公开(公告)号：US4594001A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-10

申请号：US539615

申请日：1983-10-06

申请人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

发明人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/24

摘要： An object is scanned first with a light plane from a variable-intensity light-plane projector, and the reflected light is used as signals to modify point by point the output of the projector in accordance with the intensity of the respective reflective-light signal. Thereupon the object is scanned a second time and the projector is instructed to apply less light than before to those points of the object from which a strong reflected-light signal was received during the first scan, and/or to apply more light to points from which a weak reflected-light signal was received during the first scan. In similar manner, a projected intensity encoded light volume is projected on an object and the reflected light is used as signals to point-by-point modify the output of the projector for subsequent projections.

摘要翻译： 首先用来自可变强度光平面投影仪的光平面扫描物体，并且将反射光用作根据相应反射光信号的强度逐点修改投影仪的输出的信号。 因此，第二次扫描物体，并且指示投影仪将比以前更少的光施加到在第一次扫描期间从其接收到强烈的反射光信号的物体的那些点，和/或向多个点施加更多的光 在第一次扫描期间接收到弱反射光信号。 以类似的方式，将投影强度编码光体积投射在物体上，并且将反射光用作逐点修改投影仪的输出以用于随后的投影的信号。

公开(公告)号：US4443705A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-17

申请号：US432267

申请日：1982-10-01

申请人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

发明人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

IPC分类号： G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/24

摘要： A method for locating points on a surface, in which the surface is irradiated selectively with an irradiating volume which has a varying intensity that defines a first pattern. After irradiating the surface with the first pattern, the surface is irradiated similarly with volume(s) having varying intensity(ies) defining a second (or more) pattern(s). Both (or all) of these patterns are applied to a point to be located on the surface. The radiation impinging on the surface is recorded by a camera which forms images of these patterns. The images are scanned to find the intensities of the point in the two (or more) patterns. The location of the point on the surface is dependent on a predetermined ratio or difference of the intensities of the point in the two (or more) patterns. The patterns may be linear, sinusoidal, smooth, non-smooth and/or two dimensional functions ultimately producing a single valued ratio or difference result.

摘要翻译： 用于定位表面上的点的方法，其中表面被选择性地照射具有限定第一图案的变化强度的照射体积。 在用第一图案照射表面之后，类似于具有限定第二（或更多）图案的强度变化的体积的表面被照射。 这些图案的（或全部）都被应用于要位于表面上的点。 通过形成这些图案的图像的照相机记录入射在表面上的辐射。 扫描图像以查找两个（或多个）图案中的点的强度。 表面上的点的位置取决于两个（或多个）图案中点的强度的预定比率或差。 这些图案可以是线性的，正弦的，平滑的，非平滑的和/或二维的功能，最终产生单值或差分结果。

公开(公告)号：US4494874A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-22

申请号：US281068

申请日：1981-07-07

申请人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

发明人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

IPC分类号： G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/24

摘要： An object is scanned first with a flying light spot from a variable-intensity light-spot projector, and the reflected light is used as signals to point by point modify the output of the projector in accordance with the intensity of the respective reflective-light signal. Thereupon the object is scanned a second time and the projector instructed to apply less light than before to those points of the object from which a strong reflected-light signal was received during the first scan, and to apply more light to points from which a weak reflected-light signal was received during the first scan.

摘要翻译： 首先用来自可变强度光点投影仪的飞行光点扫描物体，并且反射光被用作根据各个反射光信号的强度逐点修改投影仪的输出的信号 。 因此，第二次扫描物体，并且投影仪指示在第一次扫描期间从其中接收到强反射光信号的物体的那些点施加较少的光，并且将更多的光施加到弱点 在第一次扫描期间接收到反射光信号。

公开(公告)号：US4630910A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US580653

申请日：1984-02-16

申请人： Joseph Ross ,  Paul DiMatteo

发明人： Joseph Ross ,  Paul DiMatteo

IPC分类号： G03B29/00

CPC分类号： G03B29/00

摘要： An apparatus with a common aperture and multiple image recording surfaces with individual filters and/or controlled shutters enables the implementation of several methods of 3-D measurement systems. The parallel nature of the device lends to short measurement times suitable for measuring moving objects. A similar apparatus may be constructed to project multiple images simultaneously or in rapid succession. Elimination of mechanical motion within the projectors and cameras of the prior art reduce the measurement time significantly. A new method of 3-D measurement employing a sweeping light plane and time encoded image recording uses the apparatus. An alternate method maintains a stationary projected light plane through which an object moves as it is measured in 3-D. Another method uses simultaneous projection of light patterns at different frequencies. Another method employs the time of flight of a light pulse and time encoded recording of the reflected energy.

摘要翻译： 具有公共孔径和具有单独滤光器和/或受控百叶窗的多个图像记录表面的装置使得能够实现三维测量系统的几种方法。 设备的平行特性有助于测量移动物体的测量时间。 可以构造类似的装置以同时或快速连续投影多个图像。 消除现有技术的投影仪和照相机内的机械运动显着减少测量时间。 采用扫描光平面和时间编码图像记录的三维测量的新方法使用该装置。 一种替代方法是保持一个固定的投影光平面，物体在3-D中测量时可以通过该平面移动。 另一种方法使用不同频率的光图案的同时投影。 另一种方法采用光脉冲的飞行时间和反射能量的时间编码记录。

公开(公告)号：US4443706A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-17

申请号：US463970

申请日：1983-02-04

申请人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

发明人： Paul DiMatteo ,  Joseph Ross

IPC分类号： G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/24

摘要： A method for locating points on a surface in which the surface is irradiated selectively with an irradiating volume which has a varying intensity that defines a first pattern. After irradiating the surface with the first pattern, the surface is irradiated similarly with volumes having varying intensities defining a second or more patterns. Both of these patterns are applied to a point to be located on the surface. The radiation impinging on the surface is recorded by a camera which forms images of the patterns. The images are scanned to find the intensities of the point in the two or more patterns. More than one pattern may be simultaneously irradiated, using different frequencies to distinquish the data. The location of the point on the surface is dependent on a predetermined ratio or difference of the intensities of the point in the two or more patterns. The patterns may be linear, sinusoidal, smooth, non-smooth and/or two dimensional functions ultimately producing a single valued ratio or difference result.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位表面的点的方法，其中表面被选择性地照射具有限定第一图案的变化强度的照射体积。 在用第一图案照射表面之后，类似于具有限定第二或更多图案的强度变化的体积照射表面。 这些图案都被应用于要位于表面上的点。 通过形成图案图像的照相机记录入射在表面上的辐射。 扫描图像以找到两个或多个图案中的点的强度。 可以同时照射不止一种图案，使用不同的频率来区分数据。 表面上的点的位置取决于两个或更多个图案中的点的预定比率或强度差。 这些图案可以是线性的，正弦的，平滑的，非平滑的和/或二维的功能，最终产生单值或差分结果。

公开(公告)号：US4682894A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-28

申请号：US714253

申请日：1985-03-21

申请人： Richard Schmidt ,  Howard Stern ,  Alex Mauro ,  Joseph Ross

发明人： Richard Schmidt ,  Howard Stern ,  Alex Mauro ,  Joseph Ross

IPC分类号： G01B11/30 ,  G01B11/00

CPC分类号： G01B11/306

摘要： An arrangement in which three-dimensional measurement sensors are calibrated using linear translation of three flat plates, one orthogonal to the path, one sloping vertically, one sloping horizontally. Sensors for which linear interpolation applies need only calibrate two surfaces of the sensor volume for complete calibration. Two flat surfaces are adequate for calibrating a volume if one surface is used twice.

摘要翻译： 使用三个平板的线性平移来校准三维测量传感器，其中一个与路径正交，一个垂直倾斜，一个倾斜水平地进行校准。 用于线性插补的传感器只需要校准传感器体积的两个表面即可完成校准。 如果一个表面被使用两次，两个平面就足以校准一个体积。

公开(公告)号：US4634278A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-06

申请号：US577331

申请日：1984-02-06

申请人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

发明人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01B11/25 ,  G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/2536

摘要： Methods are provided for reducing the number of projected patterns required to make two- or three-dimensional surface measurements on a sub-class of surfaces comprising relatively smooth surfaces. By including apriori knowledge about the surface to be measured, pattern ambiguities can be resolved by processing rather than by additional projected patterns.

公开(公告)号：US4648717A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-10

申请号：US794613

申请日：1985-11-04

申请人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

发明人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01B11/25 ,  G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/2536

摘要： Methods are provided for reducing the number of projected patterns required to make two- or three-dimensional surface measurements on a sub-class of surfaces comprising relatively smooth surfaces. By including apriori knowledge about the surface to be measured, pattern ambiguities can be resolved by processing rather than by additional projected patterns.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于减少在包括相对光滑表面的表面的子类别上进行二维或三维表面测量所需的投影图案的数量的方法。 通过包含关于要测量表面的先验知识，可以通过处理而不是通过附加的投影图案来解决模式模糊。

公开(公告)号：US4634279A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-06

申请号：US794612

申请日：1985-11-04

申请人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

发明人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01B11/25 ,  G01B11/24

CPC分类号： G01B11/2536

摘要： Methods are provided for reducing the number of projected patterns required to make two- or three-dimensional surface measurements on a sub-class of surfaces comprising relatively smooth surfaces. By including apriori knowledge about the surface to be measured, pattern ambiguities can be resolved by processing rather than by additional projected patterns.

公开(公告)号：US4637058A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-13

申请号：US649687

申请日：1984-09-12

申请人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

发明人： Joseph Ross ,  Richard Schmidt

IPC分类号： G06K9/48 ,  G06K9/20 ,  G06K9/52

CPC分类号： G06K9/48

摘要： The physical location of a surface in six degrees of freedom relative to the nominal location of a nominal surface is uniquely defined automatically by a measurement system provided with a processing unit, if sufficient asymmetric curvature exists in the surface to uniquely locate three points on the surface. Useful in inspection and material handling applications, a master model of the surface with a known location is defined. Two points are selected on the surface and then a plane is passed through the points, preferably perpendicular to the surface if no edge is present. Then a third point is selected along the curve of intersection so that the three points form a unique triangular template that locates the points along the curve. If the three points are on a sharp edge of the surface this may be adequate information. Otherwise a plane is passed through one of the points (or two planes, one through each of the two points), preferably perpendicular to the first plane, and two additional points are selected along the curve of intersection so that the three points form a unique triangular template that locates the points in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the first curve. Thus, depending on the surface curvature, as few as three points are chosen and measurements made in those relative locations on the surface to be located. By fitting the measured data to the nominal model surface, the location of the surface relative to the model can be determined.

摘要翻译： 相对于公称表面的标称位置，六面自由度的表面的物理位置由设置有处理单元的测量系统自动唯一地定义，如果在表面中存在足够的不对称曲率以唯一地定位表面上的三个点 。 在检查和材料处理应用中有用，定义了具有已知位置的表面的主模型。 在表面上选择两个点，然后如果没有边缘存在，则平面通过点，优选地垂直于表面。 然后沿着交叉点的曲线选择第三个点，使得三个点形成一个独特的三角形模板，其沿着曲线定位点。 如果三个点在表面的锋利边缘，这可能是足够的信息。 否则，平面通过一个点（或两个平面，一个通过两个点中的每一个），优选地垂直于第一平面，并且沿着交叉曲线选择两个附加点，使得三个点形成唯一的 三角形模板，其在与第一曲线的方向正交的方向上定位点。 因此，根据表面曲率，选择三个点，并在要定位的表面上的那些相对位置进行测量。 通过将测量数据拟合到标称模型表面，可以确定表面相对于模型的位置。