公开(公告)号：US20180154627A1

公开(公告)日：2018-06-07

申请号：US15880537

申请日：2018-01-26

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Lining Yao ,  Wen Wang ,  Jifei Ou ,  Chin-Yi Cheng ,  Guanyun Wang ,  Hiroshi Ishii ,  Daniel Wang ,  Helene Steiner ,  Clark Della Silva

IPC: B33Y80/00 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  B33Y30/00

CPC classification number: B33Y80/00 ,  B29C64/106 ,  B29C64/112 ,  B29C64/20 ,  B29C64/386 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  B33Y30/00

Abstract: A composite film includes a substrate that is not responsive to relative humidity, and also one or more layers of hygromorphic material. The hygromorphic material expands in response to an increase in relative humidity and contracts in response to a decrease in relative humidity. In some cases, the composite film is bi-layer or tri-layer. The composite films are fabricated such that they undergo a desired bending pattern in response to changes in relative humidity. In some cases, these bending patterns are combinations of two bending primitives: a smooth curve and a sharply angled curve. These two primitives are combined to create a variety of shape transformations including 1D linear transformation, 2D surface expansion and contraction, 2.5D texture change and 3D folding. Any type of hygromorphic material may be employed, including living gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells, yeast cells, plant cells, mammalian cells, cell debris, or hydrogel.