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公开(公告)号：US5847851A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US813016
申请日：1997-03-06
CPC分类号： G03H1/02 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0268
摘要： A new photorefractive material comprises BaTiO.sub.3 double-doped with two dopant species, both of which have at least two valence states, with one of the dopant species (e.g., cerium) having an ionization level that is near the middle of the barium titanate bandgap and the other dopant species (e.g., rhodium) having an ionization level that is closer to the valence band edge of barium titanate, such that both dopant species are sensitive to visible light, but only one dopant species (the one closer to the valence band edge) is sensitive to infrared radiation. The double-doped BaTiO.sub.3 provides a unique combination of photorefractive properties, thereby improving its performance as a holographic storage medium. The double-doped barium titanate crystal is employed as a holographic recording element. The double-doped barium titanate crystal has a dark storage time at room temperature of several years or more and may be nondestructively read out at an infrared wavelength. Recording information on the double-doped barium titanate crystal is done by first sensitizing the double-doped barium titanate crystal with a substantially uniform beam of radiation at one wavelength and then either simultaneously or subsequently storing information in the barium titanate crystal with an incident recording beam that has a wavelength that is longer than that of the sensitizing beam. Nondestructive read-out is accomplished using only the second (writing) beam.
摘要翻译： 新的光折变材料包括双掺杂两种掺杂物质的BaTiO 3，两种掺杂物质都具有至少两个价态，其中一种掺杂物质（例如，铈）具有接近钛酸钡带隙中间的电离水平， 具有更接近钛酸钡的价带边缘的电离水平的其它掺杂物质（例如，铑），使得两种掺杂剂物质对可见光敏感，但仅一种掺杂剂物质（更接近价带边缘 ）对红外辐射敏感。 双掺杂BaTiO3提供光折射性质的独特组合，从而提高其作为全息存储介质的性能。 双掺杂钛酸钡晶体用作全息记录元件。 双掺杂钛酸钡晶体在室温下几十年以上的暗存储时间可以在红外波长下非破坏性地读出。 通过首先使具有一个波长的基本上均匀的辐射束的双掺杂钛酸钡晶体敏化，然后同时或随后在具有入射记录光束的钛酸钡晶体中存储信息，来进行双掺杂钛酸钡晶体的记录信息 其具有比感光束的波长更长的波长。 非破坏性读取仅使用第二（写入）光束实现。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6008887A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US45076
申请日：1998-03-20
申请人： Marvin B. Klein , Gerald D. Bacher
发明人： Marvin B. Klein , Gerald D. Bacher
CPC分类号： G01H9/00
摘要： Single-beam laser apparatus for measuring surface velocity at acoustic frequencies and surface displacement at ultrasonic frequencies includes a source laser and optics for directing a single laser beam at normal incidence to a surface. A photo EMF detector and optics are provided for directing surface reflected laser beam at the photo EMF detector in order to provide outputs therefrom which are directly proportional to all three orthogonal components surface velocity or displacement.
摘要翻译： 用于测量声频处的表面速度和超声频率处的表面位移的单束激光装置包括源激光器和用于将单个激光束以正常入射方式引导到表面的光学器件。 提供了一种光电EMF检测器和光学器件，用于将表面反射的激光束引导到光电EMF检测器处，以便提供与所有三个正交分量表面速度或位移成正比的输出。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for reduction of non-adaptive signals in photo-EMF sensors 有权用于减少光电感应传感器中非自适应信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08030122B1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-04
申请号：US12713062
申请日：2010-02-25
IPC分类号： H01L31/0224
摘要： A method and apparatus for a photoinduced electromotive force sensor. The sensor has an active substrate formed of a semi-insulating photoconductor with sufficient carrier trap density to form an effective charge grating and pairs of electrodes disposed on the active substrate, where the sensor is configured to reduce the photovoltaic effect caused by the incident light in the vicinity of the electrodes. The shape or composition of the electrodes may be selected to reduce the photovoltaic effect or the electrodes may be disposed on the substrate to average out the photovoltaic effect arising from each one of the electrodes.
摘要翻译： 一种感光电动势传感器的方法和装置。 传感器具有由具有足够的载流子阱密度的半绝缘光电导体形成的有源衬底，以形成有效的电荷光栅和配置在有源衬底上的电极对，其中传感器被配置为减少由入射光引起的光伏效应 电极附近。 可以选择电极的形状或组成以减少光伏效应，或者可以将电极设置在衬底上，以平均每个电极产生的光电效应。
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公开(公告)号：US5585921A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US404660
申请日：1995-03-15
申请人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Phillip V. Mitchell , Gilmore J. Dunning , Marvin B. Klein
发明人： David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Phillip V. Mitchell , Gilmore J. Dunning , Marvin B. Klein
CPC分类号： G01N29/075 , G01N29/2418 , G01N2291/0422 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/0427
摘要： A laser-ultrasonic inspection system is provided for on-line and off-line inspection of a workpiece. The system utilizes an optical acoustic wave generation and detection system with relatively high spatial resolution and which appreciably reduces the effects of parasitic acoustic coupling. An array of acoustic waves are generated in the workpiece by a short pulse optical transmitter bee with a beam geometry that is tailored to focus the acoustic waves at an inspection site in the workpiece. The acoustic waves that probe the inspection site are then detected by reflecting an optical read-out beam from a surface of the workpiece and optically interfering it with an optical reference beam. The geometry of the optical read-out beam is chosen such that the read-out beam only detects the acoustic waves that arrive from the inspection site (acoustic waves that arrive from other parasitic acoustic sources are out of phase with respect to each other and cancel out). A wavefront compensation system improves acoustic clutter rejection and also improves the signal-to-noise by compensating for phase and amplitude aberrations induced on the optical read-out beam by the optically rough surface of the workpiece.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种激光超声波检测系统，用于在线和离线检查工件。 该系统利用具有相对较高空间分辨率的光声波产生和检测系统，并明显减少了寄生声耦合的影响。 通过短脉冲光发射器蜂在工件中产生声波阵列，其具有适于将声波聚焦在工件的检查位置处的光束几何形状。 然后通过从工件的表面反射光学读出光束并用光学参考光学光学干涉来检测探测检查部位的声波。 选择光读出光束的几何形状，使得读出光束仅检测从检查位置到达的声波（从其他寄生声源到达的声波相对于彼此异相并取消 出）。 波前补偿系统改善了声杂波抑制，并且还通过补偿由工件的光学粗糙表面在光学读出光束上感生的相位和幅度像差来改善信噪比。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4739496A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-19
申请号：US786884
申请日：1985-10-11
申请人： Emanuel Marom , Bernard H. Soffer , Yuri Owechko , Gilmore J. Dunning , David M. Pepper , Marvin B. Klein , Richard C. Lind
发明人： Emanuel Marom , Bernard H. Soffer , Yuri Owechko , Gilmore J. Dunning , David M. Pepper , Marvin B. Klein , Richard C. Lind
摘要： Associative holography memory apparatus is disclosed which employs a hologram and two phase conjugate mirrors. The mirrors are arranged to form a conjugate resonator whereby the output image from the apparatus tends to converge to that stored image most closely associated with an input image. Alternate embodiments are described which employ a multiple storage and erasure hologram, and which employ only a single phase conjugate mirror.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用全息图和两相共轭反射镜的关联全息记录装置。 反射镜被布置成形成共轭谐振器，由此来自设备的输出图像倾向于会聚到与输入图像最紧密相关联的存储图像。 描述了采用多重存储和擦除全息图并且仅使用单相共轭反射镜的替代实施例。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4720176A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-19
申请号：US865212
申请日：1986-05-20
CPC分类号： G06E3/005 , G02F1/3538
摘要： A phase conjugate resonator (PCR) (2) employing a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) (4) provides high resolution spatial detection of individual locations in a two-dimensional optical array which exceed or fall below a threshold level. The optical intensity profile under investigation is imposed onto an input erase beam (18) to the PCM (4). The erase beam (18) is directed parallel to the PCR axis (16), thereby preventing walkoff. The PCR (2) oscillates at those locations where the erase beam's optical intensity is below a threshold level. The spatially modulated optical output may be read out with multiple detectors or an imaging system, or the cumulative area output of the PCR can be read out with a single detector (28) to characterize the intensity profile relative to the threshold.
摘要翻译： 使用相位共轭镜（PCM）（4）的相位共轭谐振器（2）（2）提供超过或低于阈值电平的二维光学阵列中的各个位置的高分辨率空间检测。 所研究的光强度分布被施加到PCM（4）的输入擦除光束（18）上。 擦除光束（18）平行于PCR轴（16）指向，从而防止消失。 PCR（2）在擦除光束的光强度低于阈值水平的位置处振荡。 可以利用多个检测器或成像系统读出空间调制的光输出，或者可以用单个检测器（28）读出PCR的累积面积输出，以表征相对于阈值的强度分布。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06818880B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-16
申请号：US10259259
申请日：2002-09-26
IPC分类号： H01L3100
摘要： A photo-EMF sensor and a method of making same has a substrate with a semiconducting layer; a plurality of sensing regions in the layer, each sensing region including (i) a pair of electrodes disposed in, on or above the layer and (ii) an active region in the layer disposed adjacent said pair of electrodes; and a plurality of inactive regions in said the arranged between adjacent sensing regions. The inactive regions and the sensing regions are dosed with a desensitizing agent, the inactive regions receiving a relatively higher dose of the desensitizing agent and the sensing regions receiving a relatively lower dose of the desensitizing agent. The active layer is preferably placed in a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity to enhance the optical efficiency and performance of the sensor.
摘要翻译： 光电感应传感器及其制造方法具有带有半导体层的衬底; 所述层中的多个感测区域，每个感测区域包括（i）设置在所述层中或上方的一对电极，以及（ii）邻近所述一对电极布置的所述层中的有源区域; 以及所述布置在相邻感测区域之间的多个无效区域。 非活性区域和感测区域配有脱敏剂，非活性区域接受相对较高剂量的脱敏剂，感测区域接受相对较低剂量的脱敏剂。 有源层优选地放置在单片法布里 - 珀罗腔中，以增强传感器的光学效率和性能。
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公开(公告)号：US5900935A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US995655
申请日：1997-12-22
CPC分类号： G01H9/00
摘要： Faults, dimensions and other characteristics of a material or structure are sensed by a coherent beam's reflection from the material during ultrasonic or very fast vibration. The reflected beam acquires a phase substantially different from its original phase and from the phase of a reference beam split from the common source beam. The reflected beam and the reference beam are superimposed by diffraction in a multiple quantum well adaptive holographic beamsplitter, and the superimposed beams are detected by a photodetector capable of detecting small interference changes from ultrasonic surface displacements or perturbations. An apparatus and method defining an improved homodyne interferometer for performing the method is described.
摘要翻译： 材料或结构的故障，尺寸和其他特性在超声波或非常快速的振动期间通过相干光束从材料的反射来感测。 反射光束获得与其原始相位大致不同的相位，并且从与公共源光束分离的参考光束的相位获得相位。 反射光束和参考光束通过衍射叠加在多量子阱自适应全息分光器中，并且叠加的光束由能够从超声表面位移或扰动中检测小的干涉变化的光电检测器检测。 描述了一种定义用于执行该方法的改进的零差干涉仪的装置和方法。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5684592A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US481673
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Phillip V. Mitchell , David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Marvin B. Klein , Stephen W. McCahon , Gilmore J. Dunning
发明人： Phillip V. Mitchell , David M. Pepper , Thomas R. O'Meara , Marvin B. Klein , Stephen W. McCahon , Gilmore J. Dunning
CPC分类号： G01H9/00
摘要： An ultrasound detection system that is relatively insensitive to rough workpiece surfaces, suppresses low frequency noise, and provides high sensitivity without the need for active stabilization. An optical probe beam is reflected and phase modulated by a workpiece surface that is being vibrated by ultrasound. A time-delay interferometer optically interferes the phase modulated probe beam with a time-delayed replica of itself. The optical interference generates optical interference fringes that move in accordance with the workpiece surface velocity. The interference fringes are detected by a non-steady-state photo-electromotive-force (NSS-photo-EMF) detector that generates an output signal when the frequency of fringe motion exceeds a predetermined threshold.
摘要翻译： 对粗糙的工件表面相对不敏感的超声波检测系统抑制低频噪声，并提供高灵敏度，而不需要主动稳定。 光学探针光束被被超声振动的工件表面反射和相位调制。 时间延迟干涉仪通过自身的延时复制光学干涉相位调制探测光束。 光学干涉产生根据工件表面速度移动的光学干涉条纹。 通过非稳态光电动势（NSS-photo-EMF）检测器检测干涉条纹，当检测条纹运动频率超过预定阈值时，产生输出信号。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4291950A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-29
申请号：US138463
申请日：1980-04-08
申请人： David M. Pepper , Marvin B. Klein
发明人： David M. Pepper , Marvin B. Klein
摘要： Optical devices are disclosed which rely upon Stark-induced resonant, tunable, and saturable birefringence and dichroism to provide both digital and linear amplitude optical modulators, optical shutters, tunable optical filters, and optical cutoff limiters. A Stark cell is disposed along a light beam path between two crossed polarizers with its electric field direction at 45.degree. to the polarizer pass directions. The Stark cell contains a medium exhibiting a dichroic absorption resonance at a predetermined frequency as well as birefringence at frequencies slightly above and slightly below the frequency of the absorption resonance. By applying an appropriate control voltage between the Stark cell electrodes, an electric field is generated within the Stark cell to tune the absorption resonance to overlap the frequency of an input laser beam and thereby vary the transmission through the device from maximum near resonance to zero at frequencies far away from resonance.
摘要翻译： 公开了依赖于Stark引起的谐振，可调谐和可饱和双折射和二向色来提供数字和线性振幅光学调制器，光学百叶窗，可调谐光学滤波器和光学截止限制器的光学器件。 Stark电池沿着两个交叉偏振器之间的光束路径设置，其电场方向与偏振器通过方向成45度。 Stark电池包含在预定频率下呈现二色性吸收共振的介质，以及在略高于和略低于吸收共振频率的频率处的双折射。 通过在Stark单元电极之间施加适当的控制电压，在Stark单元内产生电场以调谐吸收共振以与输入激光束的频率重叠，从而将穿过器件的透射从最大近似谐振改变为零 频率远离共振。
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