公开(公告)号：US20070068229A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11233644

申请日：2005-09-23

申请人： Steven Trainoff

发明人： Steven Trainoff

IPC分类号： G01N11/08

CPC分类号： G01N11/08

摘要： A bridge viscometer for measuring specific viscosity, ηsp(t), includes four capillaries, a delay volume, and a pressure transducer. The pressure transducer generates a signal indicative of a pressure differential, Δp(t), as a sample is introduced into the bridge viscometer. The specific viscosity, ηsp(t), of the sample is calculated based on the pressure differential, Δp(t), and a predetermined internal pressure, IP0.

摘要翻译： 用于测量比粘度的桥式粘度计（t）包括四个毛细管，延迟体积和压力传感器。 当样品被引入桥式粘度计时，压力传感器产生指示压差Deltap（t）的信号。 基于压力差Deltap（t）和预定的内部压力IP 0来计算样品的比粘度ηt（t）。

公开(公告)号：US20060213256A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-28

申请号：US11090371

申请日：2005-03-28

申请人： Steven Trainoff

发明人： Steven Trainoff

IPC分类号： G01N11/08

CPC分类号： G01N11/08 ,  G01N2011/002

摘要： A thermally controlled stage is connected within one arm of a bridge of a capillary bridge viscometer so that the bridge can be balanced in situ to provide accurate measurement signals. The thermally controlled stage includes a tuning capillary tubing portion that is wrapped around a thermally conductive core. A resistance heater or a Peltier thermoelectric device is located in close proximity to the capillary tubing portion. The heater or Peltier device and the capillary tubing portion are located within a thermally insulated housing. The heater or Peltier device varies the temperature of the capillary tubing portion to cause a corresponding change in the flow impedance of the tuning capillary tubing portion of the arm of the bridge in which the thermally controlled stage is connected. The temperature of the tuning capillary tubing portion is monitored and adjusted until any pressure differential across the bridge is eliminated, whereby to trim in the balance of the bridge.

摘要翻译： 热控台在毛细管桥式粘度计的桥梁的一个臂内连接，使得桥接器可以原位平衡以提供精确的测量信号。 热控台包括缠绕在导热芯上的调谐毛细管部分。 电阻加热器或珀尔帖热电装置位于紧邻毛细管部分的位置。 加热器或珀耳帖装置和毛细管部分位于绝热壳体内。 加热器或珀耳贴装置改变毛细管部分的温度，引起热控台连接的桥臂的调谐毛细管部分的流动阻抗的相应变化。 调节毛细管部分的温度被监测和调节，直到跨过桥的任何压力差被消除，从而在桥的平衡中修整。

公开(公告)号：US07331218B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US11233644

申请日：2005-09-23

申请人： Steven Trainoff

发明人： Steven Trainoff

IPC分类号： G01N11/08

CPC分类号： G01N11/08

摘要： A bridge viscometer for measuring specific viscosity, ηsp(t), includes four capillaries, a delay volume, and a pressure transducer. The pressure transducer generates a signal indicative of a pressure differential, Δp(t), as a sample is introduced into the bridge viscometer. The specific viscosity, ηsp(t), of the sample is calculated based on the pressure differential, Δp(t), and a predetermined internal pressure, IP0.

摘要翻译： 用于测量比粘度的桥式粘度计（t）包括四个毛细管，延迟体积和压力传感器。 当样品被引入桥式粘度计时，压力传感器产生指示压差Deltap（t）的信号。 基于压力差Deltap（t）和预定的内部压力IP 0来计算样品的比粘度ηt（t）。

公开(公告)号：US20050168726A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US10961633

申请日：2004-10-07

申请人： Michael Larkin ,  Steven Trainoff

发明人： Michael Larkin ,  Steven Trainoff

IPC分类号： G01N21/15 ,  G01N21/41

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

摘要： An improved differential refractometer incorporating a photodetector array is disclosed. Using a multi-element photo array provides the basis for measurement of differential refractive index values with a heretofore unattainable combination of sensitivity of measurement and concurrent range of measurement. Within the large dynamic range attainable, the detector structure provides equal sensitivity irrespective of deflection within the range. The transmitted light beam is tailored to provide a spatial variation of the light intensity at the array improving thereby the precision of measurement of its displacement. This in turn results in improved precision in the reported differential refractive index and in the calculation of the differential refractive index increment dn/dc. Integrating the detector array into the flow cell structure of the parent case results in a detector of exceptional sensitivity and range for sample quantities far smaller than required by conventional differential refractometers.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种结合光电检测器阵列的改进的差示折射计。 使用多元素照片阵列提供了测量差异折射率值的基础，具有迄今无法测量的灵敏度和同时测量范围的组合。 在可获得的大动态范围内，检测器结构提供相等的灵敏度，而与范围内的偏转无关。 传输光束被调整以提供阵列处的光强度的空间变化，从而提高其位移的测量精度。 这反过来导致报告的折射率和在差分折射率增量dn / dc的计算中的精度提高。 将检测器阵列集成到母机壳体的流动池结构中，可以得到远远小于常规差示折射计所需的样品量的特殊灵敏度和范围的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US20050075851A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-07

申请号：US10665903

申请日：2003-09-18

申请人： Steven Trainoff

发明人： Steven Trainoff

IPC分类号： G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/78 ,  G01N30/86 ,  G01N30/88 ,  G06G7/48

CPC分类号： G01N30/8624 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/78 ,  G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N30/8637

摘要： Chromatographic separations are often characterized by multiple detectors though which the sample flows serially. As the sample flows between detectors, it becomes progressively diluted due to mixing and diffusion. This phenomenon is traditionally called “band broadening” and often results in significant distortion of the calculated physical properties such as molar mass and size. This is particularly true for the case of monodisperse samples such as proteins. A new procedure is described whereby most types of band broadening may be corrected resulting in more accurate calculations of such physical properties. The conventional means for correcting band broadening effects is based upon mathematical procedures that attempt to narrow the broadened peak to its prebroadened form. Such procedures are notoriously unstable and often result in unphysical results such as ringing, negative concentrations, or negative scattered intensities. This disclosure describes a method to characterize the broadening present in a chromatographic system, and an algorithm whereby the narrow peaks of the upstream detector are artificially broadened so that they can be compared to the broadened peaks of the downstream detector. Although the technique results in some loss of resolution, its stability and generality allow it a broad range of application. Examples include correction of RI detector broadening following MALS detectors, correction of MALS broadening following UV detection, correction of viscometric broadening following both MALS and RI detection, and all permeations thereof.

摘要翻译： 色谱分离通常以多个检测器为特征，样品通过这些检测器连续流动。 当样品在检测器之间流动时，由于混合和扩散而逐渐稀释。 传统上这种现象被称为“带宽变宽”，并且经常导致计算出的物理性质如摩尔质量和尺寸的显着变形。 对于单分散样品如蛋白质的情况尤其如此。 描述了一种新的程序，其中可以校正大多数类型的带宽增宽，从而更准确地计算这些物理性质。 纠正带宽扩大效应的常规手段是基于尝试将拓宽峰变窄到其预先形成的形式的数学程序。 这样的程序是众所周知的不稳定的，常常导致非物理结果，如振铃，负浓度或负散射强度。 本公开描述了一种表征色谱系统中拓宽存在的方法，以及一种算法，其中上游检测器的窄峰被人为扩大，使得它们可以与下游检测器的加宽峰进行比较。 虽然这种技术导致了一些分辨率的损失，但它的稳定性和通用性使其具有广泛的应用。 实施例包括校正MALS检测器后的RI检测器扩展，UV检测后MALS变宽的校正，MALS和RI检测之后的粘度增加的校正及其所有渗透。