公开(公告)号：US5436600A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-25

申请号：US283050

申请日：1994-07-29

申请人： John Van Heteren ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Thomas McDermott ,  Keiji Furui

发明人： John Van Heteren ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Thomas McDermott ,  Keiji Furui

IPC分类号： G01R33/36 ,  G01R33/48 ,  H03B21/02 ,  H03B28/00 ,  G01R33/24 ,  H03C1/52 ,  H03C1/60

CPC分类号： H03B21/02 ,  G01R33/3607 ,  G01R33/446 ,  H03B28/00

摘要： A local frequency generator employing a single crystal oscillator, latches and direct digital synthesizer circuits digitally produces all signals needed in the transmitter channel of a MRI system to generate MRI transmitter RF pulses. The local frequency generator is operable in both the single side band and double side band modes and has the capability of switching between the modes. The generator is constructed with a phase resetting capability for providing the plural output frequencies needed for making plural MRI slices.

摘要翻译： 使用单晶振荡器的本地频率发生器，锁存器和直接数字合成器电路数字地产生MRI系统的发射器通道中所需的所有信号，以产生MRI发射器RF脉冲。 本地频率发生器可以在单边带和双边带模式下工作，并具有在各种模式之间切换的能力。 该发生器具有相位复位功能，用于提供制作多个MRI切片所需的多个输出频率。

公开(公告)号：US4318043A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-02

申请号：US120875

申请日：1980-02-12

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

IPC分类号： G01R33/54 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/54

摘要： Densities of resonant nuclei within elemental volumes along a line are measured using the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon called "spin echo". A first planar volume of nuclei is selectively excited to nutate spins by approximately 90.degree.. Thereafter a second planar volume of nuclei, transverse to the first planar volume, is selectively excited to nutate spins by approximately 180.degree.. The nuclei in the line volume common to both of the planar volumes thereafter generate characteristic spin echo signals. A magnetic gradient is established along this line volume during the spin echo read out so that the resultant spin echo signals can be processed to determine the respective densities of resonant nuclei along the line volume. Appropriate phasing of the excitations enables interference with the spin echo signals by the free induction decay to be eliminated. To enable rapid development, successive line volumes are read out which do not lie in previously excited planes.

摘要翻译： 使用称为“自旋回波”的核磁共振现象来测量沿着线的元素体积内的谐振核的密度。 选择性地激发第一平面体积的核，使其旋转约90度。 此后，横向于第一平面体积的第二平面体积的核被选择性地激发，使自旋旋转约180度。 两个平面体积共同的线体积中的原子核之后产生特征自旋回波信号。 在自旋回波读出期间，沿该线体积建立磁梯度，使得可以处理所得到的自旋回波信号以确定沿线体积的共振核的相应密度。 兴奋的适当定相可以通过自由感应衰减来消除自旋回波信号的干扰。 为了实现快速发展，读出了不在以前激发的平面内的连续线体积。

公开(公告)号：US4297637A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-27

申请号：US926571

申请日：1978-07-20

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

IPC分类号： A61B10/00 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/50 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/50

摘要： Densities of resonant nuclei within elemental volumes along a line are measured using the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon called "spin echo." A first planar volume of nuclei is selectively excited to nutate spins by approximately 90.degree.. Thereafter a second planar volume of nuclei, transverse to the first planar volume, is selectively excited to nutate spins by approximately 180.degree.. The nuclei in the line volume common to both of the planar volumes thereafter generate characteristic spin echo signals. A magnetic gradient is established along this line volume during the spin echo read out so that the resultant spin echo signals can be processed to determine the respective densities of resonant nuclei along the line volume. Special pulsing sequences for rapidly effecting measurement of successive multiple line volumes and suitable apparatus for effecting such sequences are also described.

摘要翻译： 使用称为“自旋回波”的核磁共振现象测量沿着线的元素体积内的谐振核的密度。 选择性地激发第一平面体积的核，使其旋转约90度。 此后，横向于第一平面体积的第二平面体积的核被选择性地激发，使自旋旋转约180度。 两个平面体积共同的线体积中的原子核之后产生特征自旋回波信号。 在自旋回波读出期间，沿该线体积建立磁梯度，使得可以处理所得到的自旋回波信号以确定沿线体积的共振核的相应密度。 还描述了用于快速实现连续多线体积的测量的特殊脉冲序列和用于实现这种序列的合适装置。

公开(公告)号：US4599565A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-08

申请号：US515117

申请日：1983-07-19

申请人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Jerome R. Singer

发明人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Jerome R. Singer

IPC分类号： A61B10/00 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/54 ,  G01R33/561 ,  G01R33/567 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/4835 ,  G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/561 ,  G01R33/4824

摘要： An imaging NMR scanner generates multi-dimensional NMR spin echo responses from selected sub-volumes of an object. 90.degree. and 180.degree. r.f. nutation pulses are used together with a variable amplitude gradient between these nutation pulses to phase encode a second dimension in the spin echo response which is already phase-encoded in a first dimension by use of a magnetic gradient during signal readout. Two-dimensional Fourier transforms or multiple angle projection reconstruction processes are then used to generate an array of pixel value data signals representing a visual image of the point-by-point spatial distribution of nutated nuclei within the object. Image artifacts potentially caused by relatively moving elements of the object are avoided by selecting the spin echo generating sub-volumes to avoid the moving elements. High resolution images of sub-volumes of interest can be obtained by selection of a sub-volume of interest in conjunction with these reconstruction techniques. Solutions for possible aliasing artifacts are also presented as are three-dimensional reconstruction techniques using NMR spin echo responses from such selected sub-volumes.

摘要翻译： 成像NMR扫描仪从对象的选定子体积产生多维NMR自旋回波响应。 90°和180°r.f。 章动脉冲与这些章动脉冲之间的可变幅度梯度一起使用，以通过在信号读出期间使用磁梯度在第一维度上对自旋回波响应中的第二维进行相位编码。 然后使用二维傅里叶变换或多角度投影重建处理来生成表示对象内的章动核的逐点空间分布的视觉图像的像素值数据信号的阵列。 通过选择自旋回波生成子体积以避免移动的元素来避免可能由对象的相对移动元素引起的图像伪像。 可以通过结合这些重建技术选择感兴趣的子体积来获得感兴趣的子体积的高分辨率图像。 还可以用三维重建技术来呈现可能的混叠伪影的解决方案，这些技术使用来自这些选定子体积的NMR自旋回波响应。

公开(公告)号：USRE33259E

公开(公告)日：1990-07-10

申请号：US191025

申请日：1988-05-06

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Jerome R. Singer

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Jerome R. Singer

IPC分类号： G01R33/50

CPC分类号： G01R33/50

摘要： An imaging NMR scanner obtains plural spin echo signals during each of successive measurement cycles permitting determination of the T2 parameter for each display pixel after but a single measurement sequence. The amplitude of the NMR spin echo responses is dependent on an "a" machine parameter (the elapsed time between initiation of a given measurement cycle and the occurrence of the NMR response) and upon a "b" machine parameter (the elapsed time between initiation of successive measurement cycles). These a and b machine time parameters are selectively controlled to enhance resultant image contrast between different types of tissue or other internal structures of an object under examination. Special phase control circuits ensure the repeatability of relative phasing between successive NMR responses from the same measured volume and/or of reference RF signals utilized to frequency translate and synchronously demodulate the NMR responses in the successive measurement cycles of a complete measurement sequence. Special sub-sequences of four measurement cycles are utilized to provide resultant combined spin echo measurements substantially independent of FID signal components.

公开(公告)号：US4471305A

公开(公告)日：1984-09-11

申请号：US331008

申请日：1981-12-15

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa

IPC分类号： G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/50 ,  G01R33/56 ,  G01R33/08

CPC分类号： G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/50 ,  G01R33/56 ,  Y10S505/844

摘要： An imaging NMR scanner obtains plural spin echo signals during each of successive measurement cycles permitting determination of the T2 parameter for each display pixel after but a single measurement sequence. The amplitude of the NMR spin echo responses is dependent on an "a" machine parameter (the elapsed time between initiation of a given measurement cycle and the occurrence of the NMR response) and upon a "b" machine parameter (the elapsed time between initiation of successive measurement cycles). These a and b machine time parameters are selectively controlled to enhance resultant image contrast between different types of tissue or other internal structures of an object under examination. Special phase control circuits ensure the repeatability of relative phasing between successive NMR responses from the same measured volume and/or of reference RF signals utilized to frequency translate and synchronously demodulate the NMR responses in the successive measurement cycles of a complete measurement sequence. Special sub-sequences of four measurement cycles are utilized to provide resultant combined spin echo measurements substantially independent of FID signal components.

摘要翻译： 成像NMR扫描仪在每个连续测量循环期间获得多个自旋回波信号，允许在单个测量序列之后确定每个显示像素的T2参数。 NMR自旋回波响应的幅度取决于“a”机器参数（给定测量周期的启动和NMR响应的发生之间的经过时间）和“b”机器参数（启动之间的经过时间） 的连续测量循环）。 选择性地控制这些a和b机器时间参数以增强被检查物体的不同类型的组织或其他内部结构之间的合成图像对比度。 特殊相位控制电路确保相同测量体积和/或参考RF信号的连续NMR响应之间的相对相位的重复性，用于在完整测量序列的连续测量循环中频率平移和同步解调NMR响应。 利用四个测量周期的特殊子序列来提供基本上独立于FID信号分量的合成自旋回波测量结果。

公开(公告)号：US5606258A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-25

申请号：US032647

申请日：1993-03-17

申请人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks

发明人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks

IPC分类号： G01R33/54 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/54 ,  G06F19/3406 ,  G01R33/543

摘要： A control interface for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system provides extended, improved linker syntax/techniques that maximize reuse of program segments, allow optimal compromise between detailed representation and efficient sequence program design and maintenance, and permit uniform application of the loop syntax to link commands for MRI sequencers with a wide range of hardware implementations. The control interface provides, among other features, generalized loops at the link level; loop symbols representing loop identity can be associated with scope and/or range (with some kind of limited grammar in the link command itself that supports identification of scope and/or range); parameter tables that can be associated with loop symbols (any given table can be associated with N loop symbols in order to provide multidimensional sequences); multiple levels of loop nesting; and directed limited syntax that provides limited grammar, and range and syntax checking and requires the user to explicitly enter information into the interface.

摘要翻译： 用于磁共振成像（MRI）系统的控制界面提供扩展的改进的链接器语法/技术，其最大程度地重用程序段，允许在详细表示和有效的顺序程序设计和维护之间的最佳折中，并允许循环语法的均匀应用 用于具有广泛硬件实现的MRI定序器的链接命令。 除了其他特征之外，控制接口还提供了链路级的通用循环; 表示循环标识的循环符号可以与范围和/或范围相关联（在链接命令本身中具有支持范围和/或范围的识别的某种有限的语法）; 可以与循环符号相关联的参数表（任何给定的表可以与N个循环符号相关联，以便提供多维序列）; 多级循环嵌套; 并提供有限的语法，提供有限的语法，范围和语法检查，并要求用户明确地将信息输入到界面中。

公开(公告)号：US5529068A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-25

申请号：US260789

申请日：1994-06-16

申请人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  James W. Jones

发明人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks ,  James W. Jones

IPC分类号： G01R33/36 ,  A61B5/055

CPC分类号： G01R33/3621

摘要： A multi-rate sample MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) digital receiver maintains synchronization of digitally processed signals. This multi-rate sample data system is used to demodulate and filter a digitized MRI RF signal. A phase/timing relationship is established between the signal received and processed by the digital receiver, and the physical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) process the body being imaged is undergoing. Once established, the phase/timing relationship is maintained for the duration of the particular NMR experiment being performed. Special logic in the digital system ensures that the data output is synchronized with an external synchronous signal controlling data acquisition within the MRI system. Optimum signal processing is performed to minimize the time between the end of the acquisition control signal and the last output from the digital signal processing system.

摘要翻译： 多速率采样MRI（磁共振成像）数字接收机保持数字处理信号的同步。 该多速率采样数据系统用于对数字化的MRI RF信号进行解调和滤波。 在由数字接收机接收和处理的信号之间建立相位/定时关系，并且正在成像的身体正在进行物理核磁共振（NMR）处理。 一旦建立，在执行特定NMR实验的持续时间内，维持相位/时间关系。 数字系统中的特殊逻辑确保数据输出与控制MRI系统内数据采集的外部同步信号同步。 执行最佳信号处理以最小化采集控制信号的结束与来自数字信号处理系统的最后输出之间的时间。

公开(公告)号：US4746863A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-24

申请号：US795914

申请日：1985-11-07

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  David A. Feinberg ,  John C. Hoenninger, III

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  David A. Feinberg ,  John C. Hoenninger, III

IPC分类号： A61B10/00 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/54 ,  G01R33/20

CPC分类号： G01R33/4835

摘要： In a multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging system which employs a train of plural RF NMR nutation pulses, the frequency spectrum and/or magnetic gradient employed for succesive pulses is controlled so as to effect more nearly equal full-width-half-magnitude (FWHM) or other spatial dimensions of actual nuclei nutation variation versus distance curves for all of the slice selective nutation pulses. The result is a reduction of any "gap" of non-imaged volume disposed between the succession of selected MRI slice volumes.

摘要翻译： 在采用多个RF NMR章动脉冲串的多片磁共振成像系统中，控制用于连续脉冲的频谱和/或磁梯度，以便实现更接近等于全宽半幅度（FWHM ）或实际核子章动变化与所有切片选择性章动脉冲的距离曲线的其他空间尺寸。 结果是减少了设置在所选择的MRI切片体积之间的非成像体积的任何“间隙”。

公开(公告)号：US4707661A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-17

申请号：US890364

申请日：1986-07-29

申请人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks

发明人： John C. Hoenninger, III ,  Lawrence E. Crooks

IPC分类号： G01R33/54 ,  G01R33/20

CPC分类号： G01R33/54

摘要： An assembler/linker process utilizes predetermined control program segments ("templates" defining a sub-sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) states) together with predetermined program-change tables of MRI parameter values. At least some of the program segments are referenced by predetermined symbolic addresses and include pointer-references to corresponding ones of the table entries. The assembler/linker process machine replicates a predetermined set of such slice/specific program segments in a predetermined order while also simultaneously indexing corresponding symbolic addresses and referenced table entries in a predetermined sequence so as to maintain proper correspondence between slice-specific main programs and subroutines for each replicated program segment. In addition, certain of the replicated program segments may be defined having predetermined symbolic addresses which are not indexed thus further conserving the number of program instructions which need to be replicated and stored in the assembly/linkage process. A subset of slice-specific program segments can be further designated for replication as a unit before following program segments are utilized. A unique linker language level syntax is also provided for an ordered string of input digital data used to control the assembler/linker replication process.

摘要翻译： 汇编器/链接器过程利用预定的控制程序段（“模板”定义磁共振成像（MRI）状态的子序列）以及MRI参数值的预定程序改变表。 至少一些程序段由预定的符号地址引用，并且包括指向对应的表条目的指针引用。 汇编器/链接器处理机器以预定顺序复制预定的这样的片/特定程序段的集合，同时以预定顺序同时索引相应的符号地址和引用的表条目，以便保持切片专用主程序和子程序之间的适当对应 对于每个复制的程序段。 此外，可以将某些复制的程序段定义为具有未被索引的预定符号地址，从而进一步节省了需要复制并存储在组装/连接过程中的程序指令的数量。 特定于切片的程序段的子集可以被进一步指定用于作为单元进行复制，然后使用跟随的程序段。 还为用于控制汇编器/链接器复制过程的输入数字数据的有序字符串提供了唯一的链接器语言级语法。