公开(公告)号：US20080297882A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-04

申请号：US10627989

申请日：2003-07-28

申请人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Salvatore Baglio

发明人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Salvatore Baglio

IPC分类号： G02B26/08 ,  G02F1/29

CPC分类号： G02B26/02

摘要： A device and method of optics propagation and signal control integrated with micro-electro-mechanical-switches (MEMS). This device modifies optical transmission properties of a transparent multilayer metal stack by mechanically varying the thickness of an air gap between layers in the stack This is accomplished by utilizing MEMS coupled with the stack to change the optical path in a given layer of the transparent multilayer metal stack. This can be accomplished by developing a hybrid combination of transparent multilayer stacks and MEMS, wherein an air gap is used as one of the dielectric layers. The air gap thickness can be controlled by the MEMS device thereby enabling dramatic control of the optical path.

摘要翻译： 与微电子机械开关（MEMS）集成的光学传播和信号控制的装置和方法。 该装置通过机械地改变堆叠层之间的空气间隙的厚度来改变透明多层金属堆叠的光学透射性能这是通过利用与堆叠耦合的MEMS来改变给定层中的透明多层金属的光路来实现的 堆栈 这可以通过开发透明多层堆叠和MEMS的混合组合来实现，其中气隙用作介电层之一。 气隙厚度可以由MEMS器件控制，从而能够显着地控制光路。

公开(公告)号：US20070019919A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-25

申请号：US11188062

申请日：2005-07-22

申请人： Mark Bloemer ,  Michael Scalora ,  Evgeni Poliakov

发明人： Mark Bloemer ,  Michael Scalora ,  Evgeni Poliakov

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/065 ,  G02F2202/32

摘要： A waveguide has upper and lower cladding regions. A core of the waveguide made of a non-linear optical polymer is positioned between the upper and lower cladding regions. A first electrode is connected to the upper cladding region and a second electrode is connected to the lower cladding region. The upper cladding region and the lower cladding region are made of photonic band gap materials and have multiple periods of cladding layers with each period having a first layer having a linear refractive index of n1 and each period having a second layer having a linear refractive index of n2. The waveguide allows for minimal distances to exist between the electrodes while allowing for virtual lossless cm-long transmission of propagating light. By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the propagated light can be modulated.

摘要翻译： 波导具有上和下包层区域。 由非线性光学聚合物制成的波导的芯部位于上部和下部包层区域之间。 第一电极连接到上包层区域，第二电极连接到下包层区域。 上包层区域和下包层区域由光子带隙材料制成并且具有多个包覆层的周期，每个周期具有线性折射率为n 1的第一层，并且每个周期具有 第二层具有n 2的线性折射率。 波导允许在电极之间存在最小的距离，同时允许传播光的虚拟无损的cm长的透射。 通过向电极施加电压，可以调制传播的光。

公开(公告)号：US06538794B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-25

申请号：US09672835

申请日：2000-09-29

申请人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Marco Centini ,  Concita Sibilia ,  Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

发明人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Marco Centini ,  Concita Sibilia ,  Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

IPC分类号： G02F101

CPC分类号： G02F1/37 ,  G02F1/3515 ,  G02F2202/32 ,  G02F2203/50

摘要： A device is provided for generating a photonic signal having a phase different from an input photonic signal that is incident on the device. The input photonic signal has an signal frequency, signal bandwidth, and a signal intensity. The device comprises a plurality of material layers. The material layers are arranged such that the device exhibits a photonic band gap structure. The photonic band gap structure exhibits a transmission band edge that corresponds to the input photonic signal frequency. A second photonic signal is generated at a second photonic frequency preferably close to a second band edge. The interaction of the input photonic signal with the second photonic signal generates a phase shift of order &pgr; for relatively small input intensities.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于产生具有与入射到设备上的输入光子信号不同的相位的光子信号的装置。 输入光子信号具有信号频率，信号带宽和信号强度。 该装置包括多个材料层。 材料层被布置成使得该器件呈现光子带隙结构。 光子带隙结构表现出对应于输入光子信号频率的透射带边缘。 第二光子信号以优选地接近第二带边缘的第二光子频率产生。 输入光子信号与第二光子信号的相互作用产生相对较小输入强度的阶数p i的相移。

公开(公告)号：US20070237478A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-11

申请号：US11278521

申请日：2006-04-03

申请人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Nadia Mattiucci ,  Michael Scalora

发明人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Nadia Mattiucci ,  Michael Scalora

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/02295 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  G02B5/08 ,  G02B6/02304 ,  G02B6/10

摘要： We have shown that a single layer of a 3D Zero Index Material (ZIM) has omnidirectional reflection properties. In the range between the electric plasma frequency and the magnetic plasma frequency, ZIM reflect radiation for all angles of incidence and polarization with reflectivities of ˜99%. In addition, with increasing angles of incidence, the reflecting band does not shift in frequency but actually widens. The operational bandwidth can be 100% or greater by increasing the separation between the electric and magnetic plasma frequencies. We have also shown that in the spectral region that allows the omnidirectional gap, ZIM can be used as the cladding of hollow waveguides with better performance than traditional hollow waveguides.

摘要翻译： 我们已经表明，单层3D零索引材料（ZIM）具有全向反射特性。 在等离子体等离子体频率与等离子体等离子体频率之间的范围内，ZIM反射辐射为所有入射角和极化，反射率为〜99％。 另外，随着入射角的增加，反射带的频率不会发生变化，而是实际上变宽。 通过增加电和等离子体频率之间的间隔可以使操作带宽达到100％以上。 我们还表明，在允许全向间隙的光谱区域中，ZIM可以被用作具有比传统空心波导更好性能的空心波导的包层。

公开(公告)号：US06414780B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09471036

申请日：1999-12-23

申请人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Marco Centini ,  Concita Sibilia ,  Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

发明人： Giuseppe D'Aguanno ,  Marco Centini ,  Concita Sibilia ,  Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

IPC分类号： G02F103

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/37 ,  G02F2202/32

摘要： Non-linear reflectivity and non-linear transmissivity of a first photonic signal incident on a photonic band gap (PBG) structure are controlled by applying a second photonic signal to the PBG structure while the first photonic signal is incident on the PBG structure. The first and second photonic signals have respective frequencies near a low frequency, first order band gap edge and a high frequency, second order band gap edge resonance peak of the PBG structure. The first photonic signal undergoes enhanced non-linear gain near the band gap edges when a predetermined phase difference is imposed between the first and second photonic signals, resulting in dramatic reflectivity and transmissivity changes for a band gap structure of only a few microns in length.

摘要翻译： 通过在第一光子信号入射到PBG结构上时向PBG结构施加第二光子信号来控制入射在光子带隙（PBG）结构上的第一光子信号的非线性反射率和非线性透射率。 第一和第二光子信号具有接近PBG结构的低频，一阶带隙边缘和高频二阶带隙边缘共振峰值的相应频率。 当在第一和第二光子信号之间施加预定的相位差时，第一光子信号在带隙边缘附近经历增强的非线性增益，导致长度仅为几微米的带隙结构的显着的反射率和透射率变化。

公开(公告)号：US07075610B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US09782517

申请日：2001-02-14

申请人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

发明人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer

IPC分类号： G02F1/1343

CPC分类号： H01L51/5036 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02F1/13439 ,  G02F2202/32 ,  H01L51/5215 ,  H01L51/5262 ,  H01L51/5275

摘要： An LCD device for displaying an image includes pixel control electrodes constructed as a transparent metal stack having a photonic band gap (PBG) structure that transmits a visible range of wavelengths and suppresses a non-visible range of wavelengths. A liquid crystal layer between the pixel control electrodes controls the transmission of light in response to a voltage applied across the pixel control electrodes. A light emitting structure (LES), such as a light emitting diode (LED) or light emitting polymer (LEP) device includes a cathode electrode, a substrate, an active layer for emitting visible light, and a transparent anode electrode having a PBG structure.

公开(公告)号：US20050007655A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10821246

申请日：2004-04-09

申请人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Marco Centini ,  Gisueppe D'Aguanno

发明人： Michael Scalora ,  Mark Bloemer ,  Marco Centini ,  Gisueppe D'Aguanno

IPC分类号： G02B6/122 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G02F1/37 ,  G02F1/377

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/02057 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02F1/3534 ,  G02F1/37 ,  G02F1/3775 ,  G02F2201/30 ,  G02F2202/32

摘要： A photonic band gap (PBG) device is provided for frequency up and/or down-converting first and second photonic signals incident on the device to produce a down-converted output photonic signal. When the first and second incident photonic signals have respective first and second frequencies ω3 and ω2, the down-converted photonic signal has a third frequency ω1=ω3−ω2. When the first incident field has a frequency ω1, the first up-converted photonic signal has a second frequency ω3=ω1+ω2. The second up-converted photonic signal has a third frequency ω3=ω1+ω2. Thus, the PBG device can be used to generate coherent near- and mid-IR signals by frequency down-converting photonic signals from readily available photonic signal sources, or red, blue, and ultraviolet signals by up-converting the same readily available photonic signal sources. The PBG device includes a layered stack having a plurality of first material layers and a plurality of second material layers. The first and second material layers are arranged such that the PBG device exhibits a photonic band gap structure exhibiting first, second and third transmission band edges respectively corresponding to the first, second, and third frequencies. An interaction of the first and second photonic signals with the arrangement of layers in the metal stack causes a mixing process to generate the both up and down-converted photonic signal at the third frequency.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种光子带隙（PBG）器件，用于对入射到器件上的第一和第二光子信号进行上变频和/或下变频以产生下变频的输出光子信号。 当第一和第二入射光子信号具有相应的第一和第二频率ω3和ω2时，下转换的光子信号具有第三频率ω1 =ω3-ω2。 当第一入射场具有频率ω1时，第一上变频光子信号具有第二频率ω3=ω1+ω2。 第二次上转换的光子信号具有第三频率ω3=ω1+ω2。 因此，PBG器件可以用于通过从容易获得的光子信号源或红色，蓝色和紫外信号中的光子信号降频转换相同容易获得的光子信号而产生相干近红外信号和中红外信号 来源。 PBG装置包括具有多个第一材料层和多个第二材料层的分层堆叠。 第一和第二材料层布置成使得PBG器件呈现分别对应于第一，第二和第三频率的第一，第二和第三透射带边缘的光子带隙结构。 第一和第二光子信号与金属堆叠中的层的布置的相互作用导致混合过程以在第三频率产生上转换和下转换的光子信号。