公开(公告)号：US20050184713A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US11018920

申请日：2004-12-22

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Jia Wei

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Jia Wei

IPC分类号： G05F1/40 ,  H02M3/156

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M2001/0019 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/007 ,  Y02B70/16

摘要： A two-stage power converter that dynamically adjusts to output current requirements includes a first stage regulator that provides power to a second stage regulator. The first stage can be a buck converter, and the second stage can be a multiple-phase buck converter. The output voltage of the first stage (intermediate bus voltage Vbus) is varied according to the load current to optimize conversion efficiency. To provide maximum efficiency, the Vbus voltage is increased as load current increases. The Vbus voltage provided by the first stage can be varied by duty cycle or operating frequency control. In another embodiment, the switching frequency of the second stage is varied as output current changes so that output current ripple is held constant. In an embodiment employing a multiple-phase buck converter in the second stage, the number of operating phases are varied as output current changes.

摘要翻译： 动态调节输出电流要求的两级功率转换器包括为第二级调节器提供电源的第一级稳压器。 第一级可以是降压转换器，第二级可以是多相降压转换器。 第一级（中间总线电压Vbus）的输出电压根据负载电流而变化，以优化转换效率。 为了提供最大的效率，Vbus电压随着负载电流的增加而增加。 第一级提供的Vbus电压可以通过占空比或工作频率控制来改变。 在另一个实施例中，当输出电流改变时，第二级的开关频率变化，使得输出电流纹波保持恒定。 在采用第二级中的多相降压转换器的实施例中，随着输出电流的变化，工作阶段的数量变化。

公开(公告)号：US20050184712A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US10781931

申请日：2004-02-20

申请人： Jia Wei ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee

发明人： Jia Wei ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee

IPC分类号： G05F1/40 ,  H02M3/156

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M2001/0019 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/007 ,  Y02B70/16

摘要： Alteration of voltage input to a voltage regulator output stage from a Vbus regulator stage in a two-stage voltage regulator provides optimal Vbus voltage placement for a wide range of current loads to increase voltage regulator efficiency and is particularly suited to CPUs having power-saving sleep modes of operation. An optimal voltage is selected or developed in response to information concerning operational mode or current consumption of the powered device. As a perfecting feature of one embodiment of the invention in which a discrete Vbus voltage is selected based on operational mode, the selected voltage is adjusted to further optimize the matching of the Vbus voltage placement to the load and provides a continuous range of voltages. In a second embodiment the entire Vbus positioning function is performed in response to current load information. A feed-forward arrangement is provided to avoid transient spikes as the Vbus voltage placement is altered.

摘要翻译： 在两级电压调节器中，从V＆lt;＆gt;总线调节器级改变电压调节器输出级的电压输入，为宽范围的电流负载提供最佳的V SUB总线电压放置 以提高电压调节器的效率，特别适用于具有省电睡眠操作模式的CPU。 响应于关于被动设备的操作模式或电流消耗的信息来选择或开发最佳电压。 作为其中基于操作模式选择离散V母线电压的本发明的一个实施例的完美特征，调整所选择的电压以进一步优化V＆lt;＆lt; SUB>电压放置到负载并提供连续的电压范围。 在第二实施例中，响应于当前负载信息执行整个总线定位功能。 提供了前馈装置，以避免当V母线电压放置被改变时的瞬态尖峰。

公开(公告)号：US20060226819A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11094438

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee

IPC分类号： G05F1/00

CPC分类号： H02M3/1582 ,  H02M3/338

摘要： A voltage converter uses a component such as a JFET or four-terminal power MOSFET having no body diode and exhibiting no body diode conduction characteristic as a synchronous rectifier to reduce switching losses and body diode conduction losses and to support high frequency switching so that use of smaller components and higher current densities can be achieved. These effects are enhanced by a self-driven circuit utilizing positive feedback to enhance switching speed and reduce switching losses which increase with switching frequency.

摘要翻译： 电压转换器使用诸如JFET或不具有体二极管导通特性的JFET或四端子功率MOSFET的组件作为同步整流器来减少开关损耗和体二极管导通损耗并支持高频开关，从而使用 可以实现更小的组件和更高的电流密度。 这些效应通过利用正反馈的自驱动电路增强，以提高开关速度并减少开关频率增加的开关损耗。

公开(公告)号：US20060226822A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11094433

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： G05F1/00

CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 ,  H02M2001/0009 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A voltage converter provides a desired voltage droop with load while avoiding output current sensing and active control/feedback circuits and avoiding excessive power dissipation from passive components by placing a sensing resistor in the low current, switched input circuit of the voltage converter. Therefore, the resistor conducts only when a switch controlling voltage conversion is conductive, generally at very low duty cycle and low current.

公开(公告)号：US20070090915A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：US11257404

申请日：2005-10-25

申请人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

发明人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

IPC分类号： H01F27/24

CPC分类号： H01F37/00 ,  H01F29/02 ,  H02M3/1584

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. A magnetic core with a unique woven topology provides inverse coupling between the inductors. The inductors can comprise straight conductors since the magnetic core has the woven topology wrapped around each inductor. The inductors have a reduced electrical resistance since they are straight and do not loop around the magnetic core. The reduced electrical resistance increases energy efficiency and improves transient response of the circuit. The magnetic core can comprise top and bottom portions that are magnetically connected. The inductors can comprise straight circuit board traces and the circuit board can have holes to accommodate the magnetic core.

摘要翻译： 多相降压转换器或升压转换器或降压 - 升压转换器在每相中都有一个电感。 具有独特编织拓扑的磁芯提供了电感器之间的反耦合。 电感器可以包括直导体，因为磁芯具有缠绕在每个电感器周围的编织拓扑。 电感器具有降低的电阻，因为它们是直的并且不环绕磁芯。 降低的电阻提高了能量效率并改善了电路的瞬态响应。 磁芯可以包括磁性连接的顶部和底部。 电感器可以包括直线电路板迹线，并且电路板可以具有孔以容纳磁芯。

公开(公告)号：US20060109696A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-25

申请号：US11094434

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Julu Sun ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee

发明人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Julu Sun ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred Lee

IPC分类号： H02M7/757

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  H02M3/3376 ,  H02M2001/0058 ,  Y02B70/1433 ,  Y02B70/1475 ,  Y02B70/1491

摘要： Power converters having reduced body diode conduction loss, reduced reverse recovery loss and lower switching noise, among other benefits, have a resonant capacitor Cr connected across an unfiltered output. The resonant capacitor Cr resonates with the leakage inductance Lk of the transformer. The resonant capacitor and leakage inductance are selected such that ½ a LC resonance period is equal to an ON time of each secondary switch S1 S2. The resonance provides zero current switching for secondary switches S1 S2, eliminates zero body diode conduction during dead times, and eliminates reverse recovery losses in the secondary switches. The present invention is applicable to many different circuit topologies such as full bridge, active clamp forward, push-pull forward, and center-tap secondary. The present converters provide high energy conversion efficiency and high frequency operation.

摘要翻译： 具有降低的体二极管导通损耗，降低的反向恢复损耗和较低开关噪声以及其他优点的功率转换器具有连接在未滤波输出端的谐振电容器Cr。 谐振电容器Cr与变压器的漏电感Lk共振。 选择谐振电容器和漏电感，使得LC谐振周期的1/2相当于每个次级开关S 1 S 2的导通时间。谐振为次级开关S 1 S 2提供零电流开关，消除零体二极管导通 并且消除了次级开关中的反向恢复损耗。 本发明可应用于许多不同的电路拓扑，例如全桥，有源钳前进，推挽前进和中心抽头次级。 本转换器提供高能量转换效率和高频操作。

公开(公告)号：US20070247126A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-25

申请号：US11380064

申请日：2006-04-25

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Andrew Schmit

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Andrew Schmit

IPC分类号： G05F1/00

CPC分类号： H02M3/158 ,  H02M2001/0045

摘要： An active linear regulator circuit in parallel with a filter capacitor of a switching voltage regulator injects current to a load only when the switching regulator and capacitor cannot supply adequate current to follow high frequency load transients in a manner which is compatible with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) requirements. control of current injection and determination of the insufficiency of current from the switching regulator and capacitors is achieved by impedance matching of the linear regulator to the switching regulator. The linear regulator thus operates at relatively low current and duty cycle to limit power dissipation therein. By matching impedances and increasing the bandwidth of the switching regulator, filter capacitor requirements can be reduced to the point of being met entirely by packaging and/or on-die capacitors which may be placed close to or at the point of load to reduce parasitic inductance, as can the linear regulator.

摘要翻译： 只有当开关稳压器和电容器不能以与自适应电压定位（AVP）兼容的方式提供足够的电流来跟随高频负载瞬变时，与开关电压调节器的滤波电容器并联的有源线性稳压器电路将电流注入到负载 ） 要求。 通过线性稳压器与开关调节器的阻抗匹配来实现电流注入的控制和确定开关调节器和电容器的电流不足。 因此，线性调节器在相对低的电流和占空比下操作以限制其中的功率耗散。 通过匹配阻抗并增加开关稳压器的带宽，可以将滤波电容器的要求降低到完全通过封装和/或片上电容器来满足要求，这些电容器可以放置在接近或负载点以减小寄生电感 ，线性调节器也可以。

公开(公告)号：US20070176726A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

申请号：US11343204

申请日：2006-01-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong ,  Fred Lee

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong ,  Fred Lee

IPC分类号： H01F27/28

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F27/255 ,  H01F37/00

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. The inductors are inversely coupled. In a first embodiment, the converter includes a toroidal magnetic core with inductors extending under and over opposite sides of the toroidal magnetic core. The coupled inductors are thereby inversely coupled and have a relatively low ohmic resistance. In a second embodiment, the converter comprises a ladder-shaped magnetic core (i.e. having parallel sides, and connecting rungs). In this case, the inductors extend under the sides, and over the rungs. Each inductor is disposed over a separate rung. The ladder-shaped magnetic core is preferably disposed flat on a circuit board. Inverse coupling and low ohmic resistance are also provided in the second embodiment having the ladder structure.

摘要翻译： 多相降压转换器或升压转换器或降压 - 升压转换器在每相中都有一个电感。 电感器反耦合。 在第一实施例中，转换器包括环形磁芯，其具有在环形磁芯的相对侧下方延伸的电感器。 因此，耦合的电感器反向耦合并且具有相对低的欧姆电阻。 在第二实施例中，转换器包括梯形磁芯（即具有平行的侧面和连接的梯级）。 在这种情况下，电感器在侧面和梯级之上延伸。 每个电感器设置在单独的梯级上。 梯形磁芯优选地布置在电路板上。 在具有梯形结构的第二实施例中也提供反耦合和低欧姆电阻。

公开(公告)号：US20060109695A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-25

申请号：US10992227

申请日：2004-11-19

申请人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu

发明人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu

IPC分类号： H02M7/757

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  H02M3/33569 ,  Y02B70/1433 ,  Y02B70/1475

摘要： Power converters having reduced body diode conduction loss, reduced reverse recovery loss and lower switching noise, among other benefits, have a resonant capacitor Cr connected across an unfiltered output. The resonant capacitor Cr resonates with the leakage inductance Lk of the transformer. The resonant capacitor and leakage inductance are selected such that ½ a LC resonance period is equal to an ON time of each secondary switch S1 S2. The resonance provides zero current switching for secondary switches S1 S2, eliminates zero body diode conduction during dead times, and eliminates reverse recovery losses in the secondary switches. The present invention is applicable to many different circuit topologies such as full bridge, active clamp forward, push-pull forward, and center-tap secondary. The present converters provide high energy conversion efficiency and high frequency operation.

摘要翻译： 具有降低的体二极管导通损耗，降低的反向恢复损耗和较低开关噪声以及其他优点的功率转换器具有连接在未滤波输出端的谐振电容器Cr。 谐振电容器Cr与变压器的漏电感Lk共振。 谐振电容器和漏电感被选择为使得LC共振周期的1/2相当于每个次级开关S 1 S 2的导通时间。 谐振为次级开关S 1 S 2提供零电流开关，在死区时间消除零体二极管导通，并消除次级开关中的反向恢复损耗。 本发明可应用于许多不同的电路拓扑，例如全桥，有源钳前进，推挽前进和中心抽头次级。 本转换器提供高能量转换效率和高频操作。

公开(公告)号：US08750796B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-10

申请号：US11750294

申请日：2007-05-17

申请人： Michael J. Claus ,  Timothy Hunter ,  Dung Mar ,  Fred Lee

发明人： Michael J. Claus ,  Timothy Hunter ,  Dung Mar ,  Fred Lee

IPC分类号： H04B7/00 ,  H04W12/06 ,  H04W12/02

CPC分类号： H04W12/02 ,  H04W12/04 ,  H04W12/06 ,  H04W84/18

摘要： A method and system of establishing communications between at least two independent software modules in a safety critical system, such as a medical system, is provided. The design comprises providing an exclusive Bluetooth connection between at least two wireless devices. A master wireless device is configured with Bluetooth master device functionality and a slave wireless device is configured with Bluetooth slave device functionality. The wireless devices are employed in performing procedures in a safety critical environment. The method further comprises acquiring a stored unique address from the slave wireless device over the Bluetooth connection, comparing the stored unique address to a master wireless device unique address available at the master wireless device, and exclusively pairing the master wireless device and the slave wireless device when the unique address acquired from the slave wireless device is found to identically match the master wireless device unique address.

摘要翻译： 提供了在诸如医疗系统之类的安全关键系统中的至少两个独立软件模块之间建立通信的方法和系统。 该设计包括在至少两个无线设备之间提供专用的蓝牙连接。 主无线设备配置有蓝牙主设备功能，而从无线设备配置有蓝牙从设备功能。 无线设备用于在安全关键环境中执行程序。 该方法还包括通过蓝牙连接从从属无线设备获取存储的唯一地址，将存储的唯一地址与主无线设备上可用的主无线设备唯一地址进行比较，以及将主无线设备和从无线设备 当从从属无线设备获取的唯一地址被发现与主无线设备唯一地址相同时。