公开(公告)号：US3667831A

公开(公告)日：1972-06-06

申请号：US3667831D

申请日：1969-12-23

Applicant: KEITH S PENNINGTON ,  GLENMORE L SHELTON JR ,  PETER M WILL ,  IBM

Inventor： PENNINGTON KEITH S ,  SHELTON GLENMORE L JR ,  WILL PETER M

IPC: G02B27/44 ,  G02B27/38

CPC classification number: G02B27/4222

Abstract: DEPTH OF RANGE INFORMATION IS EXTRACTED BY PROJECTING THE IMAGE OF A ZONE PLATE UPON A SCREEN AND PHOTOGRAPHING THE SCENE AT A DIFFERENT ANGLE FROM THE ZONE PLATE SOURCE. A TRANSPARENCY OF THE PHOTOGRAPH INCLUDING ZONE PLATE MODULATION OF THE SCENE FORMED ON PLANES IN THE SCENE IS THEN FILTERED BY A SCANNING SLIT AT THE ZONE PLATE FOCAL PLANE AND PRESENTED UPON AN OUTPUT SCREEN FROM END TO END, AS A FUNCTION OF ORIGINAL RANGE, FROM THE ZONE PLATE. THE REFLECTION OF THE IMAGE UPON THE SCREEN IN VIEWED IN A VARIFOCAL MIRROR DRIVEN IN SYNCHRONISM WITH SCANNING BY THE FILTER. THE SCREEN AND THE VARIFOCAL MIRROR MAY BE CONNECTED BY A LOW-BANDWIDTH, VIDEO CHANNEL AND A CHANNEL FOR CONTROL SIGNALS FOR THE MIRROR.

公开(公告)号：US3633995A

公开(公告)日：1972-01-11

申请号：US3633995D

申请日：1970-02-17

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LEAN ERIC G ,  PENNINGTON KEITH S ,  POLE ROBERT V ,  POWELL CARL G

IPC: G02F1/33 ,  H01S3/101 ,  G02F1/28 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/101 ,  G02F1/332

Abstract: A system for deflecting a light beam such as a laser beam including a crystal substrate, preferably piezoelectric, having a reflective coating on its surface which functions as a mirror. At least one surface acoustic wave transducer is mounted on the crystal and is actuated by a high-frequency signal source. The transducer propagates surface acoustic waves on the crystal, which produce a periodic deformation on the mirror surface which functions as a phase grating. A light beam directed onto the mirror surface will therefore be deflected at an angle dependent on the acoustic frequency of the surface waves. A plurality of transducers arranged approximately in a semicircle on the crystal and selectively actuated provides a two-dimensional scanning system.

Abstract translation: 一种用于偏转光束的系统，该激光束包括晶体衬底，优选为压电体，其表面上具有反射涂层，其用作反射镜。 至少一个表面声波传感器安装在晶体上并由高频信号源致动。 传感器传播晶体上的表面声波，其在镜面上产生周期性变形，其用作相位光栅。 因此，指向镜面的光束将以取决于表面波的声频的角度偏转。 在晶体上大致半圆形布置并选择性地致动的多个换能器提供二维扫描系统。

公开(公告)号：US3614462A

公开(公告)日：1971-10-19

申请号：US3614462D

申请日：1969-01-02

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LEAN ERIC G ,  MYERS ROBERT A ,  PENNINGTON KEITH S

IPC: G02F1/39 ,  H01S3/108 ,  H03C5/00 ,  H01S3/10

CPC classification number: H01S3/1083 ,  G02F1/39

Abstract: A system for parametric amplification and detection of signals using an acoustic diffraction device in combination with two or more laser cavities. Two types of operation are provided in the disclosure. In the first type of operation, two laser cavities are arranged so that the axes of the cavities intersect at a selected angle. An acoustic Bragg cell is located in the cavities at the intersection point. The two end mirrors of the first cavity are fully reflective. One mirror of the second cavity is fully reflective and the other mirror is partially reflective and partially transmissive. The first laser cavity is operated above threshold condition and the second cavity is operated below threshold condition. When a signal having a particular frequency f is applied to the Bragg cell, part of the laser light of the first cavity is diffracted into the second cavity and raises the gain of the cavity above the threshold condition. The second cavity then oscillates and the output of the second cavity is detected through the partially transmissive mirror. In the second type of operation, the structure is the same, however, if desired, both cavities may operate above threshold. When a signal at frequency f is applied to the Bragg cell, light is diffracted from the first cavity into the second cavity and the two cavities become coupled and oscillate only at frequencies which can be supported by the two cavities operating independently. The laser light from the output mirror therefore changes frequency indicating the detection of a signal at frequency f.

公开(公告)号：US3560070A

公开(公告)日：1971-02-02

申请号：US3560070D

申请日：1968-03-13

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： PENNINGTON KEITH S ,  POLE ROBERT V

IPC: G03H1/16 ,  G03H1/26 ,  G02B27/00

CPC classification number: G03H1/26 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR FORMING SECONDARY HOLOGRAMS FROM EITHER A MULTIPLEXED (I.E. SAMPLED) HOLOGRAM OR FROM AN INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH WHEREIN THE SCREEN EFFECT NORMALLY PRODUCED BY EITHER THE MULTIPLEXED HOLOGRAM OR THE INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH IS ELIMINATED. AN INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH IS A PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING OF AN OBJECT THROUGH A PLANE ARRAY OF FLY''S EYES LENSES FROM WHICH THREEDIMENSIONS REAL AND VIRTUAL IMAGES CAN BE LATER OBSERVED. A MULTIPLEXED OR SAMPLED HOLOGRAM IS A HOLOGRAM WHICH IS FORMED BY INTERLACING A PLURALITY OF HOLOGRAMS IN A SINGLE EMULSION USING A MASK PLACED IN THE REFERENCE AND/ OR THE INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH IS ELIMINATED. AN INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH OR HOLOGRAM OF AN INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH, A SCREEN OR GRID EFFECT IS PRODUCED DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE FLY''S EYE LENS ARRAY IS DISCONTINUOUS AND THE AREAS BETWEEN THE LENSES IN THE ARRAY DO NOT RECORD ANY INFORMATION. IN OBSERVING THE IMAGE FROM A MULTIPLEXED HOLOGRAM, A SIMILAR SCREEN OR GRID EFFECT DUE TO THE FACT THAT A MASK WAS EMPLOYED IN PRODUCING A MULTIPLEXED HOLOGRAM. IN THE METHOD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION, A SECONDARY HOLOGRAM IS RECORDED IN THE FOURIER TRANSFORM PLANE OF THE IMAGE AND THE SECONDARY HOLOGRAM PLATE IS TRANSLATED IN THE FOURIER PKANE A NUMBER OF TIMES AND A SEPARATE RECORDING OF THE IMAGE IS SUPERIMPOSED FOR EACH TRANSLATION. SINCE THE SECONDARY HOLOGRAM PLATE IS IN THE FOURIER PLANE OF THE IMAGE, THE IMAGE DOES NOT SHIFT DUE TO THE TRANSLATION OF THE PLATE. HOWEVER, SINCE THE SECONDARY HOLOGRAM PLATE IS NOT IN THE FOURIER PLANE OF THE INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPH OR THE MULTIPLEXED HOLOGRAM AS THE CAUSE MAY BE, THE GRID WILL BE RECORDED AT DIFFERENT LOCATION ON THE SECONDARY HOLOGRAM FOR EACH TRANSLATION, THAT IS, THE GRID WILL SHIFT DUE TO THE TRANSLATION OF THE HOLOGRAM. THE SHIFTING OF THE GRID FOR THE SUCCESSIVE RECORDINGS WILL CAUSE IT TO SMEAR OUT AND WILL NOT BE VIEWABLE IN THE RESULTANT SECONDARY HOLOGRAM.

公开(公告)号：US3907429A

公开(公告)日：1975-09-23

申请号：US49569674

申请日：1974-08-08

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： KUHN LAWRENCE ,  MYERS ROBERT A ,  PENNINGTON KEITH S ,  SHAH BANKIM R

IPC: G01P3/40 ,  B41J2/125 ,  G01P3/68 ,  G01P3/36 ,  G01D15/18 ,  G01D21/04 ,  G01F1/00

CPC classification number: B41J2/125 ,  G01P3/68

Abstract: Droplets from a liquid stream are directed between a pair of apertures and a light source, which is strobed at a selected frequency and directed toward the apertures. In one embodiment, the apertures are spaced less than a wavelength of the droplets apart and the light source is strobed at a frequency other than the frequency of the droplets. The time between when a first of the apertures is blocked by a droplet in the stream as indicated by the light being broken during a strobe and the time when a second of the apertures is blocked by another droplet when the light source is strobed is counted. This period of time will give the velocity of the droplets, and correction of the velocity is made, if the velocity of the droplets is not at the desired velocity, by changing the pressure, for example, of the manifold supplying the liquid stream until the desired velocity is obtained. In another embodiment, the apertures are spaced from each other a wavelength or an integral of the wavelength of the droplets, and the light source is strobed at the same frequency as the frequency at which the droplets are generated. The strobing frequency has its phase changed relative to the frequency of drop generation and the pressure of the stream changed until both of the apertures are blocked simultaneously. Any deviation from this indicates that the velocity of the droplets has changed and correction must be made.

Abstract translation: 来自液体流的液滴被引导在一对孔和光源之间，该光源以选定的频率被选通并指向孔。 在一个实施例中，孔径间隔小于液滴的波长，并且光源以不同于液滴的频率的频率被选通。 在第一个孔之间的时间之间被流中的液滴阻挡，如在选通期间被断开的光所示，并且当光源被选通时，第二个孔被另一个液滴阻挡的时间被计数。 这个时间段将给出液滴的速度，如果液滴的速度不是所需的速度，则通过改变供应液体流的歧管的压力直到 获得所需的速度。 在另一个实施例中，孔彼此间隔开波长或液滴的波长的整体，并且以与产生液滴的频率相同的频率选通光源。 选通频率相对于液滴产生的频率具有相位变化，并且流的压力改变，直到两个孔同时被阻挡。 与此有任何偏差，表示液滴的速度发生变化，必须进行校正。