公开(公告)号：US4931211A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-05

申请号：US878098

申请日：1986-06-24

申请人： Alfred J. Martenson ,  William J. Johnson

发明人： Alfred J. Martenson ,  William J. Johnson

IPC分类号： B01J8/08 ,  B01J8/10 ,  C04B20/06

CPC分类号： B01J8/087 ,  B01J8/10 ,  C04B20/061 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2219/187

摘要： Obsidian having less than one percent of combined water is expanded to a volume many times the original by a two stage heating process carried out in at least one refractory-lined, rotary kiln. It is heated gradually by a first flame to a temperature of 1800-1900 F., then subjected to a second flame at a temperature of 2400-2500 F. for a very few minutes. The heating is carried out in the presence of dust which has a softening point considerably above those temperatures. The dust prevents the softened obsidian from sticking to itself or to the lining of the kiln. In some embodiments, the entire process is carried out in a single kiln with both flames entering the discharge end of the kiln, the first flame being directed toward the feed end and the second flame directed transversely or toward the discharge end. In another embodiment, the obsidian is gradually heated in a first kiln, then immediately fed to a second rotary kiln where the second flame enters the feed end and is directed toward the discharge end. In the second embodiment, combustion gases from the second kiln are recycled back to the first kiln to aid in the gradual heating step.

摘要翻译： 具有少于1％的组合水的黑曜石通过在至少一个耐火材料衬里的回转窑中进行的两阶段加热过程而膨胀到原来的许多倍的体积。 将其通过第一火焰逐渐加热至1800-1900°F的温度，然后在2400-2500°F的温度下进行第二次火焰几分钟。 在存在软化点大大高于这些温度的灰尘的情况下进行加热。 灰尘防止软化黑曜石粘在自身或窑内衬上。 在一些实施方案中，整个过程在具有两个火焰进入窑排放端的单个窑炉中进行，第一火焰被引向进料端，而第二个火焰被横向或朝向排放端。 在另一个实施方案中，黑曜石在第一窑中逐渐加热，然后立即进入第二回转窑，其中第二火焰进入进料端，并且朝向排出端。 在第二实施例中，来自第二窑的燃烧气体被再循环回到第一窑以帮助逐渐加热步骤。

公开(公告)号：USH690H

公开(公告)日：1989-10-03

申请号：US252293

申请日：1988-09-30

申请人： Alfred J. Martenson

发明人： Alfred J. Martenson

IPC分类号： G21C3/02 ,  G21C3/12

CPC分类号： G21C3/12 ,  G21Y2002/30 ,  G21Y2004/301 ,  Y02E30/40

摘要： An upper tie plate assembly for a nuclear reactor includes the usual tie plate having holes to receive the tie rod of the fuel assembly. A lower side member is welded to each side of the tie plate and there is a spring seat at each corner, connected to the lower side members. An upper side member parallels each lower side member at a higher elevation. At an intermediate elevation, there are leaf springs paralleling the side members, with their ends received within spring seats provided at the corners of the plate. Sliders are mounted on the upper side members and engage the midpoints of the upper surfaces of the springs. As the fuel assembly expands, the sliders, which engage an upper core plate of the reactor, deflect the springs from their normal, upperwardly bowed position, through a flattened position, to a downwardly bowed position. The ends of the springs are mounted within the spring seats in such a manner that they are free to accommodate extension of the springs. This avoids undesirable stresses in the springs. This arrangement leaves the central part of the tie plate free of obstructions to the flow of cooling water, and the spacing of the upper and lower side members and the springs leave room for the insertion of grappling members from either the inside or the outside of the tie plate assembly to lift the fuel assembly.