Abstract:
A VIBRATION TRANSDUCER FOR SENSING VIBRATION OF A ROTATING SHAFT INCLUDES A SPECIAL DIFFERENTIA TRANSFORMER AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY CONNECTED ACROSS THE TRANSFORMER SECONDARY WINDINGS FOR DEVELOPING A VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL TO A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VIBRATION SUCH AS DISPLACEMENT AMPLITUDE, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION. THE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMER INCLUDES AN ANNULAR ORE OF HIGH PERMEABILITY MATERIAL RIGIDLY FASTENED ON THE SHAFT SUBJECT TO VIBRATION, AND THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WINDINGS ARE ARRANGED IN AN ANNULAR COIL FROM MOUNTED ON A FIXED SUPPORT. THE ANNULAR COIL FROM IS POSITIONED AROUND THE CORE FORMING A SMALL AIR GAP THEREBETWEEN, AND THE CORE IS DISPLACED RELATIVE TO THE COIL FORM IN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION OF THE SHAFT AN ALTERNATING-CURRENT (A.C.) EXCITATION VOLTAGE OF CONSTANT FREQUENCY IS APPLIED ACROSS THE PRIMARY WINDING TO INDUCE ALTERNATING VOLTAGES OF THE SAME FREQUENCY IN THE SECONDARY WINDINGS. THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FILTERS OUT THE EXCITATION FREQUENCY COMPONENT VOLTAGE AND PROCESSES THE REMAINING VIBRATION FREQUENCY COMPONENT VOLTAGE SIGNAL.
Abstract:
Opto-electronic apparatus for hot spot temperature measurement by indirect viewing of a heated surface of a cutting tool through a small diameter hole therein which terminates close to the hot spot surface. A first end of a light guide within the hole views the radiant energy emitted from the heated end surface of the hole during a cutting operation and the remote second end directs the radiant energy to a ratio pyrometer comprising a rotating disc, two infrared filters and a first photocell. The photocell output is a series of electrical pulses of first and second amplitude representing the intensity of the radiant energy in the two spectral bands determined by the filters. Opto-electronic circuitry separates the pulses into two separate pulse trains comprising the first and second amplitude pulses, detects, and compares the peak amplitude of the pulses to obtain a ratio of pulse amplitudes. The hot spot temperature is determined from a known correlation of temperature versus pulse amplitude ratio.
Abstract:
AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEANSURING DISTANCE TO BODIES HAVING REFLECTIVE SURFACES AND WITHOUT MECHANICAL CONTACT THEREWITH UTILIZES AN INTENSE LIGHT SOURCE, ROTATABLE MIRROR, PHOTO-DETECTOR AND READ-OUT MEANS. THE PHOTO-DETECTOR, MIRROR AND REFLECTIVE SURFACE BODY ARE ORIENTED TO FORM A RIGHT TRIANGLE HAVING A FIRST SIDE OF THE RIGHT ANGLE BEING OF KNOWN LENGTH Y CORRESPONDING TO THE KNOWN DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE ROTATABLE MIRROR TO THE OPTICAL AXIS OF THE PHOTO-DETECTOR. THE SECOND SIDE OF THE RIGHT ANGLE IS THE UNKNOWN LENGTH X CORRESPONDING TO THE UNKNOWN DISTANCE ALONG THE PHOTO-DETECTOR OPTICAL AXIS FROM THE INSTRUMENT TO THE REFLECTIVE SURFACE BODY. THE READ-OUT MEANS MEASURES THE ANGLE A BETWEEN THE HYPOTENUSE OF THE RIGHT TRIANGLE AND SIDE Y TO THEREBY DETERMINE THE UNKNOWM DISTANCE X FROM THE GEOMETRIC RELATIONSHIP X=Y TAN A.