公开(公告)号：US06345106B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-05

申请号：US09142763

申请日：1998-09-14

申请人： Timothy John Borer

发明人： Timothy John Borer

IPC分类号： G06K900

CPC分类号： G06T7/269

摘要： A technique for generating motion vectors in video and film signal processing uses constraint equation based motion estimation. Simplifications of the processing and hardware are made possible by generating motion vectors based on the normalized constraint equation. The temporal and spatial image gradients are calculated using temporal and spatial differentiators (16, 17, 18). An angle (&thgr;) corresponding to the orientation of the spatial image gradient vector and the motion speed (vn) in the direction of the vector are calculated using apparatus including a rectangular to polar coordinate converter (32). &thgr; and vn are the parameters of the normalized constraint equation.

摘要翻译： 在视频和胶片信号处理中产生运动矢量的技术使用基于约束方程的运动估计。 通过基于归一化约束方程产生运动矢量，可以简化处理和硬件。 使用时间和空间微分器计算时间和空间图像梯度（16,17,18）。 使用包括矩形到极坐标转换器（32）的装置来计算与矢量方向上的空间图像梯度矢量的方向和运动速度（vn）相对应的角度θ。 θ和vn是归一化约束方程的参数。

公开(公告)号：US20230388480A1

公开(公告)日：2023-11-30

申请号：US18199790

申请日：2023-05-19

申请人： Timothy John Borer

发明人： Timothy John Borer

IPC分类号： H04N13/395 ,  H04N13/32 ,  H04N13/346

CPC分类号： H04N13/395 ,  H04N13/32 ,  H04N13/346

摘要： Lightfield displays for generating a 3D image comprise a 2D array of hogels. Each hogel comprises a 2D array of one or more pixels for generating light rays, and a light distribution control arrangement for controlling in 2D the angular distribution of the light rays from the array which are emitted by the hogel. The 2D array of each hogel is arranged to generate light rays which correspond to an elementary image assigned to the hogel, with each elementary image having a central axis which passes through a center of the image and extends perpendicular to the image. A plurality of the hogels have different lateral offsets between the light distribution control arrangement and the central axis of the respective elementary image.

公开(公告)号：US06442202B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09142760

申请日：1998-09-14

申请人： Timothy John Borer

发明人： Timothy John Borer

IPC分类号： H04B166

CPC分类号： H04N19/51 ,  G06T7/269 ,  H04N5/145

摘要： A technique is disclosed for estimating the measurement error in motion vectors used for example in a motion compensated video signal process. For each motion vector corresponding to a region of an image a plurality of temporal and spatial image gradients are calculated corresponding to that region. From the constraint equations of the image gradients a plurality of error values can be calculated for each motion vector and a parameter generated describing the size of the distribution of motion vector measurement errors. Subsequent processing of the video signals using the motion vectors can then be adapted, for example by graceful fallback in motion compensated interpolation, depending on the accuracy of each motion vector. The ‘confidence’ in the accuracy of each motion vector can be described by a parameter calculated in relation to the size of the error distribution and the motion vector speed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于估计例如在运动补偿视频信号处理中使用的运动矢量中的测量误差的技术。 对于与图像的区域对应的每个运动矢量，对应于该区域计算多个时间和空间图像梯度。 根据图像梯度的约束方程，可以为每个运动矢量计算出多个误差值，以及生成的描述运动矢量测量误差分布大小的参数。 然后可以根据每个运动矢量的精度来适应使用运动矢量的视频信号的后续处理，例如通过运动补偿内插中的优雅回退。 可以通过关于误差分布的大小和运动矢量速度计算的参数来描述每个运动矢量的精度的“置信度”。

公开(公告)号：US06381285B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

申请号：US09142229

申请日：1998-09-03

申请人： Timothy John Borer

发明人： Timothy John Borer

IPC分类号： H04B166

CPC分类号： H04N7/014 ,  G06T7/269 ,  H04N5/145

摘要： A technique for generating motion vectors for applications is requiring field of frame rate interpolation and especially in standards conversion. The image gradients on the same standard as the input video or film signal and then vertical/temporal interpolators are used to convert to the output standard before determining the motion vectors. This allows motion vectors to be easily calculated on the output standard.

摘要翻译： 用于产生应用的运动矢量的技术需要帧率插值领域，特别是在标准转换中。 在确定运动矢量之前，使用与输入视频或胶片信号相同标准的图像梯度，然后使用垂直/时间插值器将其转换为输出标准。 这允许根据输出标准容易地计算运动矢量。

公开(公告)号：US06377621B2

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US09043219

申请日：1998-03-17

申请人： Timothy John Borer

发明人： Timothy John Borer

IPC分类号： H04B166

CPC分类号： H04N7/014

摘要： This invention provides a way of performing improved motion compensated interpolation of moving images, such as television, using motion vectors of variable reliability. By taking into account the reliability of the motion vectors, produced by a separate motion estimation device, a subjectively pleasing interpolation can be produced. This is in contrast to simple motion compensated interpolation, taking no account of motion vector reliability, which is often degraded by objectionable switching artifacts due to unreliable motion vectors. The invention can be used, for example, to improve the performance of motion compensated standards converters used for converting between television standards with different picture rates. The invention allows a gradual transition between motion compensated and non-motion compensated interpolation depending on the reliability of the motion vector used. This is achieved by modifying the temporal interpolation timing, using a look up table, controlled by a vector reliability signal produced by the motion estimator. Effectively this adapts the motion trajectory of the interpolated output pictures.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种使用可变可靠性的运动矢量来执行诸如电视的运动图像的改进的运动补偿内插的方法。 通过考虑由单独运动估计装置产生的运动矢量的可靠性，可以产生主观令人愉悦的内插。 这与简单的运动补偿插值相反，不考虑运动矢量可靠性，由于不可靠的运动矢量，常常由于令人反感的开关伪影而降级。 本发明可以用于例如改进用于在具有不同图像速率的电视标准之间转换的运动补偿标准转换器的性能。 根据所使用的运动矢量的可靠性，本发明允许运动补偿和非运动补偿内插之间的逐渐转变。 这通过使用由运动估计器产生的矢量可靠性信号控制的查找表来修改时间插值定时来实现。 有效地，这适应内插输出图像的运动轨迹。

公开(公告)号：US06342850B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-29

申请号：US09660180

申请日：2000-09-12

申请人： Timothy John Borer ,  Gary Bryan Wordsworth ,  David Christopher Clarkson

发明人： Timothy John Borer ,  Gary Bryan Wordsworth ,  David Christopher Clarkson

IPC分类号： H03M112

CPC分类号： H03M1/14

摘要： A high speed analog-to-digital converter utilizes a fine resolution ADC to digitize the low band component of an analog video signal to produce a fine resolution signal and a coarse resolution ADC to digitize the full spectrum of the analog signal and produce a coarse resolution signal. The coarse resolution signal is subtracted from the fine resolution signal to generate a summed signal containing a quantization error, which is filtered through a low pass digital filter to filter out the high band component and pass the quantization error. The filter output is summed with the coarse resolution signal to restore the fine resolution of the low band, producing a digital output signal that has a resolution suitable for high definition applications.

摘要翻译： 高速模数转换器利用精细分辨率ADC对模拟视频信号的低频带分量进行数字化，以产生精细分辨率信号和粗分辨率ADC，以对模拟信号的全谱进行数字化，并产生粗分辨率 信号。 从精细分辨率信号中减去粗分辨率信号以产生包含量化误差的加和信号，该量化误差通过低通数字滤波器滤波以滤除高频带分量并传递量化误差。 滤波器输出与粗分辨率信号相加，以恢复低频段的精细分辨率，产生具有适用于高清晰度应用的分辨率的数字输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US5784114A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US362563

申请日：1995-06-28

申请人： Timothy John Borer ,  Philip David Martin ,  David Lyon

发明人： Timothy John Borer ,  Philip David Martin ,  David Lyon

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N7/01 ,  H04N7/26

CPC分类号： H04N19/513 ,  H04N19/521 ,  H04N7/014

摘要： Method of motion-compensated video processing such as standards conversion, uses motion vectors assigned on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The pixels of an input video signal are written to locations in a video store determined by the motion vector assigned to that pixel. Multiple vectors can address a single written pixel to enable mixing of backward and forward vectors. A confidence value governs the accumulation of pixels and the later interpolation between motion compensated fields.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB93 / 01404 Sec。 371日期：1995年6月28日 102（e）日期1995年6月28日PCT提交1993年7月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 01970 日期1994年1月20日运动补偿视频处理（如标准转换）的方法使用逐像素分配的运动矢量。 将输入视频信号的像素写入由分配给该像素的运动矢量确定的视频存储器中的位置。 多个向量可以寻址单个写入像素以使后向和向前向量的混合。 置信度值控制像素的累积和运动补偿场之间的后期内插。