公开(公告)号：US5696448A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-09

申请号：US494507

申请日：1995-06-26

申请人： George R. Coates ,  Duncan Mardon ,  Daniel L. Miller

发明人： George R. Coates ,  Duncan Mardon ,  Daniel L. Miller

IPC分类号： G01V3/32

CPC分类号： G01V3/32

摘要： A simple, pore-level model for diffusion and NMR relaxation of oil-water mixtures in water wet pores has been developed. In addition to lending physical insight into the relaxation time behavior of mixed pore fluids, the model can be used to generate a practical tool for interpreting diffusion log data, i.e., a T2 vs. D cross plot. Locating points on the cross plot simultaneously yields the near wellbore water saturation and the rock pore size. For light oils, T2 is shown to be mainly a pore size indicator whereas D is controlled mainly by Sw. The pore size "resolution" decreases as oil viscosity and/or Sw decreases. A preliminary verification of the model has been made with limited core data and the results of applying the model to interpreting NMR log data are encouraging. The capability to separate the effects of pore size from fluid saturation on NMR response of pore fluids indicates an important potential advantage of the T2 and D measurement combination over standard T2 logging for characterizing formation pore size and related reservoir flow properties.

摘要翻译： 已经开发了一种简单的孔隙水平模型，用于水湿混合物在水湿孔中的扩散和NMR弛豫。 除了对混合孔隙流体的松弛时间行为进行物理洞察外，该模型还可用于产生用于解释扩散对数数据的实用工具，即T2与D交叉图。 十字图上的定位点同时产生近井眼水饱和度和岩石孔径。 对于轻油，T2显示主要是孔径指标，而D主要由Sw控制。 随着油粘度和/或Sw降低，孔径“分辨率”降低。 模型的初步验证是用有限的核心数据进行的，应用模型解释NMR日志数据的结果令人鼓舞。 分离孔径与流体饱和度对孔隙流体NMR响应的影响的能力表明T2和D测量组合对于表征地层孔径和相关储层流动性质的标准T2测井的重要潜在优势。

公开(公告)号：US06242912B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-05

申请号：US08822567

申请日：1997-03-19

申请人： Manfred G. Prammer ,  Duncan Mardon ,  George R. Coates ,  Melvin N. Miller

发明人： Manfred G. Prammer ,  Duncan Mardon ,  George R. Coates ,  Melvin N. Miller

IPC分类号： G01V300

CPC分类号： G01N24/081 ,  G01V3/32 ,  Y02A90/344

摘要： A well logging system and method are disclosed for detecting the presence and estimating the quantity of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons in the near wellbore zone. The system uses a gradient-based, multiple-frequency NMR logging tool to extract signal components characteristic for each type of hydrocarbons. To this end, a new data acquisition method is proposed in which measurements at different frequencies are interleaved to obtain, in a single logging pass, multiple data streams corresponding to different recovery times and/or diffusivity for the same spot in the formation. The resultant data streams are processed to determine mineralogy-independent water and hydrocarbon saturations and porosity estimates. Gas and oil saturations are used to obtain accurate estimates of the water content, permeability and other parameters of interest.

摘要翻译： 公开了测井系统和方法，用于检测在近井筒区域中的气态和液态碳氢化合物的存在和估计量。 该系统使用基于梯度的多频NMR测井工具来提取每种烃类特征的信号分量。 为此，提出了一种新的数据采集方法，其中在不同频率的测量被交织以在单次测井通过中获得对应于地层中同一点的不同恢复时间和/或扩散系数的多个数据流。 所得数据流被处理以确定与矿物学无关的水和碳氢饱和度和孔隙率估计。 气和油饱和度用于准确估计水分含量，渗透率和其他所关注的参数。

公开(公告)号：US4338567A

公开(公告)日：1982-07-06

申请号：US8448

申请日：1979-02-01

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： G01V3/30

CPC分类号： G01V3/30

摘要： The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for determining the bound-water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole. Bound-water-filled porosity is the fraction of the formation unit volume (matrix plus fluid) which is occupied by bound water, bound water being the portion of the total water which is adsorbed or bound to, or impermeably held by, the matrix. In one embodiment, means are provided for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of microwave electromagnetic energy passed through the formations of interest. This first quantity may be, for example, the attenuation constant determined for the microwave electromagnetic energy passing through the formations. Means are provided for generating a second quantity which is substantially proportional to the square of the first quantity. The second quantity is indicative of the bound-water-filled porosity of the formations. In another embodiment of the invention, means are provided for deriving a third quantity which is representative of the total porosity of the formations. In this embodiment, a further means is provided for generating a fourth quantity as a function of the difference between the third quantity and the second quantity, the fourth quantity being indicative of the free fluid index of the formations.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及一种用于确定围绕钻孔的地层的结合水填充孔隙度的装置和方法。 结合水填充的孔隙率是由结合水占据的形成单位体积（基质加流体）的分数，结合水是被基质吸附或结合或不可渗透地保持的总水的一部分。 在一个实施例中，提供了用于导出作为通过感兴趣的地层的微波电磁能的衰减的量度的第一量的装置。 该第一量可以是例如为通过地层的微波电磁能确定的衰减常数。 提供了用于产生基本上与第一数量的平方成比例的第二数量的装置。 第二个数量表示地层的结合水填充的孔隙度。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中，提供了用于导出表示地层总孔隙率的第三量的装置。 在该实施例中，提供另外的装置，用于产生作为第三数量和第二数量之间的差的函数的第四数量，第四数量指示地层的自由流体指数。

公开(公告)号：US4233839A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-18

申请号：US3186

申请日：1979-01-15

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/38 ,  G01V5/10

CPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/38 ,  G01V5/101

摘要： The determination of a "composite" parameter of the formation water in formations surrounding a borehole, for example the composite conductivity of the formation water, is used in the disclosure to obtain a relatively accurate determination of formation characteristics, such as water saturation. The determined values are meaningful even in shaly regions of the formations. In contrast to past approaches which attempted to determine the volume and distribution type of shale or clay present in the formations and then introduce appropriate factors which often involve substantial guesswork, the disclosed technique determines a composite water parameter, for example a composite water conductivity, which represents the conductivity of the bulk water in the formations, including both free water and bound water. Bound water trapped in shales is accounted for in this determination so unlike prior techniques, the shales can be considered as having a porosity. Having determined the composite water conductivity, water saturation can be directly obtained using relatively straightforward relationships which do not require estimates of the volume of shale in the formations. Shale effects are accounted for by the different conductivities (or other parameter such as capture cross sections) of the formation water constituents (free and bound) which make up the total water.

摘要翻译： 在本公开内容中，使用围绕钻孔的地层中的地层水的“复合”参数的确定，例如地层水的复合导电性，以获得诸如水饱和度的地层特征的相对精确的确定。 即使在地层的泥质区域，确定的值也是有意义的。 与尝试确定存在于地层中的页岩或粘土的体积和分布类型然后引入通常涉及大量猜测的适当因素的以往方法相反，所公开的技术确定复合水参数，例如复合水导电性，其中 表示地层中主体水的电导率，包括游离水和结合水。 在这种测定中被困在页岩中的结合水与现有技术不同，页岩可被认为具有孔隙度。 确定复合导水率后，可以使用相对直接的关系直接获得水饱和度，这些关系不需要对地层中页岩体积的估计。 页岩效应由构成总水的地层水成分（自由和结合）的不同电导率（或其他参数，如捕获截面）来解释。

公开(公告)号：US4092583A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-30

申请号：US773996

申请日：1977-03-03

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/12 ,  G01V3/18

CPC分类号： G01V3/30

摘要： The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for determining the water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole. Means are provided for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over a predetermined distance in the formations, this first quantity being designated as t.sub.p1. Means are also provided for deriving a second quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of the microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in the formations, the second quantity being the attenuation constant, .alpha., in the preferred embodiment. Further means, responsive to the second quantity, are provided for generating a third quantity, designated t.sub.pwl, which is representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in water having a lossiness determined from the second quantity. Finally, means responsive to the first and third quantities are provided for generating a porosity-indicative quantity, designated .phi..sub.w, as a function of the first and third quantities. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, means are provided for deriving a fourth quantity, designated t.sub.pm, representative of the travel time of microwave electromagnetic energy propagating over the predetermined distance in the formation matrix. In this embodiment, the means for generating a porosity-indicative quantity is also responsive to the fourth quantity for generating the porosity-indicative quantity as a function of the first, third, and fourth quantities.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及一种用于确定井眼周围的地层的充水孔隙的装置和方法。 提供了用于导出作为在地层中在预定距离上传播的微波电磁能量的行进时间的量度的第一量的装置，该第一数量被指定为tp1。 还提供了用于导出第二量的装置，其是在地层中传播超过预定距离的微波电磁能的衰减的量度，第二数量是衰减常数α，在优选实施例中。 提供响应于第二数量的装置，用于产生第三数量，指定为tpwl，其表示在具有从第二数量确定的有效性的水中在预定距离内传播的微波电磁能的行进时间。 最后，响应于第一和第三数量的装置被提供用于根据第一和第三数量产生指定数量的孔隙率指示量。 在本发明的优选实施例中，提供了用于导出表示在地层矩阵中在预定距离上传播的微波电磁能量的行进时间的第四数量的指定的tpm的装置。 在本实施例中，用于产生孔隙率指示量的装置也响应于第四数量，用于产生作为第一，第三和第四数量的函数的孔隙率指示量。

公开(公告)号：US5412320A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-02

申请号：US898990

申请日：1992-06-15

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/32 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01N24/081 ,  G01V3/32

摘要： An improved system for using magnetic resonance techniques to obtain information relating to geologic structures. The system of the present invention uses values of bulk-volume irreducible water and porosity obtained via the magnetic resonance techniques to obtain additional information relating to geologic structures, including water saturation.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的使用磁共振技术获得有关地质结构信息的系统。 本发明的系统使用通过磁共振技术获得的体积不可约的水和孔隙度的值来获得与含水饱和度的地质结构有关的附加信息。

公开(公告)号：US4156177A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-22

申请号：US788393

申请日：1977-04-18

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/12 ,  G01V3/18

CPC分类号： G01V3/30

摘要： The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for determining the bound-water-filled porosity of formations surrounding a borehole. Bound-water-filled porosity is the fraction of the formation unit volume (matrix plus fluid) which is occupied by bound water, bound water being the portion of the total water which is adsorbed or bound to, or impermeably held by, the matrix. In one embodiment, means are provided for deriving a first quantity which is a measure of the attenuation of microwave electromagnetic energy passed through the formations of interest. This first quantity may be, for example, the attenuation constant determined for the microwave electromagnetic energy passing through the formations. Means are provided for generating a second quantity which is substantially proportional to the square of the first quantity. The second quantity is indicative of the bound-water-filled porosity of the formations. In another embodiment of the invention, means are provided for deriving a third quantity which is representative of the total porosity of the formations. In this embodiment, a further means is provided for generating a fourth quantity as a function of the difference between the third quantity and the second quantity, the fourth quantity being indicative of the free fluid index of the formations.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及一种用于确定围绕钻孔的地层的结合水填充孔隙度的装置和方法。 结合水填充的孔隙率是由结合水占据的形成单位体积（基质加流体）的分数，结合水是被基质吸附或结合或不可渗透地保持的总水的一部分。 在一个实施例中，提供了用于导出作为通过感兴趣的地层的微波电磁能的衰减的量度的第一量的装置。 该第一量可以是例如为通过地层的微波电磁能确定的衰减常数。 提供了用于产生基本上与第一数量的平方成比例的第二数量的装置。 第二个数量表示地层的结合水填充的孔隙度。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中，提供了用于导出表示地层总孔隙率的第三量的装置。 在该实施例中，提供另外的装置，用于产生作为第三数量和第二数量之间的差的函数的第四数量，第四数量指示地层的自由流体指数。

公开(公告)号：US5309098A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-03

申请号：US800599

申请日：1991-11-27

申请人： George R. Coates ,  Melvin N. Miller ,  John C. Bouton

发明人： George R. Coates ,  Melvin N. Miller ,  John C. Bouton

IPC分类号： G01V3/00 ,  G01R33/20 ,  G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/32

CPC分类号： G01N24/081 ,  G01V3/32

摘要： An improved system for using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to obtain information relating to geologic structures. The system of the present invention employs a variable sampling window which increases sampling efficiency by allowing the system to optimize the sampling interval, thereby maximizing the amount of data which can be obtained in a series of data samples.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的使用核磁共振技术获得有关地质结构信息的系统。 本发明的系统采用可变采样窗口，其通过允许系统优化采样间隔来提高采样效率，从而最大化在一系列数据样本中可以获得的数据量。

公开(公告)号：US06646437B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-11

申请号：US09827835

申请日：2001-04-06

申请人： Dattatraya V. Chitale ,  George R. Coates ,  Peter Ian Day ,  Richard F. Sigal

发明人： Dattatraya V. Chitale ,  George R. Coates ,  Peter Ian Day ,  Richard F. Sigal

IPC分类号： G01V300

CPC分类号： G01N24/081 ,  G01V3/32

摘要： System and method for characterizing formation properties based on NMR measurements. NMR clay measurements of this invention distinguish between interstitial pore water and the water adsorbed by the clay minerals. The measurements can be used to determine the quantity of adsorbed water in different clays and correct previously available data obtained using conventional density and neutron porosity logs. A new petrophysical parameter wetness clay is defined as an intrinsic parameter for clays, and its value is computed for members of the smectite group of clays, such as montmorillonite. The wet clay values for the density, neutron logs based on the adsorbed water in clays are used to enhance the quality and accuracy of the overall log interpretation.

摘要翻译： 基于NMR测量表征形成特性的系统和方法。 本发明的NMR粘土测量区分了间隙孔隙水和粘土矿物吸附的水分。 测量可用于确定不同粘土中吸附水的量，并校正以前使用常规密度和中子孔隙度测井得到的数据。 新的岩石物理参数湿粘土被定义为粘土的固有参数，其值是对蒙脱石蒙皂石组成员计算的。 密度的湿粘土值，基于粘土中吸附水的中子测井用于提高整体对数解释的质量和准确性。

公开(公告)号：US5557200A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-17

申请号：US261542

申请日：1994-06-17

申请人： George R. Coates

发明人： George R. Coates

IPC分类号： G01V3/14 ,  G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/32 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01N24/081 ,  G01V3/32

摘要： An improved system for using magnetic resonance techniques to obtain information relating to geologic structures is disclosed. The system of the present invention uses values of the total porosity of a formation and the porosity obtained via NMR pulse echo techniques to derive additional information relating to the underlying geologic structures, including resistivity and water saturation. Independent estimate is provided to account for the presence of clay mineral content.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用磁共振技术获得有关地质结构信息的改进系统。 本发明的系统使用地层的总孔隙率和通过NMR脉冲回波技术获得的孔隙率的值来导出与下面的地质结构有关的附加信息，包括电阻率和水饱和度。 提供独立估计，以说明粘土矿物含量的存在。