公开(公告)号：US06219452B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-17

申请号：US09227506

申请日：1999-01-06

申请人： Dinesh Nair ,  Lothar Wenzel ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

发明人： Dinesh Nair ,  Lothar Wenzel ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

IPC分类号： G06K964

CPC分类号： G06K9/6203 ,  G06T7/223 ,  G06T7/248 ,  G06T7/74 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  G06T2207/30108

摘要： A system and method for performing pattern matching to locate zero or more instances of a template image in a target image. The method first comprises sampling the template image using a Low Discrepancy sequence, also referred to as a quasi-random sequence, to determine a plurality of sample pixels in the template image which accurately characterize the template image. The Low Discrepancy sequence is designed to produce sample points which maximally avoid each other. After the template image is sampled or characterized, the method then performs pattern matching using the sample pixels and the target image to determine zero or more locations of the template image in the target image. The method may also perform a local stability analysis around at least a subset of the sample pixels to determine a lesser third number of sample pixels which have a desired degree of stability, and then perform pattern matching using the third plurality of sample pixels. In one embodiment, the local stability analysis determines a plurality of sets of sample pixels with differing stability neighborhood sizes, and the pattern matching performs a plurality of iterations of pattern matching using different sets of sample pixels, preferably performed in a coarse to fine manner, e.g., using sets of sample pixels with successively smaller stability neighborhood sizes and/or step sizes. The present invention also includes performing rotation invariant pattern matching by sampling the template image along one or more rotationally invariant paths, preferably circular perimeters, to produce one or more sets of sample pixels. These sample pixels from the circular paths are then used in the pattern matching. The rotationally invariant pattern matching may also use local stability analysis and coarse to fine searching techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种用于执行模式匹配以在目标图像中定位模板图像的零个或多个实例的系统和方法。 该方法首先包括使用低差异序列（也称为准随机序列）对模板图像进行采样，以确定模板图像中准确表征模板图像的多个样本像素。 低差异序列被设计为产生最大程度地避免彼此的采样点。 在模板图像被采样或表征之后，该方法然后使用样本像素和目标图像执行模式匹配，以确定目标图像中模板图像的零个或多个位置。 该方法还可以围绕样本像素的至少一个子集执行局部稳定性分析，以确定具有期望程度的稳定性的较小的第三数量的采样像素，然后使用第三多个采样像素执行模式匹配。 在一个实施例中，本地稳定性分析确定具有不同稳定性邻域大小的多组样本像素，并且模式匹配使用不同的采样像素集合执行多次迭代的模式匹配，优选地以粗略到精细的方式执行， 例如，使用具有连续更小的稳定性邻域大小和/或步长的样本像素集合。 本发明还包括通过沿着一个或多个旋转不变路径（优选圆周周长）采样模板图像来执行旋转不变模式匹配，以产生一组或多组采样像素。 来自圆形路径的这些采样像素然后用于模式匹配。 旋转不变模式匹配还可以使用局部稳定性分析和粗略到精细搜索技术。

公开(公告)号：US5771388A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-23

申请号：US851834

申请日：1997-05-06

申请人： Dan Mondrik ,  Samson DeKey ,  Hugo Andrade

发明人： Dan Mondrik ,  Samson DeKey ,  Hugo Andrade

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F13/10 ,  G06F3/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/45537 ,  G06F13/105 ,  G06F8/20 ,  G06F8/24

摘要： A system and method for enabling applications written for SICL driver level software to operate with a VISA system. The present invention maps driver level event function calls from the SICL driver level library to VISA resource operations. This enables a VISA system to operate in conjunction with applications written for the SICL I/O library. The SICL Driver level library provides a completely different methodology for enabling and handling events than does a VISA system. According to the present invention, the method verifies and translate session identifier parameters from SICL functions to corresponding session identifiers in a VISA system. The method also verifies and translates interrupt condition parameters from SICL to corresponding event types in VISA for numerous event functions. Further, the method examines parameters in various SICL event functions and invokes the appropriate VISA operations to perform the indicated functions. In many instances, the method of the present invention is required to invoke multiple VISA operations to perform the desired functions indicated by a single SICL function. The method of the present invention performs many other operations necessary to map SICL event commands to the appropriate VISA operations.

摘要翻译： 一种使SICL驱动程序级软件编写的应用程序能够与VISA系统一起运行的系统和方法。 本发明将来自SICL驱动程序级库的驱动程序级事件函数调用映射到VISA资源操作。 这使得VISA系统能够与为SICL I / O库编写的应用程序一起运行。 SICL驱动程序级库为VISA系统提供了一种完全不同的启用和处理事件的方法。 根据本发明，该方法将会话标识符参数从SICL功能验证并转换为VISA系统中的对应会话标识符。 该方法还可以将许可事件功能中的中断条件参数从SICL验证并转换为VISA中的相应事件类型。 此外，该方法检查各种SICL事件功能中的参数，并调用适当的VISA操作来执行指示的功能。 在许多情况下，本发明的方法需要调用多个VISA操作来执行由单个SICL功能指示的所需功能。 本发明的方法执行将SICL事件命令映射到适当的VISA操作所需的许多其它操作。

公开(公告)号：US06370270B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09385121

申请日：1999-08-27

申请人： Dinesh Nair ,  Lothar Wenzel ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

发明人： Dinesh Nair ,  Lothar Wenzel ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

IPC分类号： G06K962

CPC分类号： G06K9/6203 ,  G06K2209/19 ,  G06T7/223 ,  G06T7/248 ,  G06T7/74 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  G06T2207/30108

摘要： A system and method for improved image characterization, object placement, and mesh design utilizing Low Discrepancy sequences. The Low Discrepancy sequence is designed to produce sample points which maximally avoid one another, i.e., the distance between any two sample points is maximized. The invention may be applied specifically to methods of image characterization, pattern matching, acquiring image statistics, object location, image reconstruction, motion estimation, object placement, sensor placement, and mesh design, among others. Image characterization is performed by receiving an image and then sampling the image using a Low Discrepancy sequence, also referred to as a quasi-random sequence, to determine a plurality of sample pixels in the image which characterize the image. Sensor placement is performed by generating a Low Discrepancy sequence for the desired placement application, and then selecting locations for the optimal placement of sensors using the generated Low Discrepancy sequence.

摘要翻译： 一种利用低差异序列改进图像表征，物体放置和网格设计的系统和方法。 低偏差序列被设计为产生最大程度地相互避免的采样点，即，任何两个采样点之间的距离最大化。 本发明可以专门应用于图像表征，模式匹配，获取图像统计，对象位置，图像重建，运动估计，对象放置，传感器放置和网格设计等的方法。 通过接收图像并且然后使用低差异序列（也称为准随机序列）对图像进行采样来确定图像中表征图像的多个样本像素来执行图像表征。 通过为所需的放置应用生成低差分序列，然后使用生成的低差异序列选择位置以实现传感器的最佳放置来执行传感器放置。

公开(公告)号：US5640572A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-17

申请号：US432601

申请日：1995-05-01

申请人： Dan Mondrik ,  Samson DeKey ,  Hugo Andrade

发明人： Dan Mondrik ,  Samson DeKey ,  Hugo Andrade

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F13/10 ,  G06F3/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/45537 ,  G06F13/105 ,  G06F8/20 ,  G06F8/24

摘要： A system and method for enabling applications written for SICL driver level software to operate with a VISA system. The present invention maps driver level event function calls from the SICL driver level library to VISA resource operations. This enables a VISA system to operate in conjunction with applications written for the SICL I/O library. The SICL Driver level library provides a completely different methodology for enabling and handling events than does a VISA system. According to the present invention, the method verifies and translate session identifier parameters from SICL functions to corresponding session identifiers in a VISA system. The method also verifies and translates interrupt condition parameters from SICL to corresponding event types in VISA for numerous event functions. Further, the method examines parameters in various SICL event functions and invokes the appropriate VISA operations to perform the indicated functions. In many instances, the method of the present invention is required to invoke multiple VISA operations to perform the desired functions indicated by a single SICL function. The method of the present invention performs many other operations necessary to map SICL event commands to the appropriate VISA operations.

摘要翻译： 一种使SICL驱动程序级软件编写的应用程序能够与VISA系统一起运行的系统和方法。 本发明将来自SICL驱动程序级库的驱动程序级事件函数调用映射到VISA资源操作。 这使得VISA系统能够与为SICL I / O库编写的应用程序一起运行。 SICL驱动程序级库为VISA系统提供了一种完全不同的启用和处理事件的方法。 根据本发明，该方法将会话标识符参数从SICL功能验证并转换为VISA系统中的对应会话标识符。 该方法还可以将许可事件功能中的中断条件参数从SICL验证并转换为VISA中的相应事件类型。 此外，该方法检查各种SICL事件功能中的参数，并调用适当的VISA操作来执行指示的功能。 在许多情况下，本发明的方法需要调用多个VISA操作来执行由单个SICL功能指示的所需功能。 本发明的方法执行将SICL事件命令映射到适当的VISA操作所需的许多其它操作。

公开(公告)号：US06222940B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09227507

申请日：1999-01-06

申请人： Lothar Wenzel ,  Dinesh Nair ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson Dekey

发明人： Lothar Wenzel ,  Dinesh Nair ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson Dekey

IPC分类号： G06K964

CPC分类号： G06K9/6203 ,  G06T7/223 ,  G06T7/248 ,  G06T7/74 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  G06T2207/30108

摘要： A system and method for performing pattern matching to locate zero or more instances of a template image in a target image. The method first comprises sampling the template image using a Low Discrepancy sequence, also referred to as a quasi-random sequence, to determine a plurality of sample pixels in the template image which accurately characterize the template image. The Low Discrepancy sequence is designed to produce sample points which maximally avoid each other. After the template image is sampled or characterized, the method then performs pattern matching using the sample pixels and the target image to determine zero or more locations of the template image in the target image. The method may also perform a local stability analysis around at least a subset of the sample pixels to determine a lesser third number of sample pixels which have a desired degree of stability, and then perform pattern matching using the third plurality of sample pixels. In one embodiment, the local stability analysis determines a plurality of sets of sample pixels with differing stability neighborhood sizes, and the pattern matching performs a plurality of iterations of pattern matching using different sets of sample pixels, preferably performed in a coarse to fine manner, e.g., using sets of sample pixels with successively smaller stability neighborhood sizes and/or step sizes. The present invention also includes performing rotation invariant pattern matching by sampling the template image along one or more rotationally invariant paths, preferably circular perimeters, to produce one or more sets of sample pixels. These sample pixels from the circular paths are then used in the pattern matching. The rotationally invariant pattern matching may also use local stability analysis and coarse to fine searching techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种用于执行模式匹配以在目标图像中定位零个或多个模板图像实例的系统和方法。 该方法首先包括使用低差异序列（也称为准随机序列）对模板图像进行采样，以确定模板图像中准确表征模板图像的多个样本像素。 低差异序列被设计为产生最大程度地避免彼此的采样点。 在模板图像被采样或表征之后，该方法然后使用样本像素和目标图像执行模式匹配，以确定目标图像中模板图像的零个或多个位置。 该方法还可以围绕样本像素的至少一个子集执行局部稳定性分析，以确定具有期望程度的稳定性的较小的第三数量的采样像素，然后使用第三多个采样像素执行模式匹配。 在一个实施例中，本地稳定性分析确定具有不同稳定性邻域大小的多组样本像素，并且模式匹配使用不同的采样像素集合执行多次迭代的模式匹配，优选地以粗略到精细的方式执行， 例如，使用具有连续更小的稳定性邻域大小和/或步长的样本像素集合。 本发明还包括通过沿着一个或多个旋转不变路径（优选圆周周长）采样模板图像来执行旋转不变模式匹配，以产生一组或多组采样像素。 来自圆形路径的这些采样像素然后用于模式匹配。 旋转不变模式匹配还可以使用局部稳定性分析和粗略到精细搜索技术。

公开(公告)号：US5847955A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

申请号：US880340

申请日：1997-06-23

申请人： Bob Mitchell ,  Hugo Andrade ,  Jogen Pathak ,  Samson DeKey ,  Abhay Shah ,  Todd Brower

发明人： Bob Mitchell ,  Hugo Andrade ,  Jogen Pathak ,  Samson DeKey ,  Abhay Shah ,  Todd Brower

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F13/10 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G06F9/455 ,  G06F13/105 ,  G06F8/20 ,  G06F8/24 ,  G06F9/45537 ,  Y10S715/97

摘要： A system and method for controlling a computer-based instrumentation system which provides simplified application development and improved performance for instrumentation systems. The present invention provides a system including a software architecture which defines the control and management of an instrumentation system. The present invention includes a base object class, an object manager, session and resource classes, and one or more resource templates. The instrumentation system of the present invention provides a plurality of instrument control resources which are used as building blocks to create instrument drivers and higher level applications. The present invention also uses object oriented technology which allows device resources to be easily combined to create higher level applications. The present invention is independent of I/O interface type, operating system, and programming language while also providing a common look and feel and consistent API to the user. The present invention includes novel methods for access control, event handling, resource management, and resource addressing, among others.

摘要翻译： 一种用于控制基于计算机的仪表系统的系统和方法，其提供用于仪表系统的简化的应用开发和改进的性能。 本发明提供一种包括定义仪器系统的控制和管理的软件架构的系统。 本发明包括基础对象类，对象管理器，会话和资源类以及一个或多个资源模板。 本发明的仪表系统提供了多个仪器控制资源，其被用作构建块以产生仪器驱动器和更高级应用。 本发明还使用面向对象的技术，其允许容易地组合设备资源以创建更高级别的应用。 本发明独立于I / O接口类型，操作系统和编程语言，同时还向用户提供通用的外观和一致的API。 本发明包括用于访问控制，事件处理，资源管理和资源寻址等的新颖方法。

公开(公告)号：US06715139B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

申请号：US09631525

申请日：2000-08-03

申请人： Jeffrey L Kodosky ,  Darshan Shah ,  Samson DeKey ,  Steve Rogers

发明人： Jeffrey L Kodosky ,  Darshan Shah ,  Samson DeKey ,  Steve Rogers

IPC分类号： G06F944

CPC分类号： G06F8/34 ,  G06F9/44505

摘要： A computer-based virtual instrumentation system including a host computer and an embedded system or device, wherein graphical programs created using the computer system can be downloaded to the embedded system for execution in a real-time or more deterministic manner. The present invention thus provides a method for automatically generating an embedded application in response to a graphical program created by a user. This provides the user the ability to develop or define instrument functionality using graphical programming techniques, while enabling the resulting program to operate in an embedded real-time system. The invention includes a novel method for configuring the embedded system. During execution of a graphical program in the embedded system, the block diagram portion executes in the embedded system, and the host CPU executes front panel display code to display on the screen the graphical front panel of the graphical program. The embedded system and the host computer exchange data using a front panel protocol to enable this operation. The present invention also includes improved debugging support for graphical programs executing on the embedded system. The host graphical programming system thus provides the user interface for graphical programs executing on the embedded system, essentially acting as the front panel “browser” for embedded applications. The host LabVIEW can also act as an independent application communicating with embedded LabVIEW through the shared memory. The host graphical programming system further provides a seamless environment in which the user can develop an embedded application using high level graphical programming techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种基于计算机的虚拟仪器系统，包括主计算机和嵌入式系统或设备，其中使用计算机系统创建的图形程序可以被下载到嵌入式系统中以便以实时或更确定的方式执行。 因此，本发明提供了一种用于响应于由用户创建的图形程序自动生成嵌入式应用的方法。 这为用户提供了使用图形编程技术开发或定义仪器功能的能力，同时使生成的程序能够在嵌入式实时系统中运行。 本发明包括一种用于配置嵌入式系统的新方法。 在嵌入式系统中执行图形程序期间，框图部分在嵌入式系统中执行，并且主机CPU执行前面板显示代码以在屏幕上显示图形程序的图形前面板。 嵌入式系统和主机使用前面板协议交换数据以启用此操作。 本发明还包括对在嵌入式系统上执行的图形程序的改进的调试支持。 因此，主机图形编程系统为嵌入式系统上执行的图形程序提供用户界面，基本上充当嵌入式应用程序的前面板“浏览器”。 主机LabVIEW还可以作为通过共享内存与嵌入式LabVIEW通信的独立应用程序。 主机图形编程系统还提供了一种无缝环境，用户可以使用高级图形编程技术开发嵌入式应用程序。

公开(公告)号：US06229921B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US09227508

申请日：1999-01-06

申请人： Lothar Wenzel ,  Dinesh Nair ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

发明人： Lothar Wenzel ,  Dinesh Nair ,  Nicolas Vazquez ,  Samson DeKey

IPC分类号： G06K962

CPC分类号： G06K9/6203 ,  G06K2209/19 ,  G06T7/223 ,  G06T7/248 ,  G06T7/74 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  G06T2207/30108

摘要： A system and method for performing pattern matching to locate zero or more instances of a template image in a target image. The method first comprises sampling the template image using a Low Discrepancy sequence, also referred to as a quasi-random sequence, to determine a plurality of sample pixels in the template image which accurately characterize the template image. The Low Discrepancy sequence is designed to produce sample points which maximally avoid each other. After the template image is sampled or characterized, the method then performs pattern matching using the sample pixels and the target image to determine zero or more locations of the template image in the target image. The method may also perform a local stability analysis around at least a subset of the sample pixels to determine a lesser third number of sample pixels which have a desired degree of stability, and then perform pattern matching using the third plurality of sample pixels. In one embodiment, the local stability analysis determines a plurality of sets of sample pixels with differing stability neighborhood sizes, and the pattern matching performs a plurality of iterations of pattern matching using different sets of sample pixels, preferably performed in a coarse to fine manner, e.g., using sets of sample pixels with successively smaller stability neighborhood sizes and/or step sizes. The present invention also includes performing rotation invariant pattern matching by sampling the template image along one or more rotationally invariant paths, preferably circular perimeters, to produce one or more sets of sample pixels. These sample pixels from the circular paths are then used in the pattern matching. The rotationally invariant pattern matching may also use local stability analysis and coarse to fine searching techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种用于执行模式匹配以在目标图像中定位模板图像的零个或多个实例的系统和方法。 该方法首先包括使用低差异序列（也称为准随机序列）对模板图像进行采样，以确定模板图像中准确表征模板图像的多个样本像素。 低差异序列被设计为产生最大程度地避免彼此的采样点。 在模板图像被采样或表征之后，该方法然后使用样本像素和目标图像执行模式匹配，以确定目标图像中模板图像的零个或多个位置。 该方法还可以围绕样本像素的至少一个子集执行局部稳定性分析，以确定具有期望程度的稳定性的较小的第三数量的采样像素，然后使用第三多个采样像素执行模式匹配。 在一个实施例中，本地稳定性分析确定具有不同稳定性邻域大小的多组样本像素，并且模式匹配使用不同的采样像素集合执行多次迭代的模式匹配，优选地以粗略到精细的方式执行， 例如，使用具有连续更小的稳定性邻域大小和/或步长的样本像素集合。 本发明还包括通过沿着一个或多个旋转不变路径（优选圆周周长）采样模板图像来执行旋转不变模式匹配，以产生一组或多组采样像素。 来自圆形路径的这些采样像素然后用于模式匹配。 旋转不变模式匹配还可以使用局部稳定性分析和粗略到精细搜索技术。

公开(公告)号：US06173438B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-09

申请号：US08912445

申请日：1997-08-18

申请人： Jeffrey L Kodosky ,  Darshan Shah ,  Samson DeKey ,  Steven Rogers

发明人： Jeffrey L Kodosky ,  Darshan Shah ,  Samson DeKey ,  Steven Rogers

IPC分类号： G06F9445

CPC分类号： G06F8/34 ,  G06F9/44505

摘要： A computer-based virtual instrumentation system including a host computer and an embedded system or device, wherein graphical programs created using the computer system can be downloaded to the embedded system for execution in a real-time or more deterministic manner. The present invention thus provides a method for automatically generating an embedded application in response to a graphical program created by a user. This provides the user the ability to develop or define instrument functionality using graphical programming techniques, while enabling the resulting program to operate in an embedded real-time system. The invention includes a novel method for configuring the embedded system. During execution of a graphical program in the embedded system, the block diagram portion executes in the embedded system, and the host CPU executes front panel display code to display on the screen the graphical front panel of the graphical program. The embedded system and the host computer exchange data using a front panel protocol to enable this operation. The present invention also includes improved debugging support for graphical programs executing on the embedded system. The host graphical programming system thus provides the user interface for graphical programs executing on the embedded system, essentially acting as the front panel “browser” for embedded applications. The host LabVIEW can also act as an independent application communicating with embedded LabVIEW through the shared memory. The host graphical programming system further provides a seamless environment in which the user can develop an embedded application using high level graphical programming techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种基于计算机的虚拟仪器系统，包括主计算机和嵌入式系统或设备，其中使用计算机系统创建的图形程序可以被下载到嵌入式系统中以便以实时或更确定的方式执行。 因此，本发明提供了一种用于响应于由用户创建的图形程序自动生成嵌入式应用的方法。 这为用户提供了使用图形编程技术开发或定义仪器功能的能力，同时使生成的程序能够在嵌入式实时系统中运行。 本发明包括一种用于配置嵌入式系统的新方法。 在嵌入式系统中执行图形程序期间，框图部分在嵌入式系统中执行，并且主机CPU执行前面板显示代码以在屏幕上显示图形程序的图形前面板。 嵌入式系统和主机使用前面板协议交换数据以启用此操作。 本发明还包括对在嵌入式系统上执行的图形程序的改进的调试支持。 因此，主机图形编程系统为嵌入式系统上执行的图形程序提供用户界面，基本上充当嵌入式应用程序的前面板“浏览器”。 主机LabVIEW还可以作为通过共享内存与嵌入式LabVIEW通信的独立应用程序。 主机图形编程系统还提供了一种无缝环境，用户可以使用高级图形编程技术开发嵌入式应用程序。

公开(公告)号：US5724272A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-03

申请号：US238480

申请日：1994-05-04

申请人： Bob Mitchell ,  Hugo Andrade ,  Jogen Pathak ,  Samson DeKey ,  Abhay Shah ,  Todd Brower

发明人： Bob Mitchell ,  Hugo Andrade ,  Jogen Pathak ,  Samson DeKey ,  Abhay Shah ,  Todd Brower

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F13/10 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G06F8/20 ,  G06F13/105 ,  G06F8/24 ,  G06F9/45537

摘要： A method and apparatus for controlling instrumentation systems and for providing a user with the capability to develop instrument drivers and application software for controlling instrumentation systems. The present invention provides a system including a software architecture which defines the control and management of an instrumentation system. The method of the present invention utilizes a device resource independence approach whereby the individual capabilities of devices are broken down into a plurality of objects called resources and these resources are then used to develop instrument drivers or instrument control applications. The method of the present invention also uses object oriented technology which allows device resources to be easily combined to create higher level applications. The present invention is independent of I/O interface type, operating system, and programming language while also providing a common look and feel and consistent API to the user. The present invention includes novel methods for access control, event handling, resource management, and resource addressing, among others.

摘要翻译： 一种用于控制仪表系统并为用户提供开发用于控制仪表系统的仪器驱动程序和应用软件的能力的方法和装置。 本发明提供一种包括定义仪器系统的控制和管理的软件架构的系统。 本发明的方法利用设备资源独立性方法，由此将设备的各个能力分解为被称为资源的多个对象，然后将这些资源用于开发仪器驱动器或仪器控制应用。 本发明的方法还使用面向对象的技术，其允许容易地组合设备资源以创建更高级别的应用。 本发明独立于I / O接口类型，操作系统和编程语言，同时还向用户提供通用的外观和一致的API。 本发明包括用于访问控制，事件处理，资源管理和资源寻址等的新颖方法。