公开(公告)号：US4779452A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-25

申请号：US872315

申请日：1986-06-09

申请人： Frederic Cohen-Tenoudji ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg, deceased ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  William J. Pardee

发明人： Frederic Cohen-Tenoudji ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg, deceased ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  William J. Pardee

IPC分类号： G01N3/00 ,  G01N11/00 ,  G01N29/22 ,  G01N33/44

CPC分类号： G01N33/442 ,  G01N11/00 ,  G01N29/222 ,  G01N2203/0092 ,  G01N2291/0251 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/02827 ,  G01N2291/02881 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422

摘要： An ultrasonic viscometer is described which is particularly designed for monitoring the viscosity of a thermally curing resin or composite, such as a fiber-reinforced epoxy composite, in an autoclave at high temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the viscometer comprises a piezoelectric element of lithium niobate crystals bonded to a first buffer of copper, which is bonded on the other side to a second buffer of aluminum. The resin or composite is in contact with the second buffer. When the transducer emits a short ultrasonic pulse, two echoes are reflected back, the first echo being generated by the copper-aluminum interface, the second by the aluminum-resin interface. The signals from the two echoes are processed to obtain the complex reflection coefficient at the interface of the second buffer and the resin, from which the viscosity of the resin can be calculated and the cure state of the resin determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种超声波粘度计，其特别设计用于在高温高压釜中监测热固化树脂或复合材料如纤维增强环氧复合材料的粘度。 根据优选实施例，粘度计包括结合到铜的第一缓冲层的铌酸锂晶体的压电元件，其在另一侧接合到第二铝缓冲器。 树脂或复合材料与第二缓冲液接触。 当换能器发射短的超声波脉冲时，两个回波反射回来，第一个回波由铜 - 铝界面产生，第二个回波由铝 - 树脂界面产生。 处理来自两个回波的信号，以获得在第二缓冲器和树脂的界面处的复反射系数，从该树脂可以计算树脂的粘度并确定树脂的固化状态。

公开(公告)号：US4372163A

公开(公告)日：1983-02-08

申请号：US231061

申请日：1981-02-03

申请人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg ,  Richard K. Elsley

发明人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg ,  Richard K. Elsley

IPC分类号： G01N29/04 ,  G01N29/34 ,  G01N29/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/348 ,  G01N2291/0258 ,  G01N2291/0423

摘要： Disclosed is a method for determining the dispersion of a surface acoustic wave in an object, including the steps of generating a broadband acoustic wave in a surface of the object, detecting the wave at first location on the surface, and detecting the wave at a second location on the surface. Fourier transforms of the first and second detected waves are calculated, then the change in phase .DELTA..phi.(f) of the frequency component f of the detected wave, between the first and second locations, is computed from the phase components of the quotient of the two transforms. The dispersion of the wave in the surface is given by the formulav(f)=(2.pi.f .DELTA.l/.DELTA..phi.(f))In a pulse-echo version of the method, the wave is generated and detected at the first location, and generated and detected at the second location, the dispersion then being according to the formulav(f)=4.pi.f .DELTA.l/.DELTA..phi.(f)).

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定物体中表面声波的色散的方法，包括以下步骤：在物体的表面中产生宽带声波，检测表面上的第一位置处的波，并在一秒钟内检测波 表面上的位置。 计算第一和第二检测波的傅立叶变换，然后从第一和第二位置的商的相位分量计算检测波的频率分量f在第一和第二位置之间的相位DELTA phi（f）的变化 两个转换。 波形在表面的色散由公式v（f）=（2 pif DELTA l / DELTA phi（f））给出。在该方法的脉冲回波版本中，在第一 位置，并且在第二位置处生成和检测到，则色散然后根据公式v（f）= 4 pif DELTA l / DELTA phi（f））。

公开(公告)号：US4274288A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-23

申请号：US59822

申请日：1979-07-23

申请人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg

发明人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  Lloyd A. Ahlberg

IPC分类号： G01N29/04 ,  G01N29/34 ,  G01S15/02

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/348 ,  G01S15/02 ,  G01N2291/0423

摘要： Disclosed is a method for measuring the depth a of a surface flaw in an object, including the steps of irradiating the flaw with an incident acoustic surface wave signal, detecting a reflected acoustic surface wave signal, including a first portion reflected from the surface edge of the flaw and a second portion reflected from the bottom of the flaw, and analyzing the interference between the first and second portions of the reflected signal to determine the depth of the flaw. The analysis may be carried out by Fourier transforming the reflected signals from the time domain to the frequency domain, selecting a frequency f.sub.n for which a maximum or minimum amplitude is detected independent of the angle of detection, and calculating the depth a from the formula a=nV.sub.r /2f.sub.n, where n is an integer, and V.sub.r is the speed of an acoustic surface wave in the object.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量物体中的表面缺陷的深度a的方法，包括以下步骤：用入射的声表面波信号照射缺陷，检测反射的声表面波信号，该反射的声表面波信号包括从表面边缘反射的第一部分 所述缺陷和从所述缺陷的底部反射的第二部分，并且分析所述反射信号的所述第一和第二部分之间的干涉以确定所述缺陷的深度。 可以通过将从时域到频域的反射信号进行傅里叶变换，选择独立于检测角检测到最大或最小幅度的频率fn，并且从公式a计算深度a来进行分析 = nVr / 2fn，其中n是整数，Vr是物体中的声表面波的速度。

公开(公告)号：US4869097A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-26

申请号：US171980

申请日：1988-03-23

申请人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  John M. Richardson ,  James R. Bulau ,  Lawrence R. Bivins

发明人： Bernhard R. Tittmann ,  John M. Richardson ,  James R. Bulau ,  Lawrence R. Bivins

IPC分类号： G01L11/04

CPC分类号： G01L11/04

摘要： A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring the pressure of a gas within a sealed vessel. A sonic transducer is used to apply an oscillating force to the surface of the vessel. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is swept through a range which causes resonant vibration of the gas in the vessel. A receiving transducer measures the amplitude of the resultant vibration at the vessel surface and reveals the resonant frequency of the gas as peaks in the amplitude of the sweep. The resonant frequency obtained depends upon the composition of the gas, its pressure and temperature, and the shape of the confining vessel. These relationships can be predetermined empirically so that the pressure inside the vessel can be calculated when the composition of the gas, its temperature, and shape of the confining vessel are known. The output of the receiver is fed into a computer which is programmed to calculate the pressure based upon these predetermined relationships which are stored in the computer.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于测量密封容器内的气体的压力的方法和装置。 使用声音换能器将振荡力施加到容器的表面。 超声波的频率被扫过引起容器中的气体的共振振动的范围。 接收传感器测量在容器表面处产生的振动的振幅，并将气体的共振频率显示为扫描振幅的峰值。 获得的共振频率取决于气体的组成，其压力和温度以及限制容器的形状。 这些关系可以经验地确定，使得当气体的组成，其温度和限制容器的形状是已知的时，可以计算容器内的压力。 接收机的输出被馈送到计算机中，该计算机被编程为基于存储在计算机中的这些预定关系来计算压力。

公开(公告)号：US4698058A

公开(公告)日：1987-10-06

申请号：US787728

申请日：1985-10-15

申请人： Albert R. Greenfeld ,  Herbert Reis ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann

发明人： Albert R. Greenfeld ,  Herbert Reis ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann

IPC分类号： A61M25/00

CPC分类号： A61M25/0017 ,  A61M25/0045 ,  A61M25/0068 ,  A61M25/007 ,  A61M2025/0019 ,  A61M2025/004

摘要： Vibration is conveyed to the proximal orifices of an indwelling catheter to disintegrate accumulated clogging deposits, large suspended particles and contaminating bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. Orifices may be recessed, hooded or enclosed, and in some cases the catheter tip should be of absorptive material, to deter propagation of the vibration to the parts of the patient's body outside the catheter. Vibration may be conveyed to the orifices by (1) a solid fiber embedded in the catheter walls or positioned in an auxiliary lumen of the catheter; or (2) by a liquid in an auxiliary lumen--which may be formed as an annular space surrounding the main lumen. Preferably the apparatus measures the amount of vibration absorbed by the deposits or bacteria, etc., as a function of frequency, and automatically concentrates the vibration at frequencies where absorption is particularly high, to maximize the disintegration of deposits, particles, bacteria or other bioactive objects. Ultrasonic shear waves are thought more effective than compressional waves, but both may be used.

摘要翻译： 振动被传送到留置导管的近端孔口以分解积聚的堵塞沉积物，大悬浮颗粒和污染细菌，病毒，真菌等。孔可以凹进，连帽或封闭，并且在一些情况下导管尖端应该是吸收的 材料，以阻止振动传播到导管外部的患者身体的部分。 可以通过（1）嵌入在导管壁中的固体纤维或定位在导管的辅助腔中将振动传送到孔口; 或（2）辅助管腔中的液体，其可形成为围绕主腔的环形空间。 优选地，该装置测量作为频率的函数的沉积物或细菌等吸收的振动的量，并且在吸收特别高的频率下自动浓缩振动，以最大化沉积物，颗粒，细菌或其它生物活性物质的崩解 对象 超声波剪切波被认为比压缩波更有效，但是可以使用两者。

公开(公告)号：US4862384A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-29

申请号：US81042

申请日：1987-08-03

申请人： Martial R. Bujard ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann

发明人： Martial R. Bujard ,  Bernhard R. Tittmann

IPC分类号： G01N11/00 ,  G01N29/036 ,  G01N29/12 ,  G01N29/34

CPC分类号： G01N29/348 ,  G01N11/00 ,  G01N29/036 ,  G01N29/12 ,  G01N2291/014 ,  G01N2291/015 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/101

摘要： The dynamic viscosity of a viscous medium is measured by positioning an acoustic transducer in the temperature and pressure environment of the medium and spaced from the medium, then measuring a first resonant frequency and bandwidth for acoustic shear wave propagation within the transducer. The transducer is then positioned in surface contact with the medium, and a second resonant frequency and bandwidth are measured. The viscosity of the medium is calculated from the difference between the first and second resonant frequencies and bandwidths. The step of measuring a first resonant frequency and bandwidth involves applying a first input signal to the transducer to generate acoustic shear waves within the transducer, measuring the frequency and amplitude of the output signal produced by the transducer in response to the acoustic shear waves, and repeating the steps of applying and measuring for a range of first input signal frequencies to determine a first resonant frequency and bandwidth for the transducer. Similarly, the step of measuring a second resonant frequency and bandwidth includes applying a second input signal to the transducer to generate acoustic shear waves within the transducer, measuring the frequency and amplitude of the output signal produced by the transducer in response to the acoustic shear waves, and repeating the steps of applying and measuring for a range of second input signal frequencies to determine a second resonant frequency and bandwidth for the transducer.

摘要翻译： 通过将声学换能器定位在介质的温度和压力环境中并与介质间隔开来测量粘性介质的动态粘度，然后测量换能器内的声剪切波传播的第一共振频率和带宽。 然后将换能器定位成与介质表面接触，并且测量第二谐振频率和带宽。 介质的粘度根据第一和第二谐振频率和带宽之间的差值计算。 测量第一谐振频率和带宽的步骤涉及将第一输入信号施加到换能器以在换能器内产生声剪切波，测量换能器响应于声剪切波产生的输出信号的频率和振幅，以及 重复对第一输入信号频率的范围进行应用和测量以确定换能器的第一谐振频率和带宽的步骤。 类似地，测量第二谐振频率和带宽的步骤包括将第二输入信号施加到换能器以在换能器内产生声剪切波，测量换能器响应于声剪切波产生的输出信号的频率和振幅 并且重复对第二输入信号频率的范围进行应用和测量以确定换能器的第二谐振频率和带宽的步骤。