Abstract:
A voltage-regulating buffer, designed for use with a two-wire current signal transmitter, for limiting the line voltage which may be applied to the transmitter without adversely affecting the current signal from the transmitter. The buffer includes a series voltage-regulating element which is, in turn, controlled by a shunt control circuit. The shunt control circuit includes a series connected constant current unit and constant voltage unit.
Abstract:
THERE IS DISCLOSED A VOLTAGE (MILLIVOLTS)-TO-CURRENT TRANSDUCER WHICH TRANSMITS A CURRENT SIGNAL TO A REMOTE CENTRAL STATION, WHICH INCLUDES A POWER SUPPLY FOR A UTILIZATION DEVICE AT THE REMOTE LOCATION, OVER A TWO-WIRE TRANSMISSION LINE. THE TRANSMISSION LINE CARRIES BOTH THE SIGNAL CURRENT FROM THE TRANSMITTER TO THE REMOTE STATION AND THE TOTAL POWER SUPPLY FOR THE TRANSMITTER.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a voltage (millivolts)-to-current transducer which transmits a current signal to a remote central station, which includes a power supply for a utilization device at the remote location, over a two-wire transmission line. The transmission line carries both the signal current from the transmitter to the remote station and the total power supply for the transmitter. A highly stable constant current source uses a field effect transistor as an element thereof. A variable resistor and temperature compensating diode are connected in series with the drain-source path of the field effect transistor and the gate of the field effect transistor is connected to the junction of a load and the diode. Further, a plural-stage amplifier has the DC power supply of the first amplifier stage of the plural stages isolated from the constant DC power supply of the following stages. The isolation is accomplished by means of a transistor having a constant voltage applied to the base thereof and having the constant DC power supply of the following stages applied to the collector thereof. The emitter is connected to the first amplifier stage to thereby supply the DC power supply thereto.
Abstract:
The collector and emitter of a first transistor, which is normally biased on by a collector-base resistor, are connected, respectively, to positive circuit input and output terminals. The transistor base is connected to joined negative circuit input and output terminals through the collector-emitter path of a second transistor having its base connected through a zener diode to the positive input terminal. This diode breaks down and turns on the second transistor, which turns off the first transistor, whenever the value of the voltage between the input terminals exceeds a value determined by the zener rating of the diode. A pair of diodes connected across the series combination of an emitter resistor and the base-emitter junction of the first transistor limits the output current to a predetermined maximum value. A diode connected between the collector and emitter of the second transistor clamps the output voltage substantially to zero in the event that the polarity of the voltage between the input terminals becomes reversed.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a signal isolator for DC signals which includes a closed-loop, magnetic induction null-balanced output circuit. The DC input signals are chopped and applied as input signals to a first or input winding on a transformer. A sensing winding of the transformer detects the net flux in the transformer core. The signal thereby produced is amplified and converted to a DC output signal. A portion of the output signal is chopped and applied as feedback signal to a third or feedback winding on the transformer. The feedback signal is synchronous with the signal applied to the input winding and is applied to the feedback winding in such a way that the flux produced thereby opposes the flux produced by the signal in the input winding. The sensing winding detects any net flux resultant from the opposed input and feedback signals.
Abstract:
A DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER IS DISCLOSED WHEREIN A CONSTANTCURRENT SOURCE IS PROVIDED WHICH IS REFERRED ONLY TO THE POWER-SUPPLY LEADS. FROM THE CONSTANT-CURRENT SOURCE, BIAS SIGNALS ARE DERIVED WHICH, IN TURN, PROVIDE AD CONTROL CONSTANT-CURRENT SUPPLY MEANS FOR EACH OF THE TWO LEGS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER, INDIVIDUALLY. THIS ARRANGEMENT PROVIDES A HIGHLY STABLE, HIGHLY ACCURATE AMPLIFICATION OF INPUT SIGNALS AND MINIMIZES ERRORS DUE TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHANGES.