Abstract:
A method is described for preparing a refined or reinforced eutectic or hyper-eutectic metal alloy, comprising: melting the eutectic or hyper-eutectic metal alloy, adding particles of non-metallic refractory material to the molten metal matrix, mixing together the molten metal alloy and the particles of refractory material, and casting the resulting mixture under conditions causing precipitation of at least one intermetallic phase from the molten metal matrix during solidification thereof such that the intermetallics formed during solidification wet and engulf said refractory particles. The added particles may be very small and serve only to refine the precipitating intermetallics in the alloy or they may be larger and serve as reinforcing particles in a composite with the alloy. The products obtained are also novel.
Abstract:
A method for preparing a composite material comprises the steps of providing a first mixture of a molten aluminum-base matrix alloy having at least about 4 percent by weight magnesium, and a mass of discontinuous reinforcing particles that are not soluble in the molten matrix alloy, and mixing the first mixture to wet the matrix alloy to the particles and to distribute the particles throughout the volume of the molten matrix alloy. The first matrix alloy is diluted to reduce the magnesium content of the mixture to less than about 4 percent by weight magnesium, to produce a second mixture, and the second mixture is cast. The second mixture has at least about 5 volume percent particles, and preferably has about 5-25 volume percent particles.
Abstract:
A metal matrix composite material containing discontinuous particles in a metallic matrix is prepared by forming a mixture of the molten alloy and the particles in a closed reactor, removing oxygen from the interior of the reactor, statically pressurizing the interior of the reactor with nitrogen gas, mixing the mixture of the molten alloy and particles in the presence of the static nitrogen gas to wet the molten matrix to the particles, and evacuating the interior of the reactor in a stepwise manner. The nitrogen gas aids in wetting the metallic alloy to the particles by forming aluminum nitride at the particle-molten matrix interface, so that a lower contact angle of the alloy to the particle results. Oxygen that may be present in the sealed reactor is gettered by the aluminum, and the nitrogen is removed by stepwise evacuation, thereby minimizing the introduction of gas into, and retention of gas within, the melt.
Abstract:
Engine block cylinder liners are formed from high melting temperature aluminum alloy composites. A cast composite is first formed from a high melting temperature aluminum alloy, e.g. Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ni, Al-Fe or Al-Cr-Zr, and refractory particles, e.g. alumina. This composite is then extruded into a tubular sleeve. If desired, a long tube may be extruded which is then cut into desired lengths. These new cylinder liners have the following desirable properties: high melting temperature, good strength at the service temperature, higher thermal conductivity than cast iron, good wear resistance and good corrosion resistance.
Abstract:
A new family of medium and high strength, thermally stable aluminum based alloys are described having the following composition: 0.4 to 1.2% by weight chromium, 0.3 to 0.8% by weight zirconium, 1.5 to 2.5% by weight manganese, 0 to 2.0% by weight magnesium and the balance essentially aluminum. These alloys can be produced on a twin-roll caster preferably at a thickness of no more than 4 mm and a casting temperature of at least 820.degree. C.
Abstract:
A composite material having less than about 25 volume percent refractory particles in a metal matrix is concentrated to have about 37-45 volume percent refractory particles. The concentrating is accomplished by heating the composite material to melt the matrix, and then contacting the molten composite material to a porous element having an average pore size greater than that of the average particle size. A small pressure differential, on the order of about one atmosphere, is applied across the porous element, so that metal matrix material separates from the composite material and flows through the porous element. The particulate volume fraction in the composite material gradually increases. When the particulate volume fraction exceeds about 37 volume percent, the mass of composite material becomes semi-solid and freestanding. The resulting composite material may be further processed, as by forming to a useful shape or diluting with another matrix material.
Abstract:
A composite material mixture of free flowing reinforcement particles in a molten metal is solidified at a cooling rate greater than about 15.degree. C. per second between the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the matrix alloy. This high cooling rate imparts a homogeneous structure to the solid composite material. Care is taken to avoid the introduction of gas bubbles into the molten composite material while the mixture is stirred to prevent segregation of the particles. For viscous melts, an artificial surface layer such as a fiberglass blanket may be used to prevent entrapment of bubbles during pre-casting stirring. Additionally, gas bubbles are removed from the molten mixture by filtering and skimming.
Abstract:
An alloy of aluminum containing magnesium, silicon and optionally copper in amounts in percent by weight falling within one of the following ranges:(1) 0.4.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.0.8, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5, 0.3.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.3.5;(2) 0.8.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.1.4, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5, Cu.ltoreq.2.5; and(3) 0.4.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.1.0, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.1.4, Cu.ltoreq.2.0; said alloyhaving been formed into a sheet having properties suitable for automotive applications. The alloy may also contain at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe in an amount of 0.4 percent by weight or less, Mn in an amount of 0.4 percent by weight or less, Zn in an amount of 0.3 percent by weight or less and a small amount of at least one other element, such as Cr, Ti, Zr and V. The alloy may be fabricated into sheet material suitable for automotive panels by, in a belt casting machine, producing alloy sheet by casting the alloy while extracting heat from the alloy at a rate that avoids both shell distortion of the sheet and excessive surface segregation, at least until said alloy freezes; solution heat treating the sheet to re-dissolve precipitated particles; and cooling the sheet at a rate that produces a T4 temper and a potential T8X temper suitable for automotive panels. By such means, panels suitable for automotive use can be produced efficiently and economically.
Abstract:
A high speed twin roll casting process is described in which molten metal is fed through a feeding nose into a convergent cavity formed between the walls of two rotating rolls with a meniscus of hot metal extending from the feeding nose tip in a casting zone and the metal strip formed in the casting zone is reduced in a rolling zone. According to the novel feature, the tendency of the metal strip to stick to the rolls is significantly inhibited by shrouding the hot metal meniscus with an oxygen enriched atmosphere. Also when the metal is an Al--Mg alloy, the sticking is greatly inhibited by adding to the alloy a small amount of at least one alloying element selected from nickel, lead, indium and bismuth.
Abstract:
A composite material mixture of free flowing reinforcement particles in a molten metal is solidified at a cooling rate greater than about 15.degree. C. per second between the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the matrix alloy. This high cooling rate imparts a homogeneous structure to the solid composite material. Care is taken to avoid the introduction of gas bubbles into the molten composite material while the mixture is stirred to prevent segregation of the particles. For viscous melts, an artificial surface layer such as a fiberglass blanket may be used to prevent entrapment of bubbles during pre-casting stirring. Additionally, gas bubbles are removed from the molten mixture by filtering and skimming.