摘要:
A method and system provides collaborative caching of transformed Web objects in a proxy network. The proxies collaboratively provide a set of object transformations by partitioning the different types of object transformations, and caching the transformed Web objects among proxies in order to reduce duplicate object transformation and caching effort. The transformations may include language translations, currency conversions, units of measure conversions, shipping cost calculations and sales taxes calculations. Other transformations are also possible.
摘要:
A method and system provides collaborative caching of transformed Web objects in a proxy network. The proxies collaboratively provide a set of object transformations by partitioning the different types of object transformations, and caching the transformed Web objects among proxies in order to reduce duplicate object transformation and caching effort. The transformations may include language translations, currency conversions, units of measure conversions, shipping cost calculations and sales taxes calculations. Other transformations are also possible.
摘要:
A multimedia stream is multicasted. A request to perform the multicast is received. A plurality of distribution nodes are assigned to provide the multicast to a plurality of receivers. The assignment of a node is based on the transformation capabilities of that node. The multicast is then performed and the assigned node performs its transformation. The transformed multicast is distributed to a receiver which is suitable for receiving the transformed multicast.
摘要:
A method and system for manipulating or modifying identifiable objects in a standard broadcast or Internet-based multimedia stream according to a control specification and a content specification. Viewers and/or organizations can independently specify acceptable levels of content on multiple dimensions to satisfy the content specification while minimizing the filtering or blocking to the viewers. A “fuzz ball” control specification is provided for masking some portion of a video frame. Several fuzz ball specifications can be overlaid to address multidimensional content specifications or rating systems. The manipulation of the multimedia stream can take place at the client (set-top box or computer), intermediate node, the content server or a combination thereof. Proxy servers can modify content specifications for outgoing requests, enabling organizations to specify intranet-wide policies. Multicasting can be supported by using a single stream delivered to multiple clients, each modifying the video using a different specification. The specification to facilitate modification can be done at different granularity levels: the video, a group of frames, or individual frame level and can also be time-based. Various protocols can be used to provide the content and/or control specification, including the VBI of a standard broadcast, PICS, RTSP and MPEG protocols.
摘要:
Method, system and computer program product for collaboratively processing a data object in a client-server hierarchy based on meta-information associated with the object. Processing results are indicated by the server that performed the processing as updates to the meta-information associated with the data object. The PICS protocol may be used to communicate the meta-information. Digital signing and authentication of the object and associated meta-information are also described. Further, servers can determine processing by considering various factors, e.g., their current load condition; if the object is to be multicast; if the object can be cached; and/or if the specified cost and time constraints can be met. The overall processing applied to data objects can be divided between servers based on object types, steps, functions, software packages or versions/releases. Other aspects of the invention are also described.
摘要:
A push-based filtering of objects in a client-server hierarchy based on usage information. A method of annotating a push object with meta information on its content and/or urgency is also described. Objects can be staged at the server(s) to provide fast access when the filtered object is later requested. The PICS protocol may be used to communicate various types of information: e.g., by the content provider or a higher level proxy to annotate the object, including an urgency, a summary or title, a group classification, and/or an identity of the push; to convey usage or preference information on pushed objects up the hierarchy, including usage information and user preferences based on object group classifications; and to convey a staging status of each staged object down the hierarchy to improve caching efficiency. An object may include a content hierarchy such as a title, a summary and the full content. The filtering process can factor in not only which next (lower) level nodes will receive the push, but also the content level each node will receive. The push filtering decision can be based on aggregate usage information at the lower level proxy or client nodes. A staging decision can be based on the filtering decision, the successful completion of the push to the selected lower level proxies/clients, object usage information and/or a staging decision on other nodes in the hierarchy. An efficient means to purge a staged object is also described.
摘要:
Techniques for monitoring abnormalities in a data stream are provided. A plurality of objects are received from the data stream and one or more clusters are created from these objects. At least a portion of the one or more clusters have statistical data of the respective cluster. It is determined from the statistical data whether one or more abnormalities exist in the data stream.
摘要:
Techniques are disclosed for indexing uncertain data in query processing systems. For example, a method for processing queries in an application that involves an uncertain data set includes the following steps. A representation of records of the uncertain data set is created based on mean values and uncertainty values. The representation is utilized for processing a query received on the uncertain data set.
摘要:
Improved privacy preservation techniques are disclosed for use in accordance with data mining. By way of example, a technique for preserving privacy of data records for use in a data mining application comprises the following steps/operations. Different privacy levels are assigned to the data records. Condensed groups are constructed from the data records based on the privacy levels, wherein summary statistics are maintained for each condensed group. Pseudo-data is generated from the summary statistics, wherein the pseudo-data is available for use in the data mining application. Principles of the invention are capable of handling both static and dynamic data sets
摘要:
Techniques are disclosed for aggregation in uncertain data in data processing systems. For example, a method of aggregation in an application that involves an uncertain data set includes the following steps. The uncertain data set along with uncertainty information is obtained. One or more clusters of data points are constructed from the data set. Aggregate statistics of the one or more clusters and uncertainty information are stored. The data set may be data from a data stream. It is realized that the use of even modest uncertainty information during an application such as a data mining process is sufficient to greatly improve the quality of the underlying results.