公开(公告)号：US20140046179A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-13

申请号：US14113142

申请日：2012-04-30

申请人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin ,  Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

发明人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin ,  Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

IPC分类号： A61B6/03

CPC分类号： A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/508 ,  A61B6/5235

摘要： Simultaneous dual-isotope positron emission tomography (PET) is used to improve disease evaluation. Two distinct molecular probes are simultaneously provided to the imaging target. One of the probes is labeled with a radionuclide that emits positrons to provide double coincidence events in PET. The other probe is labeled with a radionuclide that emits positrons+prompt gammas to provide triple coincidence events in PET. One of the probes is a metabolic probe, and the other probe is a selective probe that includes a ligand or antibody that is biologically responsive to receptor/antigen status. A PET system is employed that can provide simultaneous double coincidence and triple coincidence PET images. The resulting images provide simultaneous metabolic imaging and receptor/antigen imaging. Applications include disease evaluation, such as cancer staging (e.g., for breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc.).

摘要翻译： 同时使用双同位素正电子发射断层扫描（PET）来改善疾病评估。 两个不同的分子探针同时提供给成像靶。 其中一个探针用发射正电子的放射性核素标记，以在PET中提供双重重合事件。 另一个探针用放射性核素标记，其发射正电子+提示的伽马，以在PET中提供三重重合事件。 探针之一是代谢探针，另一个探针是选择性探针，其包括对受体/抗原状态具有生物学反应的配体或抗体。 采用PET系统可同时提供双重重合和三重重合PET图像。 所得图像提供同时代谢成像和受体/抗原成像。 应用包括疾病评价，例如癌症分期（例如，用于乳腺癌，前列腺癌等）。

公开(公告)号：US20100258731A1

公开(公告)日：2010-10-14

申请号：US12798679

申请日：2010-04-08

申请人： Craig S. Levin ,  Peter D. Olcott

发明人： Craig S. Levin ,  Peter D. Olcott

IPC分类号： G01T1/164 ,  G01T1/202 ,  A61B6/03

CPC分类号： A61B6/4014 ,  A61B6/032 ,  G01T1/1647

摘要： Multiplexing for radiation imaging is provided by using optical delay combiners to provide distinct optical encoding for each detector channel. Each detector head provides an optical output which is encoded. The encoded optical signals can be optically combined to provide a single optical output for all of the detectors in the system. This single optical output can be coupled to a fast photodetector (e.g., a streak camera). The pulse readout from the photodetector can decode the arrival time of the event, the energy of the event, and which channels registered the detection event. Preferably, the detector heads provide coherent optical outputs, and the optical delay combiners are preferably implemented using photonic crystal technology to provide photonic integrated circuits including many delay combiners.

摘要翻译： 通过使用光学延迟组合器为每个检测器通道提供不同的光学编码来提供放射成像的复用。 每个检测器头提供被编码的光输出。 编码的光信号可以被光学组合以为系统中的所有检测器提供单个光输出。 该单个光学输出可以耦合到快速光电检测器（例如，条纹照相机）。 来自光电检测器的脉冲读出可以解码事件的到达时间，事件的能量以及哪个通道注册检测事件。 优选地，检测器头提供相干光学输出，并且光学延迟组合器优选地使用光子晶体技术实现，以提供包括许多延迟组合器的光子集成电路。

公开(公告)号：US07645997B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-12

申请号：US11904627

申请日：2007-09-26

申请人： Jin Zhang ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Jin Zhang ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： H01L25/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/1647

摘要： Improved position estimation for a square photodetector having terminals at its corners is provided by first estimating an event position in a coordinate system aligned with the diagonals of the square, and then performing a coordinate rotation to provide an estimated position in a coordinate system aligned with the sides of the square. These two steps can also be mathematically combined. It is believed that the improved accuracy of this position determination approach is a result of a greater degree of linearity in charge division between terminals along diagonal axes than along orthogonal axes of a square detector. Flood images provided by this method have been compared to flood images provided by the conventional Anger method, and substantially less image distortion is observed with the present method than with the Anger method. This reduced distortion can enable automatic crystal segmentation from raw flood image data, which is particularly beneficial in connection with simplifying positron emission tomography (PET) system calibration.

摘要翻译： 通过首先估计与正方形的对角线对准的坐标系中的事件位置，然后进行坐标旋转以提供与坐标系对准的坐标系中的估计位置，来提供在其角落处具有端子的正方形光检测器的改进的位置估计 广场两边。 这两个步骤也可以在数学上组合。 据信，该位置确定方法的改进的精度是沿着对角轴的端子之间的电荷分割的线性比沿着正方形检测器的正交轴线更大程度的线性度的结果。 通过这种方法提供的洪水图像已经与通过传统的Anger方法提供的洪水图像进行了比较，并且使用本方法观察到的图像失真比使用Anger方法大大减少。 这种减小的失真可以实现从原始洪水图像数据的自动晶体分割，这对于简化正电子发射断层摄影（PET）系统校准是特别有益的。

公开(公告)号：US08849002B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-30

申请号：US13808063

申请日：2011-07-07

申请人： Garry Chinn ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Garry Chinn ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  G06T11/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  A61B6/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/003 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5205 ,  G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/436

摘要： Compressed sensing (CS) estimation approaches rely on a priori sparsity to significantly reduce the number of samples needed to provide high sampling fidelity, relative to the normal Shannon-Nyquist limit. Accordingly, CS approaches are of considerable interest for detector multiplexing in applications which have inherently sparse signals (e.g., the two correlated photon detection events in PET imaging). However, CS approaches also tend to fare poorly in the presence of noise, which has limited their applicability in practice. In this work, we show that CS estimation can be used to provide an estimate of the support of an image. This estimated support is then used as a constraint for maximum likelihood image reconstruction. This approach has robust noise performance and provides high reconstruction fidelity.

摘要翻译： 压缩感测（CS）估计方法依赖于先验稀疏度，相对于正常的香农奈奎斯特极限，显着减少提供高采样保真度所需的采样数量。 因此，对于具有固有稀疏信号（例如，PET成像中的两个相关的光子检测事件）的应用中，CS方法对于检测器复用具有相当大的兴趣。 然而，在存在噪声的情况下，CS方法也往往很差，这实际上限制了它们的适用性。 在这项工作中，我们显示CS估计可用于提供图像支持的估计。 然后将该估计的支持用作最大似然图像重建的约束。 这种方法具有强大的噪声性能，并提供高重建保真度。

公开(公告)号：US20130142409A1

公开(公告)日：2013-06-06

申请号：US13808063

申请日：2011-07-07

申请人： Garry Chinn ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Garry Chinn ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G06T11/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/003 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5205 ,  G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/436

摘要： Compressed sensing (CS) estimation approaches rely on a priori sparsity to significantly reduce the number of samples needed to provide high sampling fidelity, relative to the normal Shannon-Nyquist limit. Accordingly, CS approaches are of considerable interest for detector multiplexing in applications which have inherently sparse signals (e.g., the two correlated photon detection events in PET imaging). However, CS approaches also tend to fare poorly in the presence of noise, which has limited their applicability in practice. In this work, we show that CS estimation can be used to provide an estimate of the support of an image. This estimated support is then used as a constraint for maximum likelihood image reconstruction. This approach has robust noise performance and provides high reconstruction fidelity.

摘要翻译： 压缩感测（CS）估计方法依赖于先验稀疏度，相对于正常的香农奈奎斯特极限，显着减少提供高采样保真度所需的采样数量。 因此，对于具有固有稀疏信号（例如，PET成像中的两个相关的光子检测事件）的应用中，CS方法对于检测器复用具有相当大的兴趣。 然而，在存在噪声的情况下，CS方法也往往很差，这实际上限制了它们的适用性。 在这项工作中，我们显示CS估计可用于提供图像支持的估计。 然后将该估计的支持用作最大似然图像重建的约束。 这种方法具有强大的噪声性能，并提供高重建保真度。

公开(公告)号：US20100025589A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US12397195

申请日：2009-03-03

申请人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G01T1/164 ,  G01J1/44

CPC分类号： G01T1/1647

摘要： Methods and systems for processing an analog signal that is generated by a high energy photon detector in response to a high energy photon interaction. A digital edge is generated representing the time of the interaction along a first path, and the energy of the interaction is encoded as a delay from the digital edge along a second path. The generated digital edge and the delay encode the time and energy of the analog signal using pulse width modulation.

摘要翻译： 用于处理由高能光子检测器响应高能量光子相互作用产生的模拟信号的方法和系统。 生成表示沿着第一路径的交互的时间的数字边缘，并且交互的能量被编码为沿着第二路径的数字边缘的延迟。 产生的数字边沿和延迟使用脉宽调制对模拟信号的时间和能量进行编码。

公开(公告)号：US20090242773A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-01

申请号：US11904627

申请日：2007-09-26

申请人： Jin Zhang ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Jin Zhang ,  Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G01T1/20 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/1647

摘要： Improved position estimation for a square photodetector having terminals at its corners is provided by first estimating an event position in a coordinate system aligned with the diagonals of the square, and then performing a coordinate rotation to provide an estimated position in a coordinate system aligned with the sides of the square. These two steps can also be mathematically combined. It is believed that the improved accuracy of this position determination approach is a result of a greater degree of linearity in charge division between terminals along diagonal axes than along orthogonal axes of a square detector. Flood images provided by this method have been compared to flood images provided by the conventional Anger method, and substantially less image distortion is observed with the present method than with the Anger method. This reduced distortion can enable automatic crystal segmentation from raw flood image data, which is particularly beneficial in connection with simplifying positron emission tomography (PET) system calibration.

摘要翻译： 通过首先估计与正方形的对角线对准的坐标系中的事件位置，然后进行坐标旋转以提供与坐标系对准的坐标系中的估计位置，来提供在其角落处具有端子的正方形光检测器的改进的位置估计 广场两边。 这两个步骤也可以在数学上组合。 据信，该位置确定方法的改进的精度是沿着对角轴的端子之间的电荷分割的线性比沿着正方形检测器的正交轴线更大程度的线性度的结果。 通过这种方法提供的洪水图像已经与通过传统的Anger方法提供的洪水图像进行了比较，并且使用本方法观察到的图像失真比使用Anger方法大大减少。 这种减小的失真可以实现从原始洪水图像数据的自动晶体分割，这对于简化正电子发射断层摄影（PET）系统校准是特别有益的。

公开(公告)号：US08258480B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-04

申请号：US12397195

申请日：2009-03-03

申请人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1647

摘要： Methods and systems for processing an analog signal that is generated by a high energy photon detector in response to a high energy photon interaction. A digital edge is generated representing the time of the interaction along a first path, and the energy of the interaction is encoded as a delay from the digital edge along a second path. The generated digital edge and the delay encode the time and energy of the analog signal using pulse width modulation.

摘要翻译： 用于处理由高能光子检测器响应高能量光子相互作用产生的模拟信号的方法和系统。 生成表示沿着第一路径的交互的时间的数字边缘，并且交互的能量被编码为沿着第二路径的数字边缘的延迟。 产生的数字边沿和延迟使用脉宽调制对模拟信号的时间和能量进行编码。

公开(公告)号：US20110204241A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

申请号：US13018310

申请日：2011-01-31

申请人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G01T1/20

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037

摘要： An apparatus for detecting ionizing radiation from a source. A detector is disposed relative to the source to receive the ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation causes ionization and/or excitation in the detector, wherein an optical property of the detector is altered in response to the ionization and/or excitation. A source of coherent probing light is disposed relative to the detector to probe the detector. The detector outputs the probing light, wherein the output light is modulated in response to the altered optical property. A receiver receives the output light and detects modulation in the output light.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测来自源的电离辐射的装置。 检测器相对于源设置以接收电离辐射。 电离辐射在检测器中引起电离和/或激发，其中检测器的光学特性响应于电离和/或激发而改变。 相关探测光源相对于检测器设置以探测检测器。 检测器输出探测光，其中响应于改变的光学性质调制输出光。 接收器接收输出光并检测输出光中的调制。

公开(公告)号：US20100243865A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-30

申请号：US12661890

申请日：2010-03-25

申请人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

发明人： Peter D. Olcott ,  Craig S. Levin

IPC分类号： G01J1/42

CPC分类号： G01J1/4228

摘要： An array of two-terminal detectors is configured to provide output signals that provide position sensitive radiation detection (e.g., outputs A and B provide vertical position and outputs C and D provide horizontal position), and which are differential (i.e., signal A+B is equal and opposite to signal C+D). Preferably, a capacitive network is employed to provide the position sensitivity. Array outputs are preferably provided to a low impedance amplifier or opto-electronic coupler.

摘要翻译： 两端检测器的阵列被配置为提供提供位置敏感辐射检测的输出信号（例如，输出A和B提供垂直位置，并且输出C和D提供水平位置），哪些是差分的（即信号A + B 与信号C + D相等和相反）。 优选地，使用电容网络来提供位置灵敏度。 阵列输出优选地提供给低阻抗放大器或光电耦合器。