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公开(公告)号：US3996421A
公开(公告)日：1976-12-07
申请号：US609753
申请日：1975-09-02
CPC分类号： H04N5/20
摘要： A raster display system is disclosed which utilizes a "sliding window" effect for enhancing the contrast of an image by adjusting the video gain and brightness within the window. The television display may have a raster having 512 lines and 512 elements per line. The display system utilizing digital circuitry calculates the average brightness of a "window" having a predetermined number of elements per display line and several parallel display lines, such as, for example, eight lines and eight elements per line. Thus, an eight-by-eight window is presented. The average brightness of the window is subtracted from the brightness of a centrally located element which results in the relative brightness of the element. This relative brightness signal is multiplied by a gain factor and the product is applied to an output circuit for controlling the bias of a central element of the window. The window is moved one element over and a second computation is made which in turn results in a new bias being set for a second element centrally located within the second window. The window is slid one element at a time and a bias adjustment is made for each centrally located element until all of the elements in the first eight lines have been entered into the computation. The window is then deflected one line down and back to the first eight elements of the second through ninth display lines. The process of sliding the window to the right continues again until all the elements within this second set of sliding windows is completed. Thus, the window slides across the display one element at a time and down one line at a time at the end of each set of lines until all of the elements in the display have entered into the computation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种光栅显示系统，其利用“滑动窗口”效应来通过调整窗口内的视频增益和亮度来增强图像的对比度。 电视显示器可以具有每行512行和512个元素的光栅。 利用数字电路的显示系统计算具有每个显示行的预定数量的元素和若干并行显示行（例如每行8行和8个元素）的“窗口”的平均亮度。 因此，提供了一个八乘八窗口。 从中心位置的元素的亮度中减去窗口的平均亮度，导致元素的相对亮度。 该相对亮度信号乘以增益因子，并将乘积施加到用于控制窗口的中心元件的偏置的输出电路。 窗口被移动一个元素，并且进行第二计算，这进而导致为位于第二窗口内的第二元素设置新的偏置。 窗口一次滑动一个元素，并对每个位于中心的元素进行偏置调整，直到前8行中的所有元素都已输入到计算中。 然后将窗口向下和向后偏转到第二至第九显示行的前八个元件。 将窗口向右滑动的过程将再次持续，直到第二组滑动窗口中的所有元素完成。 因此，窗口每次在每组线的末端一次一个地滑过显示器一个元件并一次下降一行，直到显示器中的所有元素都进入计算。
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公开(公告)号：US3983320A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-28
申请号：US608319
申请日：1975-08-25
CPC分类号： G06T5/007
摘要： Real time histogram equalization systems for a television type display that performs equalization with one or two dimensional processing on a local area or sliding window basis. For the two dimensional system, the intensity for any particular point in the image is adjusted according to a histogram of the area contained within a window immediately surrounding the point to be equalized. The histogram forming window provided by the system moves across the image in two dimensions both horizontally along each of a plurality of overlapping segments arranged parallel in the vertical dimension, and at each window position reassigned center picture elements are equalized. The processing of the histograms area or the sliding process is continued over the entire surface of the raster with the process being then repeated in a continuous fashion. The area being equalized for each window position may be selected equal horizontally and vertically to the respective amount of shifting along each segment between window positions and of the shifting of the window between adjacent segments. In order to process the histograms at the video rate and resolution the system computes mini or subhistograms from an area formed of a selected number of elements of the histogram in the horizontal dimension by the number of histogram lines in the vertical dimension of the window and sums the statistics of a selected number of the mini histograms to generate one histogram for equalizing the central area. In the continuous process the mini histograms are read out in parallel to form a plurality of histograms and multiple truncation maps which are stored in a selected number of RAM memories. Digital video is then processed through these transformed memories and stored in output buffers which may be required because of the multiplexing. In the system utilizing one dimensional processing, histograms are formed for the data of a selected number of lines in order to equalize the data of a selected line or lines and the histogram window area is moved vertically over the entire raster area.
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公开(公告)号：US4053946A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-11
申请号：US634711
申请日：1975-11-24
申请人： Eugene W. Opittek , James L. Heard , Bruce W. Keller , Michael D. Pruznick , Thomas A. Bosseler
发明人： Eugene W. Opittek , James L. Heard , Bruce W. Keller , Michael D. Pruznick , Thomas A. Bosseler
CPC分类号： G06K13/0825 , G01S7/298 , G06T1/0007
摘要： A digital scan converter which comprises modular video processing units and modular memory and output units is adapted for processing applied sensor data of various formats so as to provide output data suitable for display on a common indicator. Parameters for processing operations, such as analog-to-digital converting, integrating and detecting, are implemented by the video processing modules in response to digital "set-up" and address words applied from a programmed microprocessor controller. The storage and readout format of the memory and output modules is also controlled by "set-up" and address words applied from the programmed controller.
摘要翻译： 包括模块化视频处理单元和模块化存储器和输出单元的数字扫描转换器适于处理各种格式的应用传感器数据，以便提供适于在公共指示器上显示的输出数据。 响应于数字“设置”和从编程的微处理器控制器应用的地址字，视频处理模块实现诸如模数转换，集成和检测的处理操作的参数。 存储器和输出模块的存储和读出格式也通过“编程”和从编程的控制器应用的地址字进行控制。
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公开(公告)号：US4158838A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-19
申请号：US869721
申请日：1978-01-16
CPC分类号： G09G5/20
摘要： A symbol smoothing system for synthetically increasing the effective resolution of an in-raster symbol generator memory by a factor of four. The system stores a special three bit code in selected memory elements representative of the existing and past two memory lines with the code actually being a video brightness distribution and positioning offset code. A code number in a single memory cell defines positional and intensity information for the display elements corresponding to that memory cell and to selected surrounding eight memory cells, all of the memory cells having time or positional correspondence to display element positions. The stored codes in the surrounding memory cells, as well as the instantaneous memory cell being decoded, provide intensity levels which are combined at selected display element positions. The video data input for each memory cell consists of the fractional X and Y position bit and symbol type bit and from each memory element, eight additional display elements are developed having selected brightness levels. By decoding this code bit information, the in-raster symbology provides a smooth transition from one display line to the next so as to eliminate the staircase effect in rotated or non-orthogonal lines. For each memory cell in a first field, such as the odd field, every other display resolution element is generated principally from the code in the memory cell and the alternate resolution element is generated principally from the same code. For the other field, such as the even field, the two elements on the display are generated principally from same information code in the memory cell. Further, each resolution element defined by a memory cell can have its intensity increased by codes stored in surrounding memory cells. The three bit memory codes define the location of the imaginary display elements and the video distribution patterns, which patterns simulate a gaussian brightness distribution to temper the edge sharpness of the digitally derived symbology. Thus by storing a single code for each selected memory cell, the system by proper decoding of the codes stored in that memory cell and the surrounding memory cells, develops both positional and intensity display information for the display elements while increasing the effective resolution of the in-raster symbol generator refresh memory by a factor of four. Another feature in accordance with the invention is the use of a common decoding structure by altering the stored codes with a bit rotator so as to be compatible with the common decoding structure, with the altered code representing the correct condition to be decoded.
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