公开(公告)号：US08010545B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-30

申请号：US12354681

申请日：2009-01-15

Applicant: Mark J. Stefik ,  Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Peter L. Pirolli

Inventor： Mark J. Stefik ,  Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Peter L. Pirolli

IPC: G06F7/00 ,  G06F17/30

CPC classification number: G06F17/3071

Abstract: A system and method for providing a topic-directed search is provided, which advantageously harnesses user-provided topical indexes and an ability to characterize indexes according to how articles fall under their topical organizations. A corpus of articles and an index that includes topics from the articles is maintained. For each topic, a coarse-grained topic model is built, which includes the characteristic words included in the articles relating to the topic and scores assigned to the characteristic words. A search query is executed against the index. The topics that match the search terms are chosen by their scores. The topics that match the coarse-grained topic models and the articles corresponding to the search query are presented. In contrast to conventional search engines, search results are organized according to topic and search results can be offered across multiple indexes, where part of returned results are selected from most-relevant indexes with their most-relevant topics.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于提供主题定向搜索的系统和方法，其有利地利用用户提供的主题索引和根据文章属于其主题组织的方式来表征索引的能力。 维护文章的语料库和包含文章主题的索引。 对于每个主题，构建了一个粗粒度主题模型，其中包括与主题相关的文章中包含的特征词以及分配给特征词的分数。 针对索引执行搜索查询。 与搜索词匹配的主题由他们的分数来选择。 介绍了与粗粒度主题模型匹配的主题以及与搜索查询相对应的文章。 与常规搜索引擎相比，搜索结果根据主题进行组织，搜索结果可以跨多个索引提供，其中返回结果的一部分从与其最相关的主题的最相关的索引中选择。

公开(公告)号：US20100011281A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-14

申请号：US12505262

申请日：2009-07-17

Applicant: Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Ed H. Chi

Inventor： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Ed H. Chi

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/241 ,  G06F17/242 ,  G06T15/20

Abstract: To annotate a three-dimensional electronic document, a user specifies, on a two-dimensional screen, a portion of a page of a three-dimensional document as a specified page area to be annotated by making a stroke. The annotation may be displayed to the user by a hybrid technique where the annotation is displayed by a 3D polyline segment placed behind the near clipping plane of a virtual camera frustum. At the same time, previous annotations are displayed by another technique, such as, for example, the texture coloring technique. During the intermittent time between the stroke and another stroke the 3D polyline segment is removed from behind the near clipping plane and the page texture is updated with the annotation data. The display techniques support highlighting annotations, free-form annotations, and text annotations.

Abstract translation: 为了注释三维电子文档，用户在二维屏幕上指定三维文档的页面的一部分作为要通过笔画注释的指定页面区域。 注释可以通过混合技术显示给用户，其中通过放置在虚拟照相机平截头体的近剪裁平面之后的3D折线段显示注释。 同时，以前的注释也是通过其他技术显示的，例如纹理着色技术。 在笔画和另一笔画之间的间歇时间内，3D折线段从近剪辑平面后面移除，并且使用注释数据更新页面纹理。 显示技术支持突出显示注释，自由格式注释和文本注释。

公开(公告)号：US07577902B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-18

申请号：US11012902

申请日：2004-12-16

Applicant: Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K Card ,  Ed H Chi

Inventor： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K Card ,  Ed H Chi

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/241 ,  G06F17/242 ,  G06T15/20

Abstract: To annotate a three-dimensional electronic object, e.g., document, a user specifies, on a two-dimensional screen, a portion of a page of a three-dimensional document as a specified page area to be annotated by making a stroke. The annotation may be displayed to the user by a hybrid technique where the annotation is displayed by a 3D polyline segment placed behind the near clipping plane of a virtual camera frustrum. At the same time, previous annotations are displayed by another technique, such as, for example, the texture coloring technique. During the intermittent time between the stroke and another stroke the 3D polyline segment is removed from behind the near clipping plane and the page texture is updated with the annotation data. The display techniques support highlighting annotations, free-form annotations, and text annotations.

Abstract translation: 为了对三维电子对象（例如文档）进行注释，用户在二维屏幕上将三维文档的页面的一部分指定为通过制作笔画来注释的指定页面区域。 注释可以通过混合技术向用户显示，其中注释由放置在虚拟摄像机边缘的近剪辑平面之后的3D折线段显示。 同时，以前的注释也是通过其他技术显示的，例如纹理着色技术。 在笔画和另一笔画之间的间歇时间内，3D折线段从近剪辑平面后面移除，并且使用注释数据更新页面纹理。 显示技术支持突出显示注释，自由格式注释和文本注释。

公开(公告)号：US20080040378A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-14

申请号：US11784288

申请日：2007-04-06

Applicant: Mark J. Stefik ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Ed. H. Chi ,  Lichan Hong

Inventor： Mark J. Stefik ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Ed. H. Chi ,  Lichan Hong

IPC: G06F17/30

CPC classification number: G06F17/30994

Abstract: Techniques provide for the dynamic display of a page-oriented information asset using an audio output mode. Pluralities of elements in the page-oriented information asset are determined based on chapters, sections, paragraphs, sentences, words and the like. The elements are rendered to an audio output mode. Optionally selectable representations of the elements are also determined and output using a 3-dimension-like rendering to a visual output mode. The 3-dimension-like rendering of the visual representations of the elements shows how the current element relates to the other elements and its location within the page-oriented information asset. The 3-dimension-like rendering provides visual orientation or context within the page-oriented information asset. The visual representations of the elements are optionally selectable as spatial context indicators providing direct navigation control to support reading, browsing and information retrieval tasks within the page-oriented information asset. Speech input is also optionally recognized as a direct navigation control.

Abstract translation: 技术提供使用音频输出模式动态显示面向页面的信息资产。 基于页面的信息资产中的多个元素基于章节，段落，段落，句子，单词等来确定。 元素被渲染为音频输出模式。 还可以使用可视输出模式的三维样渲染来确定和输出元素的可选择的表示。 元素的视觉表示的三维呈现显示了当前元素如何与面向页面的信息资产中的其他元素及其位置相关。 面向三维的渲染在面向页面的信息资产中提供视觉定向或上下文。 可选地，元素的视觉表示可选地作为提供直接导航控制的空间上下文指示符，以支持面向页面的信息资产内的阅读，浏览和信息检索任务。 语音输入也可以被视为直接导航控制。

公开(公告)号：US06038574A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US44693

申请日：1998-03-18

Applicant: James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. Pirolli ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

Inventor： James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. Pirolli ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

IPC: G06F17/30 ,  G06F17/21

CPC classification number: G06F17/3061 ,  Y10S707/99935 ,  Y10S707/99943

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention generates clusters of documents in a collection of linked documents based on co-citation analysis. The frequency linkage is determined for each document in the collection. In other words, the number of times each document is linked to by another document in the collection is determined. Further, a minimum frequency linkage (link frequency threshold) is specified based on a predetermined minimum frequency of document linkage. Additionally, a list of pairs of documents that are linked to by the same document is created so that each of the pairs of documents has a count of the number of times (co-citation frequency) that they are both linked to by another document. Pairs of linked documents are clustered using a suitable co-citation technique.

Abstract translation: 本发明的方法和装置基于共同引用分析，在链接文档的集合中生成文档集合。 为集合中的每个文档确定频率联系。 换句话说，确定集合中另一个文档链接到每个文档的次数。 此外，基于文档链接的预定最小频率来指定最小频率链接（链接频率阈值）。 此外，创建由相同文档链接到的文档对的列表，使得每对文档具有它们被另一个文档链接的次数（共同引用频率）的计数。 使用合适的共引用技术将对的链接文档聚类。

公开(公告)号：US5883635A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US749474

申请日：1996-11-15

Applicant: Ramana B. Rao ,  Stuart K. Card

Inventor： Ramana B. Rao ,  Stuart K. Card

IPC: G06F3/023 ,  G06F17/24 ,  G06T11/20 ,  G06F15/00

CPC classification number: G06F3/023 ,  G06F17/246 ,  G06T11/206

Abstract: A method for operating a processor-controlled machine produces a single-image compressed view of a multi-image table by replacing the character image information in each cell of the multi-image table with a graphical representation of the information. Each cell in an original multi-image table is respectively paired with a source data value of a source data item stored in memory. In a multi-image table, the entire table image cannot be accommodated at one time in the display area of a display device because of the size of the cell regions required to represent the character image information; a machine user must scroll or navigate through portions of the table in order to view all of the data. In response to an image display request signal, the data represented directly as character image information in each cell of all portions of the multi-image table is replaced by an indirect, graphical representation of that data that compactly represents the source data values thereof. This compact, tabular graphical view of the data facilitates visual inspection and identification of patterns and trends in the data.

Abstract translation: 用于操作处理器控制的机器的方法通过用信息的图形表示替换多图像表格的每个单元中的字符图像信息来生成多图像表的单图像压缩视图。 原始多图像表中的每个单元分别与存储在存储器中的源数据项的源数据值配对。 在多图像表中，由于表示字符图像信息所需的单元区域的大小，整个表格图像在显示设备的显示区域中一次不能被容纳; 机器用户必须滚动或浏览表的部分才能查看所有数据。 响应于图像显示请求信号，直接作为多图像表的所有部分的每个单元格中的字符图像信息表示的数据由紧凑地表示其源数据值的该数据的间接图形表示代替。 数据的这种紧凑的表格图形化视图便于目视检查和识别数据中的模式和趋势。

公开(公告)号：US5513303A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-30

申请号：US286764

申请日：1994-08-05

Applicant: George G. Robertson ,  Jock Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

Inventor： George G. Robertson ,  Jock Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

IPC: G06T11/80 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/048 ,  G06T13/00 ,  G06T15/70 ,  G06F3/00

CPC classification number: G06T13/00 ,  G06F3/04815 ,  G06F3/04845 ,  Y10S345/953 ,  Y10S345/959 ,  Y10S345/96

Abstract: In response to user signals requesting motion of a displayed object, a system presents a sequence of images, each including an object perceptible as a moved continuation of the previously displayed object. The user can independently request radial motion and lateral motion, and the system presents a sequence of images in which the object is displaced radially by the requested radial motion and laterally by the requested lateral motion. The user can request lateral motion by operating a mouse and can request radial motion by operating keys on a keyboard, with one key requesting motion toward a radial source and another key requesting motion away from the radial source. The radial source can be the viewpoint. The object's motion toward the viewpoint includes two phases. In the first phase, the object follows an acceleration path, enabling the user to control motion near its starting point and providing increasingly rapid motion; in the second phase, it follows an asymptotic path, enabling the user to control its motion as it approaches the viewpoint and preventing it from passing the viewpoint. The displacements between positions on the asymptotic path can follow a logarithmic function, with each displacement a proportion of the distance from the previous position to the viewpoint. The phases can be produced by using the logarithmic function to clip an acceleration function. The same rate of acceleration can be applied when the user requests motion away from the viewpoint. The processor can perform an animation loop, each step of which receives user signals and presents another image.

Abstract translation: 响应于请求用于显示对象的运动的用户信号，系统呈现一系列图像，每个图像包括可感知为先前显示的对象的移动的继续的对象。 用户可以独立地请求径向运动和横向运动，并且系统呈现一系列图像，其中物体通过所请求的径向运动径向偏移并且通过所请求的横向运动横向移动。 用户可以通过操作鼠标来请求横向运动，并且可以通过操作键盘上的键来请求径向运动，其中一个键请求向径向源运动，另一个键要求运动离开径向源。 径向源可以是视点。 物体对观点的运动包括两个阶段。 在第一阶段，物体遵循加速路径，使用户能够控制其起点附近的运动并提供越来越快的运动; 在第二阶段，它遵循渐近的路径，使得用户能够在接近观察点时控制其运动，并防止其通过视点。 渐近路径上的位置之间的位移可以遵循对数函数，每个位移与前一位置到视点的距离的一定比例。 可以通过使用对数函数来剪切加速度函数来产生相位。 当用户从视点请求运动时，可以应用相同的加速度。 处理器可以执行动画循环，每个步骤接收用户信号并呈现另一图像。

公开(公告)号：US5359703A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-25

申请号：US562048

申请日：1990-08-02

Applicant: George G. Robertson ,  Jock Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

Inventor： George G. Robertson ,  Jock Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

IPC: G06T11/80 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/048 ,  G06T13/00 ,  G06F15/72

CPC classification number: G06T13/00 ,  G06F3/04815 ,  G06F3/04845 ,  Y10S345/953 ,  Y10S345/959 ,  Y10S345/96

Abstract: In response to user signals requesting motion of a displayed object, a system presents a sequence of images, each including an object perceptible as a moved continuation of the previously displayed object. The user can independently request radial motion and lateral motion, and the system presents a sequence of images in which the object is displaced radially by the requested radial motion and laterally by the requested lateral motion. The user can request lateral motion by operating a mouse and can request radial motion by operating keys on a keyboard, with one key requesting motion toward a radial source and another key requesting motion away from the radial source. The radial source can be the viewpoint. The object's motion toward the viewpoint includes two phases. In the first phase, the object follows an acceleration path, enabling the user to control motion near its starting point and providing increasingly rapid motion; in the second phase, it follows an asymptotic path, enabling the user to control its motion as it approaches the viewpoint and preventing it from passing the viewpoint. The displacements between positions on the asymptotic path can follow a logarithmic function, with each displacement a proportion of the distance from the previous position to the viewpoint. The phases can be produced by using the logarithmic function to clip an acceleration function. The same rate of acceleration can be applied when the user requests motion away from the viewpoint. The processor can perform an animation loop.

Abstract translation: 响应于请求用于显示对象的运动的用户信号，系统呈现一系列图像，每个图像包括可感知为先前显示的对象的移动的继续的对象。 用户可以独立地请求径向运动和横向运动，并且系统呈现一系列图像，其中物体通过所请求的径向运动径向偏移并且通过所请求的横向运动横向移动。 用户可以通过操作鼠标来请求横向运动，并且可以通过操作键盘上的键来请求径向运动，其中一个键请求向径向源运动，另一个键要求运动离开径向源。 径向源可以是视点。 物体对观点的运动包括两个阶段。 在第一阶段，物体遵循加速路径，使用户能够控制其起点附近的运动并提供越来越快的运动; 在第二阶段，它遵循渐近的路径，使得用户能够在接近观察点时控制其运动，并防止其通过视点。 渐近路径上的位置之间的位移可以遵循对数函数，每个位移与前一位置到视点的距离的一定比例。 可以通过使用对数函数来剪切加速度函数来产生相位。 当用户从视点请求运动时，可以应用相同的加速度。 处理器可以执行动画循环。

公开(公告)号：US5282052A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-25

申请号：US856107

申请日：1992-03-20

Applicant: Walter A. L. Johnson ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Martin F. N. Cooper

Inventor： Walter A. L. Johnson ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Martin F. N. Cooper

IPC: G06F3/14 ,  G06F3/048 ,  G06F17/24 ,  H04N1/00 ,  H04N1/32 ,  G06K9/20 ,  H04N1/387

CPC classification number: G06F17/243

Abstract: An automatically created form includes a field for requesting a combined operation. A processor creates the form in response to another form that includes fields that are marked to indicate a sequence of partial operations. The partial operations together constitute the combined operation. The combined operation can, for example, be a facsimile transmission, in which case the partial operation fields can specify the digits of a fax machine's telephone number. The automatically created form can then include a single check box next to the name of the recipient. When the check box is marked, the processor responds to the form by performing the sequence of partial operations. The processor can execute input instructions to receive data defining the image of each form and can execute response instructions to respond to each form.

Abstract translation: 自动创建的表单包括用于请求组合操作的字段。 处理器创建表单以响应另一种形式，其中包括标记为指示部分操作序列的字段。 部分操作一起构成组合操作。 组合操作可以例如是传真传输，在这种情况下，部分操作字段可以指定传真机的电话号码的数字。 然后，自动创建的表单可以包含收件人名称旁边的单个复选框。 当复选框被标记时，处理器通过执行部分操作的顺序来响应表单。 处理器可以执行输入指令以接收定义每个形式的图像的数据，并且可以执行响应指令以响应每个形式。

公开(公告)号：US5072412A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-10

申请号：US30766

申请日：1987-03-25

Applicant: D. Austin Henderson, Jr. ,  Stuart K. Card ,  John T. Maxwell, III

Inventor： D. Austin Henderson, Jr. ,  Stuart K. Card ,  John T. Maxwell, III

IPC: G06F3/048 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/14

CPC classification number: G06F3/0481

Abstract: Workspaces provided by an object-based user interface appear to share windows and other display objects. Each workspace's data structure includes, for each window in that workspace, a linking data structure called a placement which links to the display system object which provides that window, which may be a display system object in a preexisting window system. The placement also contains display characteristics of the window when displayed in that workspace, such as position and size. Therefore, a display system object can be linked to several workspaces by a placement in each of the workspaces' data structures, and the window it provides to each of those workspaces can have unique display characteristics, yet appear to the user to be the same window or versions of the same window. As a result, the workspaces appear to be sharing a window. Workspaces can also appear to share a window if each workspace's data structure includes data linking to another workspace with a placement to the shared window. The user can invoke a switch between workspaces by selecting a display object called a door, and a back door to the previous workspace is created automatically so that the user is not trapped in a workspace. A display system object providing a window to a workspace being left remains active so that when that workspace is reentered, the window will have the same contents as when it disappeared. Also, the placements of a workspace are updated so that when the workspace is reentered its windows are organized the same as when the user left that workspace. The user can enter an overview display which shows a representation of each workspace and the windows it contains so that the user can navigate to any workspace from the overview.

Abstract translation: 由基于对象的用户界面提供的工作空间似乎共享窗口和其他显示对象。 每个工作空间的数据结构包括针对该工作空间中的每个窗口的链接数据结构，称为位置，该链接数据结构链接到提供该窗口的显示系统对象，该窗口可以是预先存在的窗口系统中的显示系统对象。 该展示位置还包含在该工作空间中显示时窗口的显示特征，例如位置和大小。 因此，显示系统对象可以通过在每个工作空间的数据结构中的位置链接到多个工作空间，并且向每个工作空间提供的窗口可以具有唯一的显示特性，但是对于用户来说，它们看起来是相同的窗口 或同一窗口的版本。 因此，工作区似乎正在共享一个窗口。 如果每个工作区的数据结构包括链接到具有到共享窗口的位置的另一个工作区的数据，工作区也可以共享一个窗口。 用户可以通过选择一个称为门的显示对象来调用工作空间之间的切换，并自动创建前一个工作空间的后门，以使用户不被捕获在工作区中。 向工作空间提供窗口的显示系统对象保持活动状态，以便当重新进入该工作区时，该窗口将具有与消失时相同的内容。 此外，更新工作空间的位置，以便当工作区重新进入时，其窗口的组织方式与用户离开该工作空间时相同。 用户可以输入概览显示，其中显示每个工作区及其包含的窗口的表示，以便用户可以从概览导航到任何工作区。