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公开(公告)号：US5908452A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US27358
申请日：1998-02-20
申请人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
发明人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , A61F2/0077 , A61F2310/00161 , A61F2310/00173 , A61F2310/00574 , Y10S623/90
摘要： A prosthetic heart valve is shown which incorporates a valve body design and leaflet pivot arrangements that minimize turbulence and shear stresses having a tendency to generate thrombosis. A valve body having an axially curved entrance that is smoothly joined to a generally cylindrical body of extended axial length provides excellent fluid flow characteristics when combined with leaflets that can assume orientations perfectly aligned with the downstream flow of blood. By constructing such a pyrocarbon valve body which receives a metal ring at an appropriate location, suture rings that permit the tissue annulus to directly contact the exterior surface of the cylindrical valve body are accommodated.
摘要翻译： 示出了一种假体心脏瓣膜，其包括阀体设计和小叶枢轴布置，其使具有产生血栓形成倾向的湍流和剪切应力最小化。 具有平滑地连接到延伸轴向长度的大致圆柱形主体的轴向弯曲入口的阀体当与能够呈现与下游血液流完全对准的方向的叶片组合时提供优异的流体流动特性。 通过构造这样一个在合适的位置接收金属环的热解碳体阀体，容纳了允许组织环直接接触圆柱形阀体的外表面的缝合环。
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公开(公告)号：US5545216A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US441791
申请日：1995-05-16
申请人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
发明人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , A61F2/0077 , A61F2310/00161 , A61F2310/00173 , A61F2310/00574
摘要： A bileaflet heart valve is shown which incorporates a pivot arrangement that minimizes resistance to downstream blood flow in the open position yet has prompt response and therefore minimal regurgitation upon flow reversal. The valve employs a pair of identical flat leaflets that can assume a precisely parallel orientation in the fully open position at or near peak downstream blood flow or can alternatively assume other low energy positions. As the downstream flow of blood slows near the end of a pumping stroke, downstream displacement of the leaflets results in their prerotation toward the closed position orientation, all being controlled by the interengagement of flat ears, which extend laterally from opposite surfaces of the leaflets, and receiving cavities of unique design. The cavities include upstream and downstream lobes separated by an intermediate throat portion defined by inward and outward fulcrums. As soon as reverse flow begins, upstream displacement of the leaflets causes the ears to contact straight camming surfaces located upstream of the outward fulcrums which, in combination with the fulcrums and a downwardly directed, concave surface at the upstream end of the upstream lobe, positively guide each leaflet through efficient closing which ends in substantially rotational movement.
摘要翻译： 显示了一种双轨心脏瓣膜，其包括枢转装置，其使得在打开位置中对下游血流的抵抗力最小化，但是具有迅速的反应并且因此在流动反转时具有最小的反流。 该阀采用一对相同的平面小叶，其可在靠近血液下游血流处或其附近的完全打开位置呈现精确平行的取向，或者可以采取其它低能量位置。 随着下游血液流动在泵送冲程结束时减慢，小叶的下游位移导致其朝向关闭位置取向的预旋转，全部由通过相对于传单的相对表面横向延伸的平耳的相互接合来控制， 并接收独特设计的腔体。 空腔包括由内向和向外的支点限定的中间喉部分隔开的上游叶和下游叶。 一旦反向流动开始，小叶的上游位移将使耳朵接触位于外侧支点上游的直接凸轮表面，该支撑点与上游叶的上游端的支点和向下指向的凹面结合，呈正向 通过高效关闭来引导每个小叶，其基本上旋转运动结束。
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公开(公告)号：US5376111A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-27
申请号：US919284
申请日：1992-07-24
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , A61F2/2409
摘要： Mechanical heart valve prostheses having either a single occluder or a pair of occluders are designed to permit such occluders to assume an open position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the valve passageway. The pivot arrangements are such that an occluder pivots about a constant center or pivot axis substantially offset from the locations where engagement occurs between the occluder and the valve body, whereby prompt smooth pivoting movement toward the closed position is initiated from an open position parallel to the valve centerline. For example, elongated arcuate shoes protruding from lateral edges of the occluders follow arcuate paths of matching complementary curvature defined by grooves in diametrically opposed flat sidewall sections of the valve body.
摘要翻译： 具有单个封堵器或一对闭塞器的机械心脏瓣膜假体被设计成允许这种闭塞器呈现平行于阀通道的纵向轴线的打开位置。 枢转装置使得闭塞器围绕恒定的中心枢转轴线或枢转轴线枢转，所述恒定的中心或枢转轴线基本上偏离封闭器和阀体之间的接合位置，从而从平行于闭合位置的打开位置开始向闭合位置的即时平滑枢转运动 阀门中心线。 例如，从闭塞器的侧边缘突出的细长弓形鞋跟随由阀体的直径相对的平坦侧壁部分中的槽限定的匹配互补曲率的弧形路径。
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公开(公告)号：US5308361A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US951680
申请日：1992-09-25
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2409 , A61F2/2403 , Y10T137/7898
摘要： Bi-leaflet heart valves have valve body contours and pivot arrangements that create quick valve response to flow reversal. Valve members or leaflets, which can have flat or curved inflow and outflow surfaces, are slidably and pivotally mounted in a heart valve body of contoured profile so they can be aligned precisely parallel to blood flow in the open position. The leaflets engage either projections extending radially inward from flat wall sections in the valve body sidewall or grooves in these flat wall sections. The shape and relationship of these interengaging surfaces, together with a centrally directed surge of backflowing blood which results from the strategic location of a pair of downstream recesses in the annular valve body, cooperate to provide prompt closing rotation of the leaflets from a parallel open orientation.
摘要翻译： 双瓣心脏瓣膜具有阀体轮廓和枢轴布置，可以对流动反转产生快速的阀响应。 可以具有平坦或弯曲的流入和流出表面的阀构件或小叶片可滑动地且可枢转地安装在轮廓轮廓的心脏瓣膜体中，使得它们可以在打开位置上精确地平行于血流平行地对准。 叶片接合从阀体侧壁中的平壁部分或这些平壁部分中的凹槽径向向内延伸的突起。 这些相互接合的表面的形状和关系以及由环形阀体中的一对下游凹槽的战略位置产生的中心定向的回流血流的协同作用，以提供小叶从平行开放取向的快速闭合旋转 。
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公开(公告)号：US5246453A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US919285
申请日：1992-07-24
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2409 , A61F2/2403 , Y10T137/7898
摘要： Bi-leaflet and single occluder heart valves have improved pivot arrangements that create quick valve response to flow reversal and minimize impact. Valve members or occluders, which have curved inflow and outflow surfaces, are slidably and pivotally mounted in a heart valve body and can be aligned precisely parallel to blood flow in the open position. Lugs on the valve members engage surfaces on projections extending radially inward from flat wall sections in the valve body sidewall, and the shape and relationship of these interengaging surfaces provide prompt initial rotation, low wear and reduced impact upon closing. Laterally directed ears engage the valve body arcuate sidewall and assist in defining the path of closing movement.
摘要翻译： 双瓣和单闭塞心脏瓣膜具有改进的枢轴布置，可以对流量反转产生快速的阀响应并最小化冲击。 具有弯曲的流入和流出表面的阀构件或闭塞器可滑动地且可枢转地安装在心脏瓣膜体中，并且能够在打开位置上精确地平行于血液流动地对齐。 阀构件上的凸块接合从阀体侧壁中的平壁部分径向向内延伸的突起上的表面，并且这些相互接合的表面的形状和关系提供快速的初始旋转，低磨损和减小的关闭冲击。 侧向引导的耳朵接合阀体弓形侧壁，并协助限定关闭运动的路径。
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公开(公告)号：US5236449A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US888872
申请日：1992-05-26
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403
摘要： Prosthetic heart valves having a single occluder, or a pair of identical mating occluders, guided in their movement from the open to the closed position by pairs of elongated slots in diametrically opposed flat sidewall sections of the valve body. Each occluder is formed with two ears that protrude from opposite flat side surfaces along the lateral edges thereof. The ears may be frustoconical or hemispherical or the like and are slidingly received in elongated slots which can be straight or arcuate. The main body portions of the occluders have rectilinear surfaces that are aligned parallel to the centerline through the valve in the open position, so as to give low resistance to blood flow. However, when the backflow of blood displaces the occluders upstream, the slot arrangements are such that even though the occluder bodies are parallel, pivoting towards the closed position orientation begins essentially immediately, and the closing movement is of short duration so as to minimize regurgitation.
摘要翻译： 具有单个封堵器或一对相同的配合封堵器的假体心脏瓣膜通过在阀体的直径相对的平坦侧壁部分中的成对的细长狭槽从开口向闭合位置引导。 每个封堵器形成有两个耳朵，沿着其横向边缘从相对的平坦侧表面突出。 耳朵可以是截头圆锥形或半球形等，并且可滑动地容纳在可以是直的或弓形的细长槽中。 闭塞器的主体部分具有直线表面，其在打开位置通过阀平行于中心线排列，以便给予低血流阻力。 然而，当血液回流使封堵器上游位移时，狭槽结构使得即使闭塞器体是平行的，朝向关闭位置方向的枢转基本上立即开始，并且闭合运动具有短持续时间，从而使反流最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US5192309A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-09
申请号：US837761
申请日：1992-02-18
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2409 , A61F2/2403 , Y10T137/7875 , Y10T137/7898
摘要： Heart valves, particularly those having two identical leaflets, are shown which utilize improved pivot arrangements that create prompt response to flow reversal and minimize impact at the instant of closing. Illustrated are valves having pairs of leaflets that can assume an orientation in the fully open position that is precisely parallel to the centerline of the passageway, yet which will promptly respond upon blood flow reversal and quickly close to prevent substantial regurgitation. The ability of the leaflets to assume a precisely parallel or low energy position in the bloodstream reduces pressure drop across the valve and results in improved flow characteristics. Prompt closing movement pivoting from a parallel position is effected by creating a camming action adjacent the upstream edges of the leaflets while positively guiding the overall path of leaflet translation and rotation by interengagement at other locations spaced from the upstream edges. The pivot arrangements are particularly effective to positively guide the leaflets to assure effective closing movement regardless of momentary deviations in the dynamics of the reverse flow of blood through the valve.
摘要翻译： 心脏瓣膜，特别是具有两个相同小叶的心脏瓣膜被示出，其利用改进的枢转结构，其产生对流动反转的快速响应并且在关闭时将冲击最小化。 示出了具有成对的传单的瓣膜，其可以在完全打开位置呈现精确平行于通道的中心线的方向，但是其将迅速响应于血流反转并快速关闭以防止大量反流。 小叶在血流中呈现精确平行或低能量位置的能力降低了阀门上的压降，从而改善了流动特性。 通过在传播叶片的上游边缘附近产生凸轮作用，同时通过在与上游边缘间隔开的其它位置处的相互接合而正确地引导小叶平移和旋转的整个路径来实现从平行位置枢转的快速关闭运动。 枢轴布置特别有效地积极地引导传单以确保有效的闭合运动，而不管通过阀的反向血流的动力学的瞬时偏差。
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公开(公告)号：US5641324A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-24
申请号：US589864
申请日：1996-01-23
申请人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
发明人： Jack C. Bokros , John L. Ely , Michael R. Emken , Axel D. Haubold , T. Scott Peters , Jonathan C. Stupka , C. Thomas Waits
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , A61F2/0077 , A61F2310/00161 , A61F2310/00173 , A61F2310/00574
摘要： A bileaflet heart valve incorporates a pivot arrangement that minimizes resistance to downstream blood flow in the open position yet has prompt response and therefore minimal regurgitation upon flow reversal. A valve body having an axially curved entrance that smoothly joins a generally cylindrical body of extended axial length provides excellent fluid flow characteristics when combined with leaflets that can assume orientations perfectly aligned with the downstream flow of blood. Identical flat leaflets can assume a parallel orientation in the fully open position during downstream blood flow or can assume other low energy positions. Flat ears, which extend laterally from opposite surfaces of the leaflets, interengage with cavities of unique design having upstream and downstream lobes separated by an intermediate throat portion defined by inward and outward fulcrums. The downstream lobes may be designed to facilitate movement to the parallel orientation or to cause the leaflets to optionally prerotate toward the closed position. As soon as reverse flow begins, upstream displacement of the leaflets causes the ears to contact straight camming surfaces located upstream of the outward fulcrums which, in combination with the fulcrums and a downwardly directed, concave surface at the upstream end of the upstream lobe, positively guide each leaflet through efficient closing which ends in substantially rotational movement. A pyrocarbon valve body receives suture rings that permit the tissue annulus to directly contact an exterior surface region of the valve body.
摘要翻译： 双流心脏瓣膜包括枢轴装置，其使得在打开位置中对下游血流的抵抗力最小化，但具有迅速的反应，因此在流动反转时具有最小的反流。 具有平滑地连接延伸轴向长度的大致圆柱形主体的轴向弯曲入口的阀体当与能够呈现与下游血液流完全对准的方向的叶片组合时提供优异的流体流动特性。 相同的扁平小叶可以在下游血流期间在完全打开位置呈现平行取向，或者可以采取其他低能量位置。 平面耳朵从小叶的相对表面横向延伸，与独特设计的空腔相互联系，具有由内向和向外支点限定的中间喉部分隔的上游和下游叶片。 下游叶片可以被设计成便于移动到平行取向或使得小叶可选择性地朝向关闭位置旋转。 一旦反向流动开始，小叶的上游位移将使耳朵接触位于外侧支点上游的直接凸轮表面，该支撑点与上游叶的上游端的支点和向下指向的凹面结合，呈正向 通过高效关闭来引导每个小叶，其基本上旋转运动结束。 热碳体阀体接收缝合环，其允许组织环直接接触阀体的外表面区域。
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公开(公告)号：US5236451A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US914206
申请日：1992-07-14
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , Y10T137/7875 , Y10T137/7898
摘要： Bi-leaflet heart valves have improved flow characteristics in their open position as a result of employing valve bodies of elongated axial dimension. By elongating the axial dimension of valve bodies which have straight, smooth interior wall surfaces oriented parallel to the centerline through the valve and to the flow path of blood, and by employing a pair of occluders which have major surfaces that are rectilinear and can assume an orientation that is substantially parallel to the centerline in the open position, a streamlining of blood flow occurs. The pivot arrangements avoid the use of acute angular surface orientations and cause the occluders, although aligned substantially parallel to blood flow in the open position, to promptly pivot toward the closed position upon reversal of blood flow. This streamlining substantially reduces turbulence and results in low head loss, both significant advantages in bi-leaflet heart valve performance.
摘要翻译： 由于采用细长轴向尺寸的阀体，双瓣心脏瓣膜在其打开位置具有改善的流动特性。 通过延长具有平行于中心线的直线，平滑的内壁表面的阀体的轴向尺寸，通过阀和血液的流动路径，并且通过使用一对闭塞器，其具有直线的主表面并且可以呈现 取向基本上平行于打开位置的中心线，发生血流的精简。 枢转装置避免使用急性角度表面取向并且使闭塞器虽然基本上平行于处于打开位置的血流排列，但是在血液流动反向时能够迅速地向闭合位置枢转。 这种精简大大减少湍流并导致低头损失，双瓣心脏瓣膜性能的显着优点。
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公开(公告)号：US5137532A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-11
申请号：US730126
申请日：1991-07-15
IPC分类号： A61F2/24
CPC分类号： A61F2/2403 , Y10T137/7898
摘要： Bi-leaflet heart valves have improved flow characteristics in their open position as a result of employing valve bodies of elongated axial dimension. By elongating the axial dimension of valve bodies which have straight, smooth interior wall surfaces oriented parallel to the centerline through the valve and to the flow path of blood, and by employing a pair of occluders which have major surfaces that are rectilinear and can assume an orientation that is substantially parallel to the centerline in the open position, a streamlining of blood flow occurs. The pivot arrangements avoid the use of acute angular surface orientations and cause the occluders, although aligned substantially parallel to blood flow in the open position, to promptly pivot toward the closed position upon reversal of blood flow. This streamlining substantially reduces turbulence and results in low head loss, both significant advantages in bi-leaflet heart valve performance.
摘要翻译： 由于采用细长轴向尺寸的阀体，双瓣心脏瓣膜在其打开位置具有改善的流动特性。 通过延长具有平行于中心线的直线，平滑的内壁表面的阀体的轴向尺寸，通过阀和血液的流动路径，并且通过使用一对闭塞器，其具有直线的主表面并且可以呈现 取向基本上平行于打开位置的中心线，发生血流的精简。 枢转装置避免使用急性角度表面取向并且使闭塞器虽然基本上平行于处于打开位置的血流排列，但是在血液流动反向时能够迅速地向闭合位置枢转。 这种精简大大减少湍流并导致低头损失，双瓣心脏瓣膜性能的显着优点。
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