmission system. Pumping the doped fiber amplifiers with a signal that has no single predominant linear SOP, equalizes the gain of the amplifiers. A particular embodiment of the invention includes a pump comprised of a passive polarization scrambler coupled to the output of a multifrequency optical laser. The simple, passive arrangement keeps overall system costs to a minimum and increases reliability.
摘要翻译： 一种使用去极化光源来减少与用于激发光传输系统内的掺杂光纤放大器的光泵浦信号相关的偏振相关增益的技术。 用不具有单个主要线性SOP的信号对掺杂光纤放大器进行泵浦，从而均衡放大器的增益。 本发明的一个具体实施例包括一泵，该泵包括耦合到多频光学激光器的输出的无源极化扰频器。 简单，被动的安排将整个系统成本降至最低，并提高可靠性。
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公开(公告)号：US5173957A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-22
申请号：US758665
申请日：1991-09-12
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/09408 , H01S5/06825
摘要： Currently laser diode pump redundancy for an optical fiber amplifier is obtained by selectively connecting one of two diode pumps to an optical amplifier via an optical switch. When the diode laser pump which is connected to the amplifier becomes defective, the optical switch is activated, either remotely or automatically, and the good laser diode is substituted for the defective laser diode pump. In another arrangement, two laser diodes are coupled to an optical fiber amplifier via a polarization-dependent optical coupler. In each instance, a second laser diode is required to provide pump redundancy for an optical fiber amplifier.In this invention, at least, two laser diodes are coupled via a 3 dB optical coupler to supply pump power to each of the two optical fiber amplifiers simultaneously. If one of the laser diode pumps fails, the other laser diode pump provides pump power to each of the optical fiber amplifiers. Thus, with the addition of a 3 dB coupler, pump redundancy for a pair of optical fiber amplifiers is obtained with only two laser diode pumps instead of the normally required four laser diode pumps. In practice, only one of the two pumps can be active, and the other turned on only when the first pump fails. In another embodiment, the two laser diode pumps can be active at all times where each laser diode pump is operated at either full or less than full power. In the arrangement where the laser diode pumps are operated simultaneously at less than full power, when a pump failure occurs the power output of the good laser diode pump can be increased to compensate for the loss of power from the defective pump.
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10.发明申请Synchronous Amplitude Modulation for Improved Performance of Optical Transmission Systems 审中-公开用于提高光传输系统性能的同步幅度调制公开(公告)号：US20080131142A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11876966
申请日：2007-10-23
申请人： Neal S. Bergano
发明人： Neal S. Bergano
IPC分类号： H04B10/04
CPC分类号： H04B10/532
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided that yields improved performance of both single channel and WDM long-distance optical transmission systems by synchronously modulating of the transmitted signal's amplitude. An amplitude modulator receives an optical signal onto which data has been modulated at a predetermined frequency. The modulator re-modulates the amplitude of the optical signal in a continues fashion with a waveform that is periodic, whose fundamental frequency is equal to the same predetermined frequency at which the data is modulated onto the optical signal. The resulting signal (which is neither a pure NRZ or RZ signal) is more tolerant to the distortions usually found in lightwave transmission systems, thus giving superior transmission performance.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，其通过同步调制发射信号的振幅来提高单通道和WDM长距离光传输系统的性能。 幅度调制器接收以预定频率调制数据的光信号。 调制器以具有周期性的波形以持续的方式重新调制光信号的幅度，其基频等于数据被调制到光信号上的相同预定频率。 所得到的信号（其既不是纯NRZ或RZ信号）对于通常在光波传输系统中发现的失真更为宽容，因此具有出色的传输性能。
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