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1.发明授权Solid matrix priming of seeds with microorganisms and selected chemical treatment 失效用微生物种子进行固体基质灌注，选择化学处理
公开(公告)号：US5628144A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US369308
申请日：1995-01-06
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： In the process of the invention, the seed to be treated, a predetermined amount of solid matrix material and a predetermined amount of water are admixed and the mixture allowed to stand, preferably in a container which allows entry of air but which reduces evaporative losses, for example, a closed container with a small top opening, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to allow the seeds to imbibe water from the matrix and come to a water content equilibrium sufficient to enhance resultant plant vigor, i.e., enhance emergence, growth or yield characteristics, but short of that which would cause the seed to sprout. The seeds and matrix may be inoculated with beneficial microorganisms during priming. Moreover, inoculate seeds and matrix may be used to inoculate soil.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的方法中，将待处理的种子，预定量的固体基质材料和预定量的水混合并使混合物放置，优选在容许进入空气但减少蒸发损失的容器中， 例如，具有小顶部开口的封闭容器，时间和温度足以允许种子从基质中吸收水分并达到足以增加所得植物活力的含水平衡，即增强出苗率，生长 或产量特征，但不足以导致种子发芽的特征。 种子和基质可以在灌注期间用有益微生物接种。 此外，接种种子和基质可用于接种土壤。
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公开(公告)号：US4512794A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-23
申请号：US507721
申请日：1983-06-23
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without pre-heating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.
摘要翻译： 为了制备非压力氮肥溶液，通过在不预热气体的情况下，通过燃烧与电弧启动的氧化钴催化剂接触的氨来制备氮氧化物。 这种燃烧形成氮氧化物，其在负压下在两级系统中反应。 通过将氧化成二氧化氮并使二氧化氮与水反应，从一部分氧化物在第一阶段形成硝酸。 在第二阶段中，剩余的氮氧化物在气 - 液接触装置中的pH在8.0和8.4之间通过混合氨和水形成的氢氧化铵反应液反应。 在第二阶段中形成的亚硝酸铵溶液在pH低于0.2的情况下与硝酸混合，导致酸性硝酸铵溶液以灌溉水流入田间。
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公开(公告)号：US5192355A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-09
申请号：US7115
申请日：1987-01-27
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make and use nitrogeneous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or local site in a farming area or being prepared on the site in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen oxides are mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the system with ammonium or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the preferred embodiment which burns commercially supplied ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are: (1) contacted with an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh which fixes nitrogen oxide or nickel sites in a column 10 feet high and 1 foot in diameter; (2) while fixed, contacted with oxygen from air flowing in the column concurrently with the nitrogen oxides; and (3) oxidized, while fixed, to nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved and reacted in water flowing countercurrently through the mesh to form nitrate.
摘要翻译： 为了在农场上制造和使用硝化肥料，氮氧化物以连续的方式从空气中或在反应器中的氨制备，氨将被运送到农场或农场的当地现场或在现场准备 从水和空气连续的过程。 将氮氧化物与连续流动的水混合以形成硝酸溶液，其可以通过灌溉系统作为上敷料施用于田间，或者在体系内与铵或其它阳离子混合以形成硝酸铵或其它所需的 用于在连续过程中应用于现场或浓缩而不需要储存大量气体或在制造过程中产生热交换问题的氮溶液。 在燃烧商业供应的氨的优选实施方案中，氮氧化物是：（1）与8％的镍不锈钢网接触，其将氮氧化物或镍位置固定在10英尺高和1英尺直径的柱中; （2）固定时，与氮气中同时流动的空气中的氧气接触; 和（3）固定时氧化成二氧化氮。 二氧化氮溶解并在水中逆流通过网流动，形成硝酸盐。
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公开(公告)号：US4515615A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US507718
申请日：1983-06-23
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.
摘要翻译： 为了制造非压力氮肥溶液，通过在不预热气体的情况下通过与电弧启动的氧化钴催化剂接触来进行氨的连续制备。 这种燃烧形成氮氧化物，其在负压下在两级系统中反应。 通过将氧化成二氧化氮并使二氧化氮与水反应，从一部分氧化物在第一阶段形成硝酸。 在第二阶段中，剩余的氮氧化物在气 - 液接触装置中的pH在8.0和8.4之间通过混合氨和水形成的氢氧化铵反应液反应。 在第二阶段中形成的亚硝酸铵溶液在pH低于0.2的情况下与硝酸混合，导致酸性硝酸铵溶液以灌溉水流入田间。
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公开(公告)号：US4427434A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-24
申请号：US379551
申请日：1982-05-18
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
IPC分类号： A01G25/00 , C01B21/26 , C01B21/40 , C01B21/50 , C01C1/18 , C05C1/00 , C05C1/02 , C05C11/00 , C05C3/00
摘要： To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.
摘要翻译： 为了制造非压力氮肥溶液，通过在不预热气体的情况下通过与电弧启动的氧化钴催化剂接触来进行氨的连续制备。 这种燃烧形成氮氧化物，其在负压下在两级系统中反应。 通过将氧化成二氧化氮并使二氧化氮与水反应，从一部分氧化物在第一阶段形成硝酸。 在第二阶段中，剩余的氮氧化物在气 - 液接触装置中的pH在8.0和8.4之间通过混合氨和水形成的氢氧化铵反应液反应。 在第二阶段中形成的亚硝酸铵溶液在pH低于0.2的情况下与硝酸混合，导致酸性硝酸铵溶液以灌溉水流入田间。
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公开(公告)号：US4818494A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-04
申请号：US122481
申请日：1987-11-10
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make and use nitrogeneous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or local site in a farming area or being prepared on the site in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen oxides are mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the system with ammonium or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the preferred embodiment which burns commercially supplied ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are: (1) contacted with an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh which fixes nitrogen oxide on nickel sites in a column 10 feet high and 1 foot in diameter; (2) while fixed, contacted with oxygen from air flowing in the column concurrently with the nitrogen oxides; and (3) oxidized, while fixed, to nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved and reacted in water flowing countercurrently through the mesh to form nitrate.
摘要翻译： 为了在农场上制造和使用硝化肥料，氮氧化物以连续的方式从空气中或在反应器中的氨制备，氨将被运送到农场或农场的当地现场或在现场准备 从水和空气连续的过程。 将氮氧化物与连续流动的水混合以形成硝酸溶液，其可以通过灌溉系统作为上敷料施用于田间，或者在体系内与铵或其它阳离子混合以形成硝酸铵或其它所需的 用于在连续过程中应用于现场或浓缩而不需要储存大量气体或在制造过程中产生热交换问题的氮溶液。 在燃烧商业供应的氨的优选实施方案中，氮氧化物为：（1）与8％镍不锈钢网接触，其将氮氧化物固定在10英尺高和1英尺直径的柱中的镍位点上; （2）固定时，与氮气中同时流动的空气中的氧气接触; 和（3）固定时氧化成二氧化氮。 二氧化氮溶解并在水中逆流通过网流动，形成硝酸盐。
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公开(公告)号：US4602928A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-29
申请号：US680288
申请日：1984-12-10
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidzing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.
摘要翻译： 为了制造非压力氮肥溶液，通过在不预热气体的情况下通过与电弧启动的氧化钴催化剂接触来进行氨的连续制备。 这种燃烧形成氮氧化物，其在负压下在两级系统中反应。 通过将一部分氧化物氧化成二氧化氮并使二氧化氮与水反应，在第一阶段形成硝酸。 在第二阶段中，剩余的氮氧化物在气 - 液接触装置中的pH在8.0和8.4之间通过混合氨和水形成的氢氧化铵反应液反应。 在第二阶段中形成的亚硝酸铵溶液在pH低于0.2的情况下与硝酸混合，导致酸性硝酸铵溶液以灌溉水流入田间。
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公开(公告)号：US4511389A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-16
申请号：US507166
申请日：1983-06-23
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
摘要： To make and use nitrogenous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen dioxide is prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or being prepared on the farm in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen dioxide is mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a dilute solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the irrigation system with ammonia or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the embodiment which burns ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are fixed on an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh in a column 10 feet high and one foot in diameter and oxidized while fixed to nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water flowing through the mesh.
摘要翻译： 为了在农场上制造和使用含氮肥料，二氧化氮是从空气或氨在反应器中连续进行的过程制备的，其中氨被运输到农场或在水和空气的连续过程中在农场上制备 。 将二氧化氮与连续的水流混合以形成稀硝酸溶液，其可以通过灌溉系统作为上敷料施用于现场，或者在灌溉系统内与氨或其它阳离子混合以形成硝酸铵或 用于在连续方法中应用于现场或浓缩而不需要储存大量气体或在制造过程中产生热交换问题的其它所需的氮溶液。 在燃烧氨的实施方案中，将氮氧化物固定在8英寸高的10英尺高和1英尺直径的柱中的8％镍不锈钢网上，并固化至二氧化氮。 二氧化氮溶解在流过网状物的水中。
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公开(公告)号：US4435201A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-06
申请号：US379466
申请日：1982-05-18
申请人： John A. Eastin
发明人： John A. Eastin
IPC分类号： A01G25/00 , C01B21/26 , C01B21/40 , C01B21/50 , C01C1/18 , C05C1/00 , C05C1/02 , C05C11/00 , C05C3/00
摘要： To make and use nitrogenous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen dioxide is prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or being prepared on the farm in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen dioxide is mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a dilute solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the irrigation system with ammonia or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process. In the embodiment which burns ammonia, the nitrogen oxides are fixed on an 8 percent nickel stainless steel mesh in a column 10 feet high and one foot in diameter and oxidized while fixed to nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water flowing through the mesh.
摘要翻译： 为了在农场上制造和使用含氮肥料，二氧化氮在空气或氨反应器的连续过程中制备，氨或被运输到农场或在水和空气的连续过程中在农场上制备 。 将二氧化氮与连续的水流混合以形成稀硝酸溶液，其可以通过灌溉系统作为上敷料施用于现场，或者在灌溉系统内与氨或其它阳离子混合以形成硝酸铵或 用于在连续方法中应用于现场或浓缩而不需要储存大量气体或在制造过程中产生热交换问题的其它所需的氮溶液。 在燃烧氨的实施方案中，将氮氧化物固定在8英寸高的10英尺高和1英尺直径的柱中的8％镍不锈钢网上，并固化至二氧化氮。 二氧化氮溶解在流过网状物的水中。
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