Methods and apparatus for detecting and reducing color errors in images
    1.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for detecting and reducing color errors in images 有权
    用于检测和减少图像中颜色误差的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06396505B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-05-28

    申请号:US09301943

    申请日:1999-04-29

    IPC分类号: G06T1140

    摘要: Display apparatus, and methods for displaying images, e.g., text, on gray scale and color monitors where each pixel includes multiple pixel sub-components are described. Filtering and/or displaced sampling is used to generate pixel sub-component luminous intensity values. As a result of treating pixel sub-components as distinct light emitters corresponding to different image portions, resolution is enhanced but color errors may be introduced into the image being displayed. Various techniques for detecting noticeable and/or distracting color errors are described. In addition, various techniques for correcting, compensating for, or reducing color errors are described. In one particular embodiment, red, green and blue pixel sub-component luminous intensity values are examined and compared to a range of luminous intensity values which is determined as a function of utilized foreground and background pixel colors. Pixel sub-component luminous intensity values which are determined to be outside the range of acceptable values are adjusted to fall within the range of acceptable values. In one particular embodiment, individual pixel sub-component luminous intensity values outside the range of acceptable values are clamped to the nearer of the foreground or background pixel sub-component luminous intensity value of the correspondingly colored pixel sub-component. In another embodiment sequential red and blue filters are used to reduce or compensate for color distortions.

    摘要翻译: 描述在每个像素包括多个像素子组件的灰度级和彩色监视器上显示诸如文本的图像的显示装置和方法。 使用滤波和/或移位采样来产生像素子分量发光强度值。 作为对应于不同图像部分的不同光发射体的像素子部件的处理的结果,增强了分辨率,但是可能将颜色误差引入正被显示的图像。 描述了用于检测明显的和/或分心的颜色错误的各种技术。 另外,描述了用于校正,补偿或减少颜色误差的各种技术。 在一个具体实施例中,检查红色,绿色和蓝色像素子分量发光强度值,并将其与根据利用的前景和背景像素颜色的函数确定的发光强度值的范围进行比较。 被确定为在可接受值范围之外的像素子分量发光强度值被调整为落在可接受值的范围内。 在一个具体实施例中,在可接受值范围之外的各个像素子分量发光强度值被钳位到相应颜色的像素子分量的前景或背景像素子分量发光强度值的更靠近。 在另一个实施例中,使用顺序的红色和蓝色滤光器来减少或补偿颜色失真。

    Methods, apparatus and data structures for overscaling or oversampling character feature information in a system for rendering text on horizontally striped displays
    2.
    发明授权
    Methods, apparatus and data structures for overscaling or oversampling character feature information in a system for rendering text on horizontally striped displays 有权
    用于在水平条纹显示器上渲染文本的系统中用于过大缩放或过采样字符特征信息的方法,装置和数据结构

    公开(公告)号:US06339426B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-01-15

    申请号:US09301904

    申请日:1999-04-29

    IPC分类号: G06T1100

    摘要: The resolution of text rendered on a display device having sub-pixel elements, such as an RGB LCD for example, and in particular, on a display device having horizontal striping is enhanced by (i) overscaling (or oversampling) character outline information in the vertical (or Y) direction, and (ii) filtering displaced information from the overscaled (or oversampled) character outline information. Metrics associated with character outline information may be appropriately adjusted. The vertical (or Y) position of the baseline of adjacent characters may be constrained by forcing the first pixel above the baseline to be composed of a full number N of scan conversion source samples, where N corresponds to an overscaling (or oversampling) factor. Groups of scan conversion source samples may be converted into packed pixel index values. Color values may be selectively filtered when the differences in the intensity of adjacent sub-pixel elements would otherwise be irritating to view. Finally, the gamma of the pixel values may be corrected so that the gamma of the display device is considered and so that intensity values of sub-pixel elements fall within a range of intensities in which gamma correction is more useful.

    摘要翻译: 具有例如RGB LCD,特别是具有水平条纹的显示装置的具有子像素元素的显示装置上的文本的分辨率通过(i)超大(或过采样)中的字符轮廓信息来增强 垂直(或Y)方向,以及(ii)过滤(或过采样)字符轮廓信息中的位移信息。 可以适当地调整与字符轮廓信息相关联的度量。 相邻字符的基线的垂直(或Y)位置可以通过强制基线上方的第一像素由全数N个扫描转换源样本组成,其中N对应于过大的(或过采样)因子。 扫描转换源样本组可以转换为压缩像素索引值。 当相邻子像素元件的强度差异否则将刺激观看时,可以选择性地滤波颜色值。 最后,可以校正像素值的伽马,使得考虑显示装置的伽马,并且使得子像素元件的强度值落在伽马校正更有用的强度范围内。

    Methods and apparatus for performing image rendering and rasterization operations
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for performing image rendering and rasterization operations 有权
    用于执行图像渲染和光栅化操作的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06307566B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-10-23

    申请号:US09168014

    申请日:1998-10-07

    IPC分类号: G09G536

    摘要: Methods and apparatus for utilizing pixel sub-components which form a pixel element of an LCD display, e.g., as separate luminous intensity elements, are described. Each pixel of a color LCD display is comprised of three non-overlapping red, green and blue rectangular pixel sub-elements or sub-components. The invention takes advantage of the ability to control individual RGB pixel sub-elements to effectively increase a screen's resolution in the dimension perpendicular to the dimension in which the screen is striped, e.g., the RGB pixel sub-elements are arranged lengthwise. In order to utilize the effective resolution which can be obtained by treating RGB pixel sub-components separately, scaling or super sampling of digital representations of fonts is performed in one dimension at a rate that is greater than the scaling or sampling performed in the other dimension. In some embodiments where weighting is used in determining RGB pixel values, e.g., during scan conversion, the super sampling is a function of the weighting. During a scan conversion operation, RGB pixel sub-component values are independently determined from different portions of a scaled image. The scan conversion process may involve use of different weights for each color component. Processing to compensate for color distortions, e.g., color fringing, introduced by treating each pixel sub-component as an independent element is described. For horizontally flowing text applications, screens with vertical as opposed to horizontal striping are preferred.

    摘要翻译: 描述了利用形成LCD显示器的像素元件的像素子部件的方法和装置,例如作为单独的发光强度元件。 彩色LCD显示器的每个像素由三个不重叠的红色,绿色和蓝色矩形像素子元件或子组件组成。 本发明利用了控制各个RGB像素子元素的能力,以有效地增加垂直于屏幕划分的尺寸的尺寸的屏幕分辨率,例如,RGB像素子元素被纵向排列。 为了利用通过分别处理RGB像素子组件可以获得的有效分辨率,在一个维度上以比在另一维度中执行的缩放或采样的速率执行字体的数字表示的缩放或超采样 。 在一些实施例中,其中例如在扫描转换期间使用加权来确定RGB像素值,超采样是加权的函数。 在扫描转换操作期间,RGB像素子分量值是从缩放图像的不同部分独立地确定的。 扫描转换过程可以涉及对于每个颜色分量使用不同的权重。 描述了通过将每个像素子部件作为独立元件进行处理而引入的用于补偿颜色失真(例如,彩色条纹)的处理。 对于水平流动的文本应用,优选与垂直条纹相反的屏幕。

    Method and apparatus for detecting and reducing color artifacts in images
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for detecting and reducing color artifacts in images 有权
    用于检测和减少图像中的色彩伪像的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06243070B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-06-05

    申请号:US09191173

    申请日:1998-11-13

    IPC分类号: G09G536

    摘要: Color processing operations can be used to reduce color artifacts in images displayed on display devices having pixels with separately controllable pixel sub-components. Different regions of image data are mapped to the individual pixel sub-components of the pixels. In the absence of performing the color processing operations, distracting color artifacts can be generated in the displayed image as a result of the pixel sub-components being treated as independent luminous intensity sources. Color artifacts can be reduced by comparing the difference between the luminous intensity values of adjacent red and green pixel sub-components with a threshold value and adjusting the luminous intensity values so as to reduce the difference if it exceeds the threshold value. Color artifacts can also be reduced by performing a gray scaling operation on pixels having an overall luminance that is less than the luminance associated with a foreground color and also less than the luminance associated with a background color. Color artifacts can also be reduced by adjusting the luminous intensity values if a pixel has a color that falls outside a selected range of acceptable mixes of the foreground and background colors.

    摘要翻译: 颜色处理操作可以用于减少显示在具有具有可分离的可控像素子组件的像素的显示设备上的图像中的色彩瑕疵。 图像数据的不同区域被映射到像素的各个像素子分量。 在没有执行颜色处理操作的情况下,作为像素子部件被视为独立的发光强度源的结果,可以在所显示的图像中产生分散的颜色伪像。 通过将相邻的红色和绿色像素子分量的发光强度值之间的差与阈值进行比较并调整发光强度值,以便如果它们超过阈值则减小差异,则可以减少颜色伪像。 还可以通过对总亮度小于与前景颜色相关联的亮度并且小于与背景颜色相关联的亮度的像素执行灰度缩放操作来减少彩色伪像。 如果像素具有落在前景和背景颜色的可接受的混合物的选定范围之外的颜色,则还可以通过调整发光强度值来减少颜色伪影。

    Method and apparatus for displaying images such as text
    5.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for displaying images such as text 有权
    用于显示文本等图像的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06188385B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-02-13

    申请号:US09168012

    申请日:1998-10-07

    IPC分类号: G09G536

    摘要: Methods and apparatus for utilizing pixel sub-components which form a pixel element of an LCD display, e.g., as separate luminous intensity elements, are described. Each pixel of a color LCD display is comprised of three non-overlapping red, green and blue rectangular pixel sub-elements or sub-components. The invention takes advantage of the ability to control individual RGB pixel sub-elements to effectively increase a screen's resolution in the dimension perpendicular to the dimension in which the screen is striped, e.g., the RGB pixel sub-elements are arranged lengthwise. In order to utilize the effective resolution which can be obtained by treating RGB pixel sub-components separately, scaling or super sampling of digital representations of fonts is performed in one dimension at a rate that is greater than the scaling or sampling performed in the other dimension. In some embodiments where weighting is used in determining RGB pixel values, e.g., during scan conversion, the super sampling is a function of the weighting. During a scan conversion operation, RGB pixel sub-component values are independently determined from different portions of a scaled image. The scan conversion process may involve use of different weights for each color component. Processing to compensate for color distortions, e.g., color fringing, introduced by treating each pixel sub-component as an independent element is described. For horizontally flowing text applications, screens with vertical as opposed to horizontal striping are preferred.

    摘要翻译: 描述了利用形成LCD显示器的像素元件的像素子部件的方法和装置,例如作为单独的发光强度元件。 彩色LCD显示器的每个像素由三个不重叠的红色,绿色和蓝色矩形像素子元件或子组件组成。 本发明利用了控制各个RGB像素子元素的能力,以有效地增加垂直于屏幕划分的尺寸的尺寸的屏幕分辨率,例如,RGB像素子元素被纵向排列。 为了利用通过分别处理RGB像素子组件可以获得的有效分辨率,在一个维度上以比在另一维度中执行的缩放或采样的速率执行字体的数字表示的缩放或超采样 。 在一些实施例中,其中例如在扫描转换期间使用加权来确定RGB像素值,超采样是加权的函数。 在扫描转换操作期间,RGB像素子分量值是从缩放图像的不同部分独立地确定的。 扫描转换过程可以涉及对于每个颜色分量使用不同的权重。 描述了通过将每个像素子部件作为独立元件进行处理而引入的用于补偿颜色失真(例如,彩色条纹)的处理。 对于水平流动的文本应用,优选与垂直条纹相反的屏幕。

    Gray scale and color display methods and apparatus
    6.
    发明授权
    Gray scale and color display methods and apparatus 有权
    灰度和彩色显示方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06577291B2

    公开(公告)日:2003-06-10

    申请号:US09191181

    申请日:1998-11-13

    IPC分类号: G09G336

    摘要: Display apparatus, and methods for displaying images, e.g., text, on gray scale and color monitors are described. Gray scale displays implemented in accordance with the present invention include displays having a resolution in a first dimension, e.g., the horizontal dimension, which is several time the resolution in a second dimension, e.g., the vertical dimension. Various other displays of the present invention are capable of operating as both gray scale and color display devices. In one such display, the color filter used to implement a color portion of the display is omitted from another, e.g., gray scale portion of the same display. In such an embodiment, text, e.g., captions, are displayed using the gray scale portion of the display while color images, e.g., graphics, are displayed on the color portion of the display. In another display of the present invention, a color filter with filter cells that can be switched between a color and a clear mode of operation are employed. When images, e.g., text, are to be displayed as gray scale images, the filter cells, corresponding to the portion of the display to be used to display the gray scale images, are switched to the clear mode of operation. In such an embodiment, the remaining portion or portions of the display may be used to display color images. Methods and apparatus for reducing and/or eliminating color distortions in images resulting from treating pixel sub-components as independent luminous intensity sources are also described.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于在灰度级和颜色监视器上显示诸如文本的图像的显示装置和方法。 根据本发明实现的灰度级显示器包括具有第一维度(例如,水平尺寸)的分辨率的显示器,其是第二维度(例如垂直尺寸)中的分辨率的几倍。 本发明的各种其它显示器能够作为灰阶和彩色显示装置进行操作。 在一个这样的显示器中,用于实现显示器的彩色部分的滤色器从另一个例如相同显示器的灰度部分省略。 在这样的实施例中,使用显示器的灰度部分显示文本,例如字幕,而彩色图像(例如图形)显示在显示器的颜色部分上。 在本发明的另一显示器中,采用具有可在颜色和清晰操作模式之间切换的滤光器单元的滤色器。 当图像(例如文本)将被显示为灰度图像时,对应于用于显示灰度图像的显示器的部分的滤波器单元被切换到清除操作模式。 在这样的实施例中,显示器的剩余部分或部分可以用于显示彩色图像。 还描述了用于减少和/或消除由于将像素子组件视为独立的发光强度源而产生的图像中的颜色失真的方法和装置。

    Methods and apparatus for performing grid fitting and hinting operations
    7.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for performing grid fitting and hinting operations 有权
    执行电网装配和暗示操作的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06421054B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-07-16

    申请号:US09168015

    申请日:1998-10-07

    IPC分类号: G09G936

    摘要: Methods and apparatus for utilizing pixel sub-components which form a pixel element of an LCD display, e.g., as separate luminous intensity elements, are described. Each pixel of a color LCD display is comprised of three non-overlapping red, green and blue rectangular pixel sub-elements or sub-components. The invention takes advantage of the ability to control individual RGB pixel sub-elements to effectively increase a screen's resolution in the dimension perpendicular to the dimension in which the screen is striped, e.g., the RGB pixel sub-elements are arranged lengthwise. In order to utilize the effective resolution which can be obtained by treating RGB pixel sub-components separately, scaling or super sampling of digital representations of fonts is performed in one dimension at a rate that is greater than the scaling or sampling performed in the other dimension. In some embodiments where weighting is used in determining RGB pixel values, e.g., during scan conversion, the super sampling is a function of the weighting. During a scan conversion operation, RGB pixel sub-component values are independently determined from different portions of a scaled image. The scan conversion process may involve use of different weights for each color component. Processing to compensate for color distortions, e.g., color fringing, introduced by treating each pixel sub-component as an independent element is described. For horizontally flowing text applications, screens with vertical as opposed to horizontal striping are preferred.

    摘要翻译: 描述了利用形成LCD显示器的像素元件的像素子部件的方法和装置,例如作为单独的发光强度元件。 彩色LCD显示器的每个像素由三个不重叠的红色,绿色和蓝色矩形像素子元件或子组件组成。 本发明利用了控制各个RGB像素子元素的能力,以有效地增加垂直于屏幕划分的尺寸的尺寸的屏幕分辨率,例如,RGB像素子元素被纵向排列。 为了利用通过分别处理RGB像素子组件可以获得的有效分辨率,在一个维度上以比在另一维度中执行的缩放或采样的速率执行字体的数字表示的缩放或超采样 。 在一些实施例中,其中例如在扫描转换期间使用加权来确定RGB像素值,超采样是加权的函数。 在扫描转换操作期间,RGB像素子分量值是从缩放图像的不同部分独立地确定的。 扫描转换过程可以涉及对于每个颜色分量使用不同的权重。 描述了通过将每个像素子部件作为独立元件进行处理而引入的用于补偿颜色失真(例如,彩色条纹)的处理。 对于水平流动的文本应用,优选与垂直条纹相反的屏幕。

    High resolution display of image data using pixel sub-components
    8.
    发明授权
    High resolution display of image data using pixel sub-components 有权
    使用像素子组件高分辨率显示图像数据

    公开(公告)号:US06693615B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-02-17

    申请号:US10430724

    申请日:2003-05-06

    IPC分类号: G06G336

    摘要: Displaying image data with sub-pixel precision on display devices having pixels with separately controllable pixel sub-components, such as those used in liquid crystal display devices. Samples of the image data are obtained, and spatially different sets of one or more of the samples are mapped to individual pixel sub-components as opposed to mapping sets of samples to entire pixels. Luminous intensity values based on the mapped sets of samples are generated and used to control the operation of the separately controllable pixel sub-components. The image is thereby displayed on the display device, with different portions of the image being represented by different pixel sub-components, resulting an image with sub-pixel resolution. The image data can represent a text character, in which case the stem width of a stem of the text character can have a value that is not an integer multiple of the width of a full pixel.

    摘要翻译: 在具有可分离可控的像素子组件(例如在液晶显示装置中使用的像素子组件)的像素的显示装置上显示具有子像素精度的图像数据。 获得图像数据的样本,并且将一个或多个样本的空间不同的集合映射到各个像素子分量,而不是将样本集合映射到整个像素。 生成基于映射的样本集合的发光强度值并用于控制可分离的可控像素子组件的操作。 因此,图像被显示在显示装置上,图像的不同部分由不同的像素子部件表示,导致具有子像素分辨率的图像。 图像数据可以表示文本字符,在这种情况下,文本字符的句柄的句柄宽度可以具有不是整个像素宽度的整数倍的值。

    Weighted mapping of image data samples to pixel sub-components on a display device
    9.
    发明授权
    Weighted mapping of image data samples to pixel sub-components on a display device 有权
    将图像数据样本加权映射到显示设备上的像素子组件

    公开(公告)号:US06239783B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-05-29

    申请号:US09414144

    申请日:1999-10-07

    IPC分类号: G09G502

    摘要: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for sampling image data and mapping the samples to pixel sub-components which form a pixel element of an LCD display so that each pixel sub-component has a different portion of the image mapped thereto and at least one of the pixel sub-components has two or more samples mapped thereto. The methods can be used with conventional color LCD displays that include pixels consisting of three non-overlapping red, green and blue rectangular pixel sub-elements or sub-components. The separately-controllable nature of individual RGB pixel sub-components is used to effectively increase a screen's resolution in one dimension. A scan conversion process maps samples of the image data to individual pixel sub-components, including mapping two or more samples to at least one of the pixel sub-component. As a result, each of the pixel sub-components represents a different portion of the image. The color values are independently generated for each of the red, green, and blue pixel sub-components based on different portions of the image, rather than the color values for the entire pixel being generated based on a single sample or the same portion of the image.

    摘要翻译: 公开了用于对图像数据进行采样并将样本映射到形成LCD显示器的像素元素的像素子部件的方法和装置,使得每个像素子部件具有映射到其上的图像的不同部分,以及像素中的至少一个 子组件具有映射到其上的两个或更多个样本。 该方法可以与常规彩色LCD显示器一起使用,其中包括由三个不重叠的红色,绿色和蓝色矩形像素子元素或子组件组成的像素。 各个RGB像素子组件的独立可控性质被用于在一个维度上有效地增加屏幕的分辨率。 扫描转换处理将图像数据的样本映射到各个像素子分量,包括将两个或多个样本映射到像素子分量中的至少一个。 结果,每个像素子组件表示图像的不同部分。 基于图像的不同部分,针对红色,绿色和蓝色像素子组件中的每一个独立地生成颜色值,而不是基于单个样本或相同部分生成的整个像素的颜色值 图片。

    Mapping samples of foreground/background color image data to pixel sub-components
    10.
    发明授权
    Mapping samples of foreground/background color image data to pixel sub-components 有权
    将前景/背景彩色图像数据的样本映射到像素子组件

    公开(公告)号:US06225973B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-05-01

    申请号:US09414148

    申请日:1999-10-07

    IPC分类号: G09G536

    摘要: Methods and apparatus are described for sampling image data that includes foreground/background color information and mapping the samples to pixel sub-components which form a pixel element of an LCD display so that each pixel sub-component has a different portion of the image mapped thereto. The methods can be used with conventional color LCD displays that include pixels consisting of three non-overlapping red, green and blue rectangular pixel sub-elements or sub-components. The separately-controllable nature of individual RGB pixel sub-components is used to effectively increase a screen's resolution in the dimension perpendicular to the dimension in which the screen is striped. A scan conversion process maps samples of the image data to individual pixel sub-components, resulting in each of the pixel sub-components representing a different portion of the image. The color values are independently generated for each of the red, green, and blue pixel sub-components based on different portions of the image, rather than the color values for the entire pixel being generated based on a single sample or the same portion of the image.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于对包括前景/背景颜色信息的图像数据进行采样并将样本映射到形成LCD显示器的像素元素的像素子分量的方法和装置,使得每个像素子分量具有映射到其上的图像的不同部分 。 该方法可以与常规彩色LCD显示器一起使用,其中包括由三个不重叠的红色,绿色和蓝色矩形像素子元素或子组件组成的像素。 各个RGB像素子组件的独立可控性质被用来有效地增加垂直于屏幕条纹尺寸的维度的屏幕分辨率。 扫描转换处理将图像数据的样本映射到各个像素子分量,导致表示图像的不同部分的每个像素子分量。 基于图像的不同部分,针对红色,绿色和蓝色像素子组件中的每一个独立地生成颜色值,而不是基于单个样本或相同部分生成的整个像素的颜色值 图片。