摘要:
Toner having spindle-shaped particles is used to form images in an image forming apparatus. Each spindle-shaped particle has a ratio of a length in a minor axis to a length in a major axis in a range from 0.5 to 0.8 and a ratio of a thickness to the length in the minor axis in a range from 0.7 to 1.0. A charging device applies an electric charge onto an electrostatic latent-image carrier of the image forming apparatus. The charging device includes a charging roller, a surface roughness of which is equal to or smaller than 10 micrometers.
摘要:
A mobile unit comprises a surrounding level measuring unit which measures the surrounding level, a reported information acquisition unit which acquires the reported information, a control unit which controls the surrounding level measurement unit, and a zone transfer unit which transfers the zone to the one of highest level among those monitored. The control unit provides a control so as to omit the measurement of the surrounding level of the zones not adapted for packet communication based on the result of measurement by the surrounding level measurement unit or the reported information acquired by the reported information acquisition unit.
摘要:
In a sequence for setting a communication channel via a communication network with a communication counter party, a plural communication connection setting method is comprised of: a plural ID requesting step at which a terminal and a relay switch which initiate a communication transmit a connection setting request based upon a single message on which a set of identification numbers (ID) for previously establishing a plurality of connections and a communication parameter is described in response to a predetermined request and a response answer; a rewriting step at which when one message for describing the plural IDs set is received, if the request is available, then the corresponding portions of the corresponding management (routing) table are sequentially rewritten to be managed; and a plural ID response step at which when the rewriting operations corresponding to the plural ID sets are accomplished, a setting response is returned by way of one message on which the plural IDs are written to the setting request source.
摘要:
A system for cleaning a charge inducing member comprising a cleaning element for establishing relative lineal as well as rotary movement between the cleaning element and charge inducing member. Embodiments include various mechanisms for imparting axial reciprocal motion to the cleaning element and for disabling reciprocation of the cleaning element or separating the cleaning element and charging member from each other during sensitive portions of a photoduplication cycle.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive body. A charge member is held in contact with the photosensitive body and charges the photosensitive body by applying a voltage thereto. An exposure device exposes a surface of the photosensitive body charged by the charge member and forms an electrostatic latent image. A developing device attaches toner to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive body and visualizes the electrostatic latent image. Further, a particle diameter of fine powder which is the toner used in the developing device is equal to or less than 3 .mu.m, and a containing rate of the fine powder is equal to or less than 5%. Further, an angle of spatula of the toner used in the developing device may be at least 25 degrees. A cohesiveness of the toner may also be at least 9%.