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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5574215A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US396378
申请日：1995-02-28
摘要： A method for calculating the average molecular weight of individual molecules in a sample, where the molecules in solution associate to form clusters. Data sets of apparent molecular weight of the sample versus concentration of the sample in the solvent are generated. The basic principles and technology in generation of the data is the well understood action of a solute upon the solvent vapor pressure above the solution. By observing the effect of a sample solute on the temperature/vapor pressure properties of a solvent, it is possible by known methods to determine its molecular weight. When dealing with a solute material that tends to form clusters, however, the molecular weight found is an apparent molecular weight, i.e. the average molecular weight of all of the particles, which are the clusters and any unassociated molecules, if any. To determine the true molecular weight, a method employing the determined apparent molecular weights, referred to herein as the BRD method, is used. Since the method is based upon cluster thermodynamics and equilibrium properties, it reflects more accurately the behavior of the clusters at various dilutions. The method provides a basis for the prediction of thermodynamic and equilibrium properties, which was not possible with previous methods.
摘要翻译： 用于计算样品中各分子的平均分子量的方法，其中溶液中的分子缔合形成簇。 产生样品的表观分子量与样品在溶剂中的浓度的数据集。 产生数据的基本原理和技术是溶质对解决方案以上溶剂蒸汽压力的充分了解的作用。 通过观察样品溶质对溶剂的温度/蒸气压特性的影响，可以通过已知方法确定其分子量。 然而，当处理倾向于形成簇的溶质材料时，发现的分子量是表观分子量，即所有颗粒的平均分子量，其是簇和任何非相关分子（如果有的话）。 为了确定真实的分子量，使用采用确定的表观分子量的方法，这里称为BRD方法。 由于该方法是基于聚类热力学和平衡性质的，所以它更准确地反映了各种稀释的簇的行为。 该方法为热力学和平衡性质的预测提供了依据，这是以前的方法是不可能的。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5739423A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US748133
申请日：1996-11-12
摘要： A method for calculating the average aggregate mass of individual molecules in a sample, where the molecules in solution associate to form clusters. Data sets of average aggregate mass of the sample versus concentration of the sample in the solvent are generated. The basic principles and technology in generation of the data is the well understood action of a solute upon the solvent vapor pressure above the solution. By observing the effect of a sample solute on the temperature/vapor pressure properties of a solvent, if is possible by known methods to determine its average aggregate mass. When dealing with a solute material that tends to form clusters, however, the average aggregate mass found is an apparent average aggregate mass, i.e. the average aggregate mass of all of the particles, which are the clusters and any unassociated molecules, if any. To determine the true average aggregate mass, a method employing the determined apparent average aggregate masses, referred to herein as the BRD method, is used. Since the method is based upon cluster thermodynamics and equilibrium properties, it reflects more accurately the behavior of the clusters at various dilutions. The method provides a basis for the prediction of thermodynamic and equilibrium properties, which was not possible with previous methods.
摘要翻译： 用于计算样品中各个分子的平均总质量的方法，其中溶液中的分子缔合形成簇。 产生样品的平均总质量与样品在溶剂中的浓度的数据集。 产生数据的基本原理和技术是溶质对解决方案以上溶剂蒸汽压力的充分了解的作用。 通过观察样品溶质对溶剂的温度/蒸气压特性的影响，如果可能通过已知方法确定其平均总质量。 然而，当处理倾向于形成簇的溶质材料时，发现的平均总质量是表观平均聚集体质量，即所有颗粒的平均总质量，其为聚集体和任何未缔合的分子（如果有的话）。 为了确定真实的平均总质量，使用采用确定的表观平均聚集体质量的方法，这里称为BRD方法。 由于该方法是基于聚类热力学和平衡性质的，所以它更准确地反映了各种稀释的簇的行为。 该方法为热力学和平衡性质的预测提供了依据，这是以前的方法是不可能的。
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公开(公告)号：US5284630A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US775214
申请日：1991-10-11
申请人： James W. Bunger , Hoil Ryu , Prasad A. V. Devineni
发明人： James W. Bunger , Hoil Ryu , Prasad A. V. Devineni
摘要： A two-stage process for producing acetylene and calcium chloride from calcium carbide and water has two successive reaction steps. In step Number 1, calcium carbide is charged into an entrained flow-type reactor vessel containing water. The reaction which follows proceeds to about 60-90% completion. The entrained reaction products and the unreacted feed material are carried over to a secondary reactor to complete the reaction, and the acetylene gas is drawn off. Calcium hydroxide product is removed from the reactor and reacted with hydrogen chloride to form calcium chloride. Heat generated by the exothermic reactions of water with calcium carbide and HCl with calcium hydroxide is used to dry the calcium chloride product and improve its value. In the presence of excess water, the calcium carbide-water reaction is effectively a first order, irreversible reaction.
摘要翻译： 从碳化钙和水生产乙炔和氯化钙的两阶段方法有两个连续的反应步骤。 在步骤1中，将碳化钙装入含有水的夹带流动式反应器容器中。 随后的反应进行到约60-90％的完成。 将夹带的反应产物和未反应的进料输送到二级反应器中以完成反应，并将乙炔气体排出。 从反应器中除去氢氧化钙产物，与氯化氢反应形成氯化钙。 用钙与碳酸钙和HCl与氢氧化钙的放热反应产生的热量用于干燥氯化钙产品并提高其价值。 在存在过量水的情况下，碳化钙 - 水反应实际上是一级的，不可逆的反应。
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公开(公告)号：US5082644A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US704713
申请日：1991-05-17
申请人： James W. Bunger , Hoil Ryu , Prasad A. V. Devineni
发明人： James W. Bunger , Hoil Ryu , Prasad A. V. Devineni
摘要： A two-stage process for producing acetylene and calcium chloride from calcium carbide and water has two successive reaction steps. In step Number 1, calcium carbide is charged into an entrained flow-type reactor vessel containing water. The reaction which follows proceeds to about 60-90% completion. The entrained reaction products and the unreacted feed material are carried over to a secondary reactor to complete the reaction, and the acetylene gas is drawn off. Calcium hydroxide product is removed from the reactor and reacted with hydrogen chloride to form calcium chloride. Heat generated by the exothermic reactions of water with calcium carbide and HCl with calcium hydroxide is used to dry the calcium chloride product and improve its value. In the presence of excess water, the calcium carbide-water reaction is effectively a first order, irreversible reaction.
摘要翻译： 从碳化钙和水生产乙炔和氯化钙的两阶段方法有两个连续的反应步骤。 在步骤1中，将碳化钙装入含有水的夹带流动式反应器容器中。 随后的反应进行到约60-90％的完成。 将夹带的反应产物和未反应的进料输送到二级反应器中以完成反应，并将乙炔气体排出。 从反应器中除去氢氧化钙产物，与氯化氢反应形成氯化钙。 用钙与碳酸钙和HCl与氢氧化钙的放热反应产生的热量用于干燥氯化钙产品并提高其价值。 在存在过量水的情况下，碳化钙 - 水反应实际上是一级的，不可逆的反应。
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