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1.发明授权System for treating blood processed in a cardiopulmonary bypass machine and ultrasound filtration apparatus useful therein 失效用于治疗在体外循环机中处理的血液的系统和其中有用的超声过滤装置
公开(公告)号：US5334136A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-02
申请号：US467444
申请日：1990-01-19
CPC分类号： B01D19/0078 , A61M1/3627 , A61M1/363
摘要： A system for reducing post-cardiopulmonary bypass encephalopathy due to microembolization of the brain of a patient with gaseous microbubbles (less than 40 microns in diameter) occurring during open-heart surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass machine by passing a stream of blood from the patient through an ultrasonic traveling wave which propagates across the stream without reflection and sweeps the blood clean of the microbubbles without inducing blood cell trauma. The blood passes through a chamber between an input port and a filtrate exit port. An ultrasonic beam is projected so that a pressure maximum of the main lobe of the beam is centered at the filtrate exit port. The microbubbles are carried by the traveling wave to a waste exit port in the chamber downstream of the input port. To prevent establishment of resonance conditions, reflections and traveling waves the chamber may be submerged in a liquid bath and a body of acoustic absorbent material disposed at an end of the chamber opposite to the end into which the ultrasonic beam is projected.
摘要翻译： 一种系统，用于通过使来自患者的血液流通过心肺旁路机器的患者的脑部微栓塞（小于直径小于40微米）而在心脏外科手术中发生的体外循环脑病系统， 超声波行波，其在没有反射的情况下传播，并扫描微泡的血液清洁而不引起血细胞损伤。 血液通过输入口和滤液出口之间的腔室。 投射超声波束，使得光束的主瓣的最大压力在滤液出口处居中。 微波通过行波携带到输入端口下游的室中的废物出口。 为了防止共振条件的建立，反射和行波，室可以浸没在液体槽中，并且吸声材料体设置在与突出超声波束的端部相反的端部处的吸声材料体。
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公开(公告)号：US5837221A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-17
申请号：US681710
申请日：1996-07-29
CPC分类号： A61K49/0002 , A61K49/0004 , A61K49/223
摘要： It has been discovered that the incorporation of gases, especially fluorinated gases such as perfluorocarbons, into microparticles formed from the combination of a natural or synthetic polymer and lipid have significantly enhanced echogenicity as compared with microparticles not including the lipid. Compounds other than lipids which are hydrophobic and limit the penetration and/or uptake of water into the microparticles can also be incorporated into the microparticles to enhance echogenicity. In the preferred embodiment, the polymers are synthetic biodegradable polymers. The microparticles are manufactured with a diameter suitable for the targeted tissue to be imaged, for example, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 8 microns for intravascular administration, and a diameter of between 0.5 and 5 mm for oral administration for imaging of the gastrointestinal tract or other lumens. Preferred polymers are polyhydroxy acids such as polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid, most preferably conjugated to polyethylene glycol or other materials inhibiting uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The most preferred lipids are phospholipids, preferably dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), diarachidoylphosphatidylcholine (DAPC), dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine (DBPC), ditricosanoylphosphatidylcholine, dilignoceroylphatidylcholine (DLPC), incorporated at a ratio of between 0.01-30 (w lipid/w polymer), most preferably between 0.1-10 (w lipid/w polymer). Microparticles for imaging using other detectable agents can be similarly manufactured.
摘要翻译： 已经发现，与不包括脂质的微粒相比，将天然或合成聚合物和脂质的组合形成的气体，特别是氟化气体（例如全氟化碳）并入微型颗粒中显着增强了回声反应性。 疏水性的脂质以外的化合物也限制在微粒中的渗透和/或吸收也可以并入微粒中以增强回声性。 在优选的实施方案中，聚合物是合成的可生物降解的聚合物。 制造具有适于待成像的目标组织的直径的微粒，例如直径为0.5至8微米，用于血管内施用，并且用于口服给药的直径在0.5至5mm之间以用于胃肠道成像 或其他流明。 优选的聚合物是聚羟基酸，例如聚乳酸 - 共 - 乙醇酸，最优选与聚乙二醇缀合或抑制网状内皮系统（RES）摄取的其它物质。 最优选的脂质是磷脂，优选二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱（DPPC），二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱（DSPC），二酰氨基磷脂酰胆碱（DAPC），二苯甲酰磷脂酰胆碱（DBPC），二硫代酰基磷脂酰胆碱，二烯酰基脂肪酰胆碱（DLPC），其比例为0.01-30（w脂质/ ），最优选0.1-10（w脂/ w聚合物）。 可以类似地制造用于使用其它可检测试剂成像的微粒。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6045777A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US885933
申请日：1997-06-30
CPC分类号： A61B8/481 , A61K49/223
摘要： It has been discovered microparticles formed from natural or synthetic polymer with thicker walls have significantly enhanced echogenicity as compared with microparticles having thinner walls. The effect of wall thickness has been determined experimentally as well as inserted into a formula for use in predicting the optimum conditions. In the preferred embodiment, the polymers are synthetic biodegradable polymers and the wall thickness is between about 100 and 660 nm, although wall thicknesses from about 20 nm to in excess of 500 nm can be used. The microparticles are manufactured with a diameter suitable for the targeted tissue to be imaged, for example, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 8 microns for intravascular administration, and a diameter of between 0.5 and 5 mm for oral administration for imaging of the gastrointestinal tract or other lumens. Preferred polymers are polyhydroxy acids such as polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid, polylactide or polyglycolide, most preferably conjugated to polyethylene glycol or other materials inhibiting uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The microspheres may be used in a variety of ultrasound imaging applications including cardiology applications, blood perfusion applications as well as for organ and peripheral vein imaging.
摘要翻译： 与具有较薄壁的微粒相比，发现由具有较厚壁的天然或合成聚合物形成的微粒具有显着增强的回声性。 实验确定了壁厚的影响，并将其插入到用于预测最佳条件的公式中。 在优选的实施方案中，聚合物是合成的可生物降解聚合物，并且壁厚度在约100至660nm之间，尽管可以使用约20nm至超过500nm的壁厚。 制造具有适于待成像的目标组织的直径的微粒，例如，用于血管内施用的直径为0.5至8微米，并且用于口服给药以用于胃肠道成像的直径为0.5至5毫米 或其他流明。 优选的聚合物是聚羟酸，例如聚乳酸 - 共 - 乙醇酸，聚丙交酯或聚乙交酯，最优选与聚乙二醇缀合或抑制网状内皮系统（RES）吸收的其它物质。 微球可以用于各种超声成像应用，包括心脏应用，血液灌注应用以及器官和外周静脉成像。
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