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公开(公告)号：US4113511A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-12
申请号：US759763
申请日：1977-01-17
CPC分类号： C23G1/28 , Y10S203/11 , Y10S423/12
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed where aqueous solutions of chemicals are added to fused non-aqueous baths. This is done by spraying the aqueous solution of the chemicals onto the surface of the fused bath in a fine spray, causing the evaporation of the water.
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公开(公告)号：US3951681A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-20
申请号：US411993
申请日：1973-11-01
CPC分类号： C23G1/28
摘要： A ferrous metal product to be cleaned is immersed in an oxidizing molten salt bath forming a conditioned scale on the surface of the metal. The conditioned scale is subsequently removed from the metal surface by immersing the metal product in an aqueous caustic bath containing alkali metal hydroxide with alkali gluconate and triethanolamine serving as sequestering agents. The caustic bath may optionally include a brightening catalyst or ethylenediamine-tetracetic acid.
摘要翻译： 将待清洗的黑色金属产品浸入在金属表面上形成调理垢的氧化熔融盐浴中。 随后通过将金属产物浸入含有碱金属氢氧化物的碱性金属氢氧化物与碱金属葡萄糖酸盐和三乙醇胺作为隔离剂，从而从金属表面除去调理垢。 苛性碱可以任选地包括增亮催化剂或乙二胺四乙酸。
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公开(公告)号：US3582138A
公开(公告)日：1971-06-01
申请号：US3582138D
申请日：1969-04-24
摘要： A system for excavating space deep in the earth in the form of a doughnut-shaped generally cylindrical annulus or toroid having a core of substantial diameter within which there is usually at least one central shaft for access to the workings and removal of rock from the excavation. The generally circular configuration of the excavation minimizes distances for access of men and equipment to the workings and removal of the rock and introduces efficiencies and cost savings resulting from minimum preparation, minimum travel distances, loading from a single station at the bottom of the shaft and is conducive to excellent working conditions.
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公开(公告)号：US4389706A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-21
申请号：US250826
申请日：1972-05-05
申请人： John W. Gomola , Theodore C. Giras , William G. Wood , Richard E. Putman , Rodney E. Gilbreath , John S. Deliyannides , Terry B. Cullen , F. David Jones
发明人： John W. Gomola , Theodore C. Giras , William G. Wood , Richard E. Putman , Rodney E. Gilbreath , John S. Deliyannides , Terry B. Cullen , F. David Jones
IPC分类号： G06F15/20
摘要： An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operation to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.Any definition may refer to an event, a job, or a variable by making reference to the designator that is included in the definiton of the event, the job or the variable. Executable job definitons may, by referring to event designators, specify specific events which are to trigger their execution--for example, variable scanning events or variable change-of-state events--or they may specify that they are to be periodically executed at a specified frequency or rate. The definitions are processed individually by an off-line preliminary processor which converts the systems engineer's language into a numeric language intelligible to processing programs within the computer system or to the computer system itself. The definitions are then fed into the computer system.Automatic programming means within the computer system establish all the necessary linkages between each new definition and previously entered definitions and other operative portions of the computer system so as to implement each definition relative to the system apparatus as soon as the definition is received and so as automatically to establish the desired system operating configuration through the controlled operation of the computer relative to the interfaced system apparatus.Definitions may be deleted from the computer system at any time and in any order by the automatic programming means without shutting down the system, and the system operating configuration may thus be modified whenever necessary or desirable. Following such deletions, the automatic programming means eliminates linkages which are no longer required and compresses the tables in which such linkages may be stored so as to maximize the storage space which is avialable for additional new definitions and their associated linkages.
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公开(公告)号：US4273591A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-16
申请号：US82020
申请日：1979-10-05
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for prevention of clogging of exhaust systems, especially the exhaust hoods and ducts above fused salt baths onto which salts splatter as they are being added by spraying from aqueous solutions. A fluid tight jacket surrounds a portion of the exhaust pipe and hood and a cooling fluid, preferably the aqueous solution of the salt being added is flowed through the jacket. This will condense the water of the solvent onto the inside of the hood and duct dissolving and washing away any splattered salt.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于防止排气系统堵塞的方法和装置，特别是在熔融盐浴上方的排气罩和管道，其上通过从水溶液中喷雾而将盐飞溅在其上。 流体密封的护套围绕排气管和罩的一部分和冷却流体，优选地，被加入的盐的水溶液流过护套。 这将使溶剂的水冷凝到发动机罩和管道的内部，溶解和洗涤任何溅盐。
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公开(公告)号：US4268323A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-19
申请号：US165002
申请日：1980-07-01
摘要： A process for case hardening steel is described. A fused bath of inert salt is maintained which bath is comprised of alkali or alkali earth halides, and alkali, or alkaline earth oxides or carbonates. To this fused bath is added urea, dicyanodiamide or pyrolysis/condensation products of urea or dicyanodiamide. This will form active ions containing carbon and/or nitrogen, and either the nitrogen and/or carbon will diffuse into the surface of a steel piece suspended in the bath to form either a nitride, carbonitride or carburized case depending upon the temperature of the bath, which is maintained between above 540.degree. C. and about 950.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 描述了表面硬化钢的方法。 保持惰性盐的熔融浴，该浴由碱金属或碱土金属卤化物以及碱金属或碱土金属氧化物或碳酸盐构成。 向该熔融浴中加入脲，二氰二酰胺或尿素或二氰基二酰胺的热解/缩合产物。 这将形成含有碳和/或氮的活性离子，并且氮和/或碳将扩散到悬浮在浴中的钢片的表面，以形成氮化物，碳氮化物或渗碳的情况，这取决于浴的温度 ，其保持在540℃至约950℃之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4227245A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US258800
申请日：1972-06-01
摘要： An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operations to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.Any definition may refer to an event, a job, or a variable by making reference to the designator that is included in the definition of the event, the job or the variable. Executable job definitions may, by referring to event designators, specify specific events which are to trigger their execution--for example, variable scanning events or variable change-of-state events--or they may specify that they are to be periodically executed at a specified frequency or rate. The definitions are processed individually by an off-line preliminary processor which converts the systems engineer's language into a numeric language intelligible to processing programs within the computer system or to the computer system itself. The definitions are then fed into the computer system.Automatic programming means within the computer system establish all the necessary linkages between each new definition and previously entered definitions and other operative portions of the computer system so as to implement each definition relative to the system apparatus as soon as the definition is received and so as automatically to establish the desired system operating configuration through the controlled operation of the computer relative to the interfaced system apparatus.Definitions may be deleted from the computer system at any time and in any order by the automatic programming means without shutting down the system, and the system operating configuration may thus be modified whenever necessary or desirable. Following such deletions, the automatic programming means eliminates linkages which are no longer required and compresses the tables in which such linkages may be stored so as to maximize the storage space which is available for additional new definitions and their associated linkages.
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公开(公告)号：US4215407A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-29
申请号：US281618
申请日：1972-08-22
摘要： An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operations to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.Any definition may refer to an event, a job, or a variable by making reference to the designator that is included in the definition of the event, the job or the variable. Executable job definitions may, by referring to event designators, specify specific events which are to trigger their execution--for example, variable scanning events or variable change-of-state events--or they may specify that they are to be periodically executed at a specified frequency or rate. The definitions are processed individually by an off-line preliminary processor which converts the systems engineer's language into a numeric language intelligible to processing programs within the computer system or to the computer system itself. The definitions are then fed into the computer system.Automatic programming means within the computer system establish all the necessary linkages between each new definition and previously entered definitions and other operative portions of the computer system so as to implement each definition relative to the system apparatus as soon as the definition is received and so as automatically to establish the desired system operating configuration through the controlled operation of the computer relative to the interfaced system apparatus.Definitions may be deleted from the computer system at any time and in any order by the automatic programming means without shutting down the system, and the system operating configuration may thus be modified whenever necessary or desirable. Following such deletions, the automatic programming means eliminates linkages which are no longer required and compresses the tables in which such linkages may be stored so as to maximize the storage space which is available for additional new definitions and their associated linkages.
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06851434B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US10083067
申请日：2002-02-26
摘要： A composition and apparatus and method for aqueous spray conditioning of scale on metal surfaces. An aqueous solution having a base composition of an alkali metal hydroxide is used. The aqueous solution may contain additives to improve the performance of the salt. In one embodiment, the solution is used to condition the scale on a strip of stainless steel. The strip of steel is at a temperature between the melting point of the alkali metal hydroxide in anhydrous form and a temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears. One or more nozzles is provided to spray the solution, and the heated strip is passed by the nozzle or nozzles where the solution is sprayed on the surface or surfaces of the strip that have the scale or oxide. The invention also includes the apparatus and control thereof for the spraying of the solution.
摘要翻译： 用于金属表面上的水垢喷雾调节的组合物和设备和方法。 使用具有碱金属氢氧化物的基础组成的水溶液。 该水溶液可含有添加剂以改善盐的性能。 在一个实施例中，该溶液用于调节不锈钢条上的刻度。 钢带处于无水形状的碱金属氢氧化物的熔点和出现莱顿氟斯特效应的温度之间的温度。 提供一个或多个喷嘴以喷射溶液，并且加热的带通过喷嘴或喷嘴通过，其中溶液被喷涂在带有氧化皮或氧化皮的带的表面上。 本发明还包括其用于喷洒溶液的装置及其控制。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06450183B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09469687
申请日：1999-12-22
IPC分类号： B08B900
摘要： A composition and apparatus and method of using the composition for aqueous spray descaling or conditioning of scale or oxide on metal surfaces, especially stainless steel strip or the like, in one embodiment, although it can be used to descale or condition oxide or scale on other work pieces such as metal bar, or even discrete objects. An aqueous solution having a base composition of an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used. The aqueous solution may contain certain additives to improve the descaling performance of the salt. In one embodiment, the solution is used to condition the scale or surface oxide on a strip of stainless steel. The strip of steel is at a temperature between the melting point of the alkali metal hydroxide in anhydrous form and a temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears. One or more nozzles is provided to spray the solution, and the heated strip is passed by the nozzle or nozzles where the solution is sprayed on the surface or surfaces of the strip that have the scale or oxide. The invention also includes the apparatus and control thereof for the spraying of the solution.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，在一种实施方案中，使用该组合物用于水性喷雾除垢或氧化皮垢或金属表面，特别是不锈钢带等的组合物和设备和方法，尽管其可用于除去或调节其它氧化物或氧化皮 工件如金属棒，甚至离散的物体。 使用具有碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾或碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的混合物的碱性组合物的水溶液。 该水溶液可含有某些添加剂以改善盐的除垢性能。 在一个实施方案中，该溶液用于调节不锈钢条上的氧化皮或氧化皮。 钢带处于无水形状的碱金属氢氧化物的熔点和出现莱顿氟斯特效应的温度之间的温度。 提供一个或多个喷嘴以喷射溶液，并且加热的带通过喷嘴或喷嘴通过，其中溶液被喷涂在带有氧化皮或氧化皮的带的表面上。 本发明还包括其用于喷洒溶液的装置及其控制。
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